Shekaru da dama, an auna ci gaba a fasahar ajiya da farko dangane da iyawar ajiya da saurin karantawa/ rubuta bayanai. A tsawon lokaci, waɗannan sigogin kimantawa an ƙara su ta hanyar fasaha da hanyoyin da ke sa HDD da SSD su fi wayo, mafi sassauƙa da sauƙin sarrafawa. Kowace shekara, masana'antun tuƙi a al'ada suna nuna cewa babban kasuwar bayanai za ta canza, kuma 2020 ba banda. Shugabannin IT suna ƙara neman ingantattun hanyoyi don adanawa da sarrafa ɗimbin bayanai, kuma suna sake yin alkawarin canza tsarin tsarin ajiya. A cikin wannan labarin, mun tattara ingantattun fasahohi don adana bayanai, kuma za mu yi magana game da ra'ayoyin na'urorin ajiya na gaba waɗanda har yanzu ba a sami aiwatar da su ta zahiri ba.
Ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin sadarwar Ma'ajiyar software
Idan ya zo ga aiki da kai, sassauƙa da ƙãra ƙarfin ajiya haɗe tare da ƙãra ingancin ma'aikata, ƙarin masana'antu suna la'akari da canzawa zuwa abin da ake kira ma'anar ma'ajin ajiya na software ko SDS (Ma'ajiyar Ƙa'idar Software).
Babban fasalin fasahar SDS shine rabuwa da kayan aiki daga software: wato, yana nufin . Bugu da ƙari, ba kamar na al'ada na cibiyar sadarwa da aka haɗa ma'auni (NAS) ko tsarin cibiyar sadarwa na yanki (SAN), an ƙirƙira SDS don aiki akan kowane daidaitaccen tsarin x86. Sau da yawa, makasudin tura SDS shine haɓaka kashe kuɗin aiki (OpEx) yayin da ake buƙatar ƙarancin ƙoƙarin gudanarwa.
Ƙarfin kayan aikin HDD zai ƙaru zuwa 32 TB
Na'urorin ma'ajiyar maganadisu na al'ada ba su mutu kwata-kwata ba, amma kawai suna fuskantar farfadowar fasaha. HDDs na zamani sun riga sun ba masu amfani har zuwa TB 16 na ajiyar bayanai. A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, wannan ƙarfin zai ninka. A lokaci guda, faifan diski za su ci gaba da kasancewa mafi arha ma'ajiyar damar bazuwar kuma za su riƙe fifikonsu a farashin gigabyte na sararin faifai na shekaru masu zuwa.
Ƙarfin ƙarfin zai dogara ne akan fasahar da aka riga aka sani:
- Jirgin helium (helium yana rage ja da tashin hankali, yana ba da damar shigar da ƙarin faranti na maganadisu a cikin tuƙi; samar da zafi da amfani da wutar lantarki ba sa ƙaruwa);
- Thermomagnetic tafiyarwa (ko HAMR HDD, bayyanar da ake sa ran a cikin 2021 da aka gina a kan ka'idar na microwave data rikodi, lokacin da wani sashe na faifai aka mai tsanani da Laser da remagnetized);
- HDD dangane da rikodi mai tayal (ko SMR drives, inda ake sanya waƙoƙin bayanai a saman juna, cikin sigar tayal; wannan yana tabbatar da yawan rikodi na bayanai).
Abubuwan tafiyar helium suna buƙatar musamman a cibiyoyin bayanan girgije, kuma SMR HDDs sun fi dacewa don adana manyan ɗakunan ajiya da ɗakunan karatu, samun dama da sabunta bayanan da ba a buƙata sau da yawa. Hakanan sun dace don ƙirƙirar madadin.
Direbobin NVMe zasu zama ma sauri
An haɗa na'urorin SSD na farko zuwa uwayen uwa ta hanyar SATA ko SAS dubawa, amma an ƙirƙiri waɗannan mu'amala fiye da shekaru 10 da suka gabata don faifan magnetic HDD. Ƙa'idar NVMe ta zamani ita ce ƙa'idar sadarwa mafi ƙarfi da aka tsara don tsarin da ke ba da saurin sarrafa bayanai. Sakamakon haka, a lokacin 2019-2020 muna ganin raguwar farashin NVMe SSDs, waɗanda ke samuwa ga kowane aji na masu amfani. A cikin ɓangaren kamfanoni, hanyoyin NVMe suna da ƙima musamman ta waɗancan kamfanoni waɗanda ke buƙatar nazarin manyan bayanai a cikin ainihin lokaci.
Kamfanoni kamar Kingston da Samsung sun riga sun nuna abin da masu amfani da kasuwancin za su iya tsammani a cikin 2020: duk muna jiran PCIe 4.0-kunna NVMe SSDs don ƙara ƙarin saurin sarrafa bayanai zuwa cibiyar bayanai. Ayyukan da aka ayyana na sabbin samfuran shine 4,8 GB/s, kuma wannan yayi nisa da iyaka. Zamani masu zuwa za su iya samar da kayan aiki na 7 GB / s.
Tare da ƙayyadaddun NVMe-oF (ko NVMe akan Fabrics), ƙungiyoyi za su iya ƙirƙirar manyan cibiyoyin sadarwar ajiya tare da ƙarancin latency waɗanda za su yi gasa mai ƙarfi tare da cibiyoyin bayanan DAS (ko ma'ajiyar kai tsaye). A lokaci guda, ta yin amfani da NVMe-oF, ana sarrafa ayyukan I/O da kyau, yayin da latency ya yi daidai da tsarin DAS. Manazarta sun yi hasashen cewa tura tsarin da ke gudana akan ka'idar NVMe-oF zai yi sauri cikin sauri a cikin 2020.
Shin ƙwaƙwalwar QLC zata yi aiki a ƙarshe?
Quad Level Cell (QLC) NAND flash memory shima zai ga karuwar shahara a kasuwa. An gabatar da QLC a cikin 2019 don haka yana da ƙaramin tallafi a kasuwa. Wannan zai canza a cikin 2020, musamman a tsakanin kamfanonin da suka karɓi fasahar Fassarar Fassara ta Duniya ta LightOS (GFTL) don shawo kan ƙalubalen ƙalubale na QLC.
Dangane da hasashen manazarta, haɓakar tallace-tallace na kayan aikin SSD dangane da ƙwayoyin QLC zai karu da 10%, yayin da hanyoyin TLC za su “kama” 85% na kasuwa. Duk abin da mutum zai iya faɗi, QLC SSD har yanzu yana da nisa a cikin aiki idan aka kwatanta da TLC SSD kuma ba zai zama tushen cibiyoyin bayanai a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa ba.
A lokaci guda, ana sa ran farashin ƙwaƙwalwar walƙiya ta NAND zai tashi a cikin 2020, don haka mai siyar da SSD mai kula da Phison, alal misali, yana yin fare cewa hauhawar farashin zai ƙara tura kasuwar SSD ta mabukaci zuwa 4-bit flash -QLC NAND memory. Af, Intel yana shirin ƙaddamar da 144-Layer QLC mafita (maimakon samfuran Layer 96). To... da alama muna kan gaba don ƙara mayar da HDDs.
Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar SCM: gudun kusa da DRAM
An yi hasashen ɗaukar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar SCM (Ajiyayyen Ajiye) na shekaru da yawa, kuma 2020 na iya zama farkon farkon waɗannan tsinkaya a ƙarshe. Yayin da Intel Optane, Toshiba XL-Flash da Samsung Z-SSD na'urorin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sun riga sun shiga kasuwar kasuwancin, bayyanar su bai haifar da wani tasiri mai mahimmanci ba.
Na'urar Intel ta haɗu da halayen DRAM mai sauri amma mara ƙarfi tare da a hankali amma ma'ajiyar NAND mai tsayi. Wannan haɗin yana nufin haɓaka ikon masu amfani don yin aiki tare da manyan saitin bayanai, samar da duka saurin DRAM da ƙarfin NAND. Ƙwaƙwalwar SCM ba kawai sauri fiye da madadin tushen NAND ba: yana da sauri sau goma. Latency shine microse seconds, ba millise seconds ba.
Masana kasuwa sun lura cewa cibiyoyin bayanan da ke shirin yin amfani da SCM za a iyakance su ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa wannan fasaha za ta yi aiki ne kawai akan sabobin masu amfani da Intel Cascade Lake. Duk da haka, a ra'ayinsu, wannan ba zai zama abin tuntuɓe ba don dakatar da haɓakar haɓakawa zuwa cibiyoyin bayanai da ake da su don samar da saurin sarrafawa.
Daga hakikanin abin da ake iya gani zuwa gaba mai nisa
Ga yawancin masu amfani, ajiyar bayanai baya ƙunshi ma'anar "Armageddon mai ƙarfi." Amma ka yi tunani game da shi: mutane biliyan 3,7 da ke amfani da Intanet a halin yanzu suna samar da kusan bytes 2,5 na bayanai a kowace rana. Don biyan wannan bukata, ana buƙatar ƙarin cibiyoyin bayanai.
Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, nan da shekarar 2025, duniya a shirye take don aiwatar da bayanai na Zetabytes 160 a kowace shekara (wannan ya fi tauraro fiye da tauraro a cikin sararin da ake gani). Wataƙila a nan gaba dole ne mu rufe kowace murabba'in mita na duniya tare da cibiyoyin bayanai, in ba haka ba kamfanoni ba za su iya daidaitawa da irin wannan babban ci gaban bayanai ba. Ko... za ku bar wasu bayanai. Koyaya, akwai yuwuwar fasahohi masu ban sha'awa da yawa waɗanda zasu iya magance haɓakar matsalar yawan yawan bayanai.
Tsarin DNA a matsayin tushe don adana bayanai na gaba
Ba kamfanonin IT kadai ke neman sabbin hanyoyin adanawa da sarrafa bayanai ba, har ma da masana kimiyya da yawa. Aikin duniya shine tabbatar da adana bayanai na dubban shekaru. Masu bincike daga ETH Zurich, Switzerland, sun yi imanin cewa dole ne a sami mafita a cikin tsarin adana bayanan kwayoyin da ke cikin kowane tantanin halitta: DNA. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, an "ƙirƙira" wannan tsarin tun kafin bayyanar kwamfutar.
Matsalolin DNA suna da sarƙaƙƙiya, ƙanƙanta da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙima a matsayin masu ɗaukar bayanai: a cewar masana kimiyya, 455 Exabyte na bayanai za a iya rubutawa a cikin gram na DNA, inda 1 Ebyte yayi daidai da gigabytes biliyan. Gwaje-gwajen farko sun riga sun ba da damar yin rikodin bayanai na 83 KB a cikin DNA, bayan haka wani malami a Sashen Chemistry da Kimiyyar Halitta, Robert Grass, ya bayyana ra'ayin cewa a cikin sabbin shekaru goma fannin likitanci yana buƙatar haɗa kai sosai tare da. tsarin IT don haɓaka haɗin gwiwa a fagen fasahar rikodi da adana bayanai.
A cewar masana kimiyya, na'urorin adana bayanan kwayoyin halitta bisa sarƙoƙi na DNA na iya adana bayanai har tsawon shekaru miliyan kuma su ba da su daidai bisa buƙatun farko. Yana yiwuwa a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, yawancin faifai za su yi gwagwarmaya don daidai wannan damar: ikon dogaro da ƙarfi da adana bayanai na dogon lokaci.
Ba Swiss ba ne kaɗai ke aiki akan tsarin ajiya na tushen DNA ba. An tayar da wannan tambayar tun 1953, lokacin da Francis Crick ya gano heliks biyu na DNA. Amma a wannan lokacin, dan Adam kawai bai da isasshen ilimin irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen. Tunanin al'ada a cikin ajiyar DNA ya mayar da hankali kan haɗakar sabbin kwayoyin halittar DNA; daidaita jerin ragowa zuwa jerin nau'ikan tushe guda huɗu na DNA da ƙirƙirar isassun kwayoyin halitta don wakiltar duk lambobin da ake buƙatar adanawa. Don haka, a lokacin bazara na 2019, injiniyoyi daga kamfanin CATALOG sun sami nasarar yin rikodin 16 GB na Wikipedia na harshen Ingilishi cikin DNA da aka kirkira daga polymers na roba. Matsalar ita ce, wannan tsari yana da hankali kuma yana da tsada, wanda ke da matsala mai mahimmanci idan aka zo wurin ajiyar bayanai.
Ba DNA kadai ba...: na'urorin ajiyar kwayoyin halitta
Masu bincike daga Jami'ar Brown (Amurka) sun ce kwayar halittar DNA ba ita ce kawai zabin adana bayanan kwayoyin halitta har zuwa shekaru miliyan ba. Ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin metabolites kuma suna iya aiki azaman ma'ajiyar kwayoyin halitta. Lokacin da aka rubuta bayanai zuwa jeri na metabolites, kwayoyin suna fara hulɗa da juna kuma suna samar da sabbin kwayoyin halitta masu tsaka tsaki na lantarki waɗanda ke ɗauke da bayanan da aka rubuta a cikinsu.
Af, masu binciken ba su tsaya a nan ba kuma sun fadada tsarin kwayoyin halitta, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a kara yawan adadin bayanan da aka yi rikodin. Karanta irin waɗannan bayanai yana yiwuwa ta hanyar nazarin sinadarai. Abinda kawai mara kyau shine cewa aiwatar da irin wannan na'urar ajiyar kayan aiki ba ta yiwuwa a aikace, a waje da yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Wannan ci gaba ne kawai na gaba.
Ƙwaƙwalwar gani na 5D: juyin juya hali a ajiyar bayanai
Wani wurin ajiyar gwaji na masu haɓakawa ne daga Jami'ar Southampton, Ingila. A ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar sabon tsarin ajiya na dijital wanda zai iya ɗaukar miliyoyin shekaru, masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙira wani tsari don yin rikodin bayanai akan ƙaramin faifan quartz wanda ya dogara akan rikodin bugun bugun femtosecond. An tsara tsarin ajiya don adanawa da ajiyar sanyi na manyan kundin bayanai kuma an kwatanta shi azaman ajiya mai girma biyar.
Me yasa mai girma biyar? Gaskiyar ita ce, bayanan suna ɓoye a cikin yadudduka da yawa, gami da na yau da kullun uku. Zuwa waɗannan ma'auni an ƙara ƙarin biyu-girma da daidaitawar nanot. Ƙarfin bayanan da za a iya yin rikodin akan irin wannan ƙaramin-drive ya kai 100 Petabytes, kuma rayuwar ajiyar ita ce shekaru biliyan 13,8 a yanayin zafi har zuwa 190 ° C. Matsakaicin zafin zafin da diski zai iya jurewa shine 982 ° C. A takaice ... yana da a zahiri har abada!
Aikin Jami'ar Southampton kwanan nan ya dauki hankalin Microsoft, wanda shirin ajiyar girgije, Project Silica, yana da nufin sake tunani fasahar ajiya na yanzu. Bisa ga hasashen "ƙananan-laushi", ta 2023 fiye da 100 Zetabytes na bayanai za a adana a cikin gajimare, don haka ko da manyan tsarin ajiya za su fuskanci matsaloli.
Don ƙarin bayani game da samfuran Fasaha na Kingston, da fatan za a ziyarci gidan yanar gizon kamfanin.
source: www.habr.com