Kimanin shekara guda da ta wuce na buga labarin . Ya bincika fa'ida da rashin amfani na ayyuka daban-daban don wasan caca akan kwamfutoci masu rauni. Na gwada kowane sabis yayin wasan kuma na raba ra'ayi na gaba ɗaya.
A cikin sharhin wannan da sauran labaran makamantan haka, masu karatu galibi suna musayar ra'ayoyinsu game da ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban. Sau da yawa ana samun sabanin ra'ayi game da abu guda. Ga wasu, duk abin da yake cikakke ne, amma ga wasu, ba za su iya yin wasa ba saboda raguwa da daskarewa. Sannan ina da ra'ayin kimanta ingancin waɗannan ayyuka a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban - daga manufa zuwa muni. Muna magana ne game da ingancin cibiyoyin sadarwa, saboda mai amfani ba zai iya yin alfahari da tashar sadarwa mai sauri da sauri ba, daidai? Gabaɗaya, a ƙarƙashin yanke shine ƙima na sabis tare da kwaikwaiyo na ingancin aikin cibiyar sadarwa daban-daban.
Menene matsalar?
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama - azaman haɗi. Mafi daidai, a cikin asarar fakiti yayin wasan. Yawancin hasarar da aka samu, yawancin matsalolin da dan wasan ke da shi, rashin gamsuwa da wasan. Amma yana da wuya cewa kowa yana da kyakkyawar hanyar sadarwa kamar fiber optic zuwa na'urar, kuma tare da Intanet mai sadaukarwa maimakon rabawa tsakanin duk mazaunan ginin gida.
Don tunani, tare da saurin haɗin kai na 25 Mbit/s, ana buƙatar fakitin bayanai 1-40 don watsa firam/frame 50. Yawancin fakitin da aka rasa, ƙarancin ingancin hoton ya zama, kuma ana iya lura da lak da daskarewa. A cikin lokuta masu tsanani musamman, ya zama ba zai yiwu a yi wasa ba.
A dabi'a, sabis na girgije da kansa ba zai iya rinjayar nisa da kwanciyar hankali na tashar mai amfani ba (ko da yake hakan zai yi kyau, ba shakka). Amma yana yiwuwa a yi hasashen hanyoyi daban-daban don daidaita matsalolin sadarwa. Za mu ga a ƙasa waɗanne ayyuka ne ke magance matsalar mafi kyau.
Menene ainihin abin da muke kwatantawa?
PC na yau da kullun (Intel i3-8100, GTX 1060 6 GB, 8GB RAM), GeForce Yanzu (Sigar ta Rasha tare da sabobin a Moscow), , , , . A kan duk ayyuka ban da Stadia, muna nazarin ingancin wasan a cikin The Witcher. Google Stadia ba shi da wannan wasan a lokacin rubutu, don haka sai na gwada wani - Odyssey.
Menene yanayin gwaji da hanyoyin?
Mun gwada daga Moscow. Mai bayarwa - MGTS, jadawalin kuɗin fito 500 Mbit/s, haɗin kebul, ba WiFi ba. Mun saita saitunan ingancin zane a cikin sabis zuwa tsoho, ƙuduri - FullHD.
Amfani da shirin Muna kwatanta matsalolin hanyar sadarwa, wato, asarar fakiti iri-iri da girma dabam.
Asarar Uniform guda ɗaya. Wannan shine lokacin da fakiti 1 kawai aka rasa kuma ana rarraba asarar fiye ko žasa daidai. Don haka, rashin daidaituwa na 10% yana nufin cewa daga cikin fakiti 100, kowane fakiti na 10 ya ɓace, amma koyaushe fakiti 1 kawai. Matsalar yawanci tana bayyana kanta lokacin da akwai murdiya (garkuwa) akan tashar daga abokin ciniki zuwa uwar garken.
Muna gwada asarar uniform na 5%, 10%, 25%.
Asarar da ba ta dace ba, lokacin da a kowane lokaci fakiti 40-70 a jere suka ɓace nan da nan. Irin waɗannan asara galibi suna faruwa ne lokacin da akwai matsaloli tare da kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa (masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa, da sauransu) na mai amfani ko mai bayarwa. Maiyuwa a haɗa shi da buffer ambaliya na kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa akan layin sadarwar mai amfani da uwar garken. WiFi mai kauri mai kauri kuma yana iya haifar da irin wannan asara. Cunkoso na hanyar sadarwa mara igiyar waya saboda kasancewar na'urori masu yawa wani dalili ne, na al'ada ga ofisoshi da gine-gine.
Muna gwada asarar da ba ta dace ba na 0,01%, 0,1%, 0,5%.
A ƙasa na bincika duk waɗannan lokuta kuma in haɗa kwatancen bidiyo don tsabta. Kuma a ƙarshen labarin na samar da hanyar haɗi zuwa bidiyo mai sauƙi, wanda ba a daidaita shi ba daga duk ayyuka da shari'o'i - a can za ku iya kallon kayan tarihi dalla-dalla, da kuma bayanan fasaha (a cikin duk sabis ban da Stadia, bayanai daga fasaha na fasaha). an yi rikodin na'ura wasan bidiyo; Stadia bai sami irin wannan ba).
Bari mu tafi!
A ƙasa akwai yanayin gwajin damuwa guda 7 da bidiyo mai tambarin lokaci (bidiyo iri ɗaya ne, don dacewa, a kowane lokaci kallo yana farawa daga daidai lokacin). A ƙarshen post ɗin su ne ainihin bidiyoyi na kowane sabis ɗin. Aboki nagari ya taimake ni yin bidiyon, wanda na gode masa!
Halin #1. Ingantattun yanayi. Asarar sifili a cikin hanyar sadarwa
Komai yana yadda ya kamata a cikin kyakkyawar duniya. Babu matsalolin haɗin gwiwa, ba hutu ɗaya, babu tsangwama, wurin shiga ku shine fitilar Intanet. A cikin irin wannan yanayin hothouse, kusan duk mahalarta gwajin suna yin kyau.
PC
Ga kowane yanayi, mun ɗauki hotuna daga wasan PC azaman tunani. A bayyane yake cewa ingancin hanyar sadarwar ba ya shafar ta ta kowace hanya; wasan yana gudana akan PC a cikin gida. Kasancewar waɗannan firam ɗin yana amsa tambayar "akwai bambanci lokacin wasa a cikin gajimare idan aka kwatanta da wasa akan PC ɗinku." A ƙarƙashin kyakkyawan yanayi, a cikin yanayinmu, yawancin ayyuka ba sa jin wannan. Ba za mu rubuta komai game da PC ɗin da ke ƙasa ba, kawai ku tuna cewa akwai.
GeForce Yanzu
Komai yana da kyau, hoton a bayyane yake, tsarin yana tafiya lafiya, ba tare da friezes ba.
Vortex
Vortex yana lalata duniyar mu mai kyau. Nan da nan ya fara samun matsaloli - hoton ya fi sauran duka, kuma "birki" sun kasance a bayyane. Matsala mai yuwuwa ita ce uwar garken wasan suna nesa da Moscow, tare da kayan aikin da ke kan sabobin wasan da alama sun yi rauni kuma baya ɗaukar FullHD da kyau. Vortex yayi rashin kyau a duk gwaje-gwaje. Idan wani yana da kyakkyawar gogewa ta wasa tare da Vortex, rubuta a cikin sharhi, raba inda kuka buga da yadda komai ya kasance.
Makullin wasa
Komai yana da kyau, kamar akan PC na gida. Matsalolin da ake iya gani kamar daskarewa, laka, da sauransu. A'a.
wasa mai ƙarfi
Sabis ɗin yana nuna kyakkyawan hoto, babu matsalolin bayyane.
Stadia
Sabis ɗin caca daga Google yana aiki daidai duk da cewa ba shi da sabobin a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, kuma gabaɗaya Stadia baya aiki a hukumance a Rasha. Duk da haka, duk abin da yake lafiya. Abin takaici ne, ba shakka, cewa "The Witcher" ba a samuwa a Stadia a lokacin wasan, amma abin da za ku iya yi, sun dauki "Odyssey" - kuma da wuya, kuma game da mutumin da ya sare mutane da dabbobi.
Yanayi Na 2. Asarar Uniform 5%
A cikin wannan gwajin, cikin fakiti 100, kusan kowane kashi 20 na ɓacewa. Bari in tunatar da ku cewa don yin firam ɗaya kuna buƙatar fakiti 40-50.
GeForce Yanzu
Sabis daga Nvidia yana da kyau, babu matsala. Hoton ya ɗan fi duhu fiye da na Playkey, amma The Witcher har yanzu ana iya kunnawa.
Vortex
A nan ne abubuwa suka kara ta'azzara. Me ya sa ba a fayyace gaba ɗaya ba; mai yuwuwa, ba a bayar da sakewa ba ko kaɗan ne. Redundancy shine rikodin bayanan da aka tura (FEC - Gyara Kuskuren Gaba). Wannan fasaha na dawo da bayanai lokacin da aka rasa wani bangare saboda matsalolin hanyar sadarwa. Ana iya aiwatar da shi da kuma daidaita shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma yin la'akari da sakamakon, masu kirkiro na Vortex ba su yi nasara a wannan ba. Ba za ku iya yin wasa ko da da ƙananan asara ba. A lokacin gwaje-gwaje na gaba, Vortex kawai "ya mutu."
Makullin wasa
Komai yana da kyau, babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci daga yanayin da ya dace. Wataƙila yana taimakawa cewa sabobin kamfanin suna cikin Moscow, inda aka gudanar da gwaje-gwaje. To, watakila aikin da aka ambata a sama ya fi dacewa.
wasa mai ƙarfi
Ba zato ba tsammani sabis ɗin ya zama ba za a iya yin wasa ba, duk da ƙarancin asarar fakiti. Menene zai iya zama kuskure? Zan ɗauka cewa Loudplay yana aiki tare da ka'idar TCP. A wannan yanayin, yayin da babu tabbacin samun fakitin, ba a aika wasu fakitin ba, tsarin yana jiran tabbatar da isarwa. Saboda haka, idan kunshin ya ɓace, ba za a sami tabbacin isar da shi ba, ba za a aika sabbin fakitin ba, hoton zai zama babu komai, ƙarshen labari.
Amma idan kun yi amfani da UDP, to ba za a buƙaci tabbatar da karɓar fakitin ba. Kamar yadda za a iya yanke hukunci, duk sauran ayyuka banda Loudplay suna amfani da ka'idar UDP. Idan ba haka bane, don Allah a gyara ni a cikin sharhi.
Stadia
Komai abin wasa ne. Wani lokaci hoton ya zama pixelated kuma akwai ƙarancin jinkirin amsawa. Wataƙila coding ɗin amo-immune ba ya aiki daidai, don haka ƙananan kayan tarihi lokacin da ake iya kunna rafi gabaɗaya.
Yanayi Na 3. Asarar Uniform 10%
Muna asarar kowane fakiti na 10 ga ɗari. Wannan ya riga ya zama ƙalubale ga ayyuka. Don magance irin wannan asarar yadda ya kamata, ana buƙatar fasaha don dawo da/ko sake aika bayanan da suka ɓace.
GeForce Yanzu
GeForce yana fuskantar ƴan faɗuwa cikin ingancin rafin bidiyo. Kamar yadda zamu iya fada, GFN yana amsa matsalolin hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar ƙoƙarin rage su. Sabis ɗin yana rage bitrate, wato, adadin rago don watsa bayanai. Ta wannan hanyar, yana ƙoƙari ya rage nauyin abin da ya yi imani da rashin isassun cibiyar sadarwa mai inganci da kuma kiyaye haɗin kai. Kuma da gaske babu tambayoyi game da kwanciyar hankali, amma ingancin bidiyo yana shan wahala sosai. Muna ganin mahimmancin pixelation na hoton. Da kyau, tun da samfurin yana ɗaukar asarar 10% na fakiti na yau da kullun, rage bitrate ba ya taimaka da gaske, yanayin baya komawa al'ada.
A cikin rayuwa ta ainihi, hoton ba zai zama marar kyau ba, amma yana iyo. Asara ta karu - hoton ya zama mara kyau; an rage hasara - hoton ya koma al'ada, da sauransu. Wannan ba shi da kyau ga ƙwarewar wasan, ba shakka.
Makullin wasa
Babu matsaloli na musamman. Wataƙila, algorithm yana gano matsalolin akan hanyar sadarwa, ƙayyade matakin hasara kuma ya fi mayar da hankali kan sakewa maimakon rage bitrate. Ya bayyana cewa tare da asarar uniform 10%, ingancin hoton ya kasance kusan ba canzawa, mai amfani ba zai iya lura da irin wannan asarar ba.
wasa mai ƙarfi
Ba ya aiki, kawai bai fara ba. Yayin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje lamarin ya sake maimaita kansa. Kamar yadda za'a iya yanke hukunci, wannan sabis ɗin baya dacewa da matsalolin cibiyar sadarwa ta kowace hanya. Wataƙila ka'idar TCP ce ke da laifi. Asara kaɗan za ta gurgunta sabis ɗin gaba ɗaya. Ba mai amfani sosai ga rayuwa ta ainihi ba, ba shakka.
Vortex
Hakanan manyan matsaloli. Ba za ku iya yin wasa a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi ba, kodayake hoton yana nan kuma halin yana ci gaba da gudana, ko da yake a cikin jerks. Ina tsammanin yana da duka game da wannan rashin aiwatar da rashin aikin yi ko rasa aikin. Yawancin fakiti suna ɓacewa kuma ba za a iya dawo dasu ba. Sakamakon haka, ingancin hoton yana raguwa zuwa matakin da ba za a iya wasa ba.
Stadia
Abin takaici, komai yana da kyau a nan. Akwai hutu a cikin kwarara, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa abubuwan da ke faruwa a kan allo ke faruwa a cikin jerks, yana sa ya zama da wuya a yi wasa. Ana iya ɗauka cewa matsalar ta taso, kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin Vortex, saboda ƙananan ko rashin sakewa. Na tuntubi wasu abokai biyu waɗanda ke “sanarwa”, sun ce da alama Stadia yana jiran a haɗa firam ɗin gabaɗaya. Ba kamar GFN ba, ba ƙoƙarin ceton lamarin ba ne ta hanyar rage yawan bitrate gaba ɗaya. A sakamakon haka, babu kayan tarihi, amma daskarewa kuma suna bayyana (GFN, akasin haka, yana da ƙarancin friezes / lags, amma saboda ƙarancin bitrate hoton ba shi da kyau).
Sauran ayyuka kuma da alama ba sa jira firam ɗin ya haɗa gaba ɗaya, suna maye gurbin ɓangaren da ya ɓace tare da guntun tsohuwar firam. Wannan kyakkyawan bayani ne, a mafi yawan lokuta mai amfani ba zai lura da kama ba (firam 30+ suna canzawa a sakan daya), kodayake wani lokacin kayan tarihi na iya faruwa.
Yanayi Na 4. Asarar Uniform 25%
Kowane fakiti na huɗu ya ɓace. Yana ƙara ban tsoro da ban sha'awa. Gabaɗaya, tare da irin wannan haɗin "leaky", wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun a cikin gajimare ba zai yiwu ba. Ko da yake wasu mahalarta kwatankwacin sun jure, kodayake ba daidai ba.
GFN
Matsalolin sun riga sun zama sananne sosai. Hoton yana da pixelated kuma blur. Har yanzu kuna iya wasa, amma sam ba abin da GFN ke bayarwa ba ne a farkon. Kuma ko shakka babu wannan ba shine yadda yakamata a buga kyawawan wasanni ba. Beauty ba za a iya yaba.
Makullin wasa
Wasan yana tafiya da kyau. Akwai santsi, kodayake hoton yana shan wahala kaɗan. Af, a saman hagu akwai lambobin da ke nuna adadin fakitin da aka kwato. Kamar yadda kuke gani, 96% na fakitin an dawo dasu.
wasa mai ƙarfi
Ba a fara ba.
Vortex
Ba za ku iya yin wasa ba har ma da sha'awa mai ƙarfi, daskarewa (daskare hoton, ci gaba da rafi na bidiyo daga sabon guntu) sun fi dacewa.
Stadia
A zahiri ba za a iya kunna sabis ɗin ba. An riga an ambata dalilan a sama. Jiran firam ɗin da za a haɗa shi, raguwa yana da kaɗan, tare da irin wannan asarar bai isa ba.
Halin #5. Rashin daidaituwa 0,01%.
Ga kowane fakiti 10, fakiti 000-1 sun ɓace a jere. Wato, muna asarar kusan 40 cikin 70 firam. Yana faruwa lokacin da buffer na na'urar cibiyar sadarwa ya cika kuma duk sabbin fakiti ana jefar da su kawai (a jefar) har sai an 'yantar da buffer. Duk mahalarta kwatanta, ban da Loudplay, sun yi aiki da irin wannan asarar zuwa mataki ɗaya ko wani.
GFN
Hoton ya rasa ɗan inganci kuma ya zama ɗan gajimare, amma komai yana da sauƙin wasa.
Makullin wasa
Komai yana da kyau sosai. Hoton yana santsi, hoton yana da kyau. Kuna iya wasa ba tare da matsala ba.
wasa mai ƙarfi
A cikin 'yan dakiku na farko akwai hoto, jarumin har da gudu. Amma haɗin da uwar garken ya ɓace kusan nan da nan. Oh, wannan ƙa'idar TCP. Asarar farko ta yanke sabis ɗin a tushen sa.
Vortex
Ana lura da matsalolin da aka saba. Friezes, lags kuma shi ke nan. Zai yi wuya a yi wasa a ƙarƙashin irin waɗannan yanayi.
Stadia
Mai iya wasa. Ana iya lura da ƙananan zane-zane, hoton wani lokacin pixelated.
Yanayi Na 6. Rashin daidaituwa 0,1%
Don fakiti 10, fakiti 000-10 a jere sun ɓace sau 40. Ya zama cewa muna rasa 70 daga cikin 10 Frames.
Zan ce nan da nan cewa yawancin ayyuka suna da matsaloli masu yiwuwa. Misali, hoton yana girgiza, don haka redundancy ba ya taimaka a nan. Wato, akwai tasiri mai kyau lokacin amfani da fasahar sakewa, amma ƙananan ne.
Gaskiyar ita ce lokacin amsawa ga ayyukan mai amfani da wasan kanta yana iyakance, rafin bidiyo dole ne ya ci gaba. Ba shi yiwuwa a mayar da rafi zuwa ingancin karɓuwa duk da ƙoƙarin ayyukan.
Abubuwan kayan tarihi sun bayyana (yunƙurin ramawa ga asarar fakiti, babu isassun bayanai) da jerks hoto.
GFN
Ingancin hoton ya ragu sosai, an rage bitrate a fili, kuma sosai.
Makullin wasa
Ya fi dacewa da kyau - mai yiwuwa saboda an daidaita aikin sakewa da kyau, tare da algorithm na bitrate yana ɗaukar asarar da ba ta da yawa kuma baya juya hoton zuwa ɓarna mai ƙima.
wasa mai ƙarfi
Ba a fara ba.
Vortex
Ya fara, amma tare da mummunan ingancin hoto. Jerks da subsidence suna da hankali sosai. Yana da wuya a yi wasa a ƙarƙashin irin waɗannan yanayi.
Stadia
Jerks suna bayyane a fili, wannan alama ce bayyananne cewa babu isasshen sakewa. Hoton ya daskare, sannan wasu firam suka bayyana, kuma rafin bidiyo ya karye. A ka'ida, za ku iya yin wasa idan kuna da sha'awar sha'awa da sha'awar asibiti zuwa azabtar da kai.
Yanayi Na 7. Rashin daidaituwa 0,5%
Don fakiti 10 sau 000, fakiti 50-40 sun ɓace a jere. Muna rasa firam 70 cikin 50.
Halin da ake ciki na ajin "cikakken tsari". Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tana haskakawa, ISP ɗinku yana ƙasa, beraye suna tauna wa wayoyin ku, amma har yanzu kuna son yin wasa a cikin gajimare. Wane sabis ya kamata ku zaɓa?
GFN
Ya riga ya kasance da wahala sosai, idan ba zai yiwu ba, yin wasa - bitrate ya ragu sosai. Frames sun ɓace, maimakon hoto na yau da kullun muna ganin "sabulu". Ba a maido da Frames - babu isassun bayanai don maidowa. Idan GFN ya tanadar don farfadowa kwata-kwata. Hanyar da sabis ɗin yayi ƙoƙari ya ceci halin da ake ciki tare da bitrates yana haifar da shakku game da shirye-shiryensa na yin aiki tare da sakewa.
Makullin wasa
Akwai murɗawar firam, ɓangarorin hoton, wato, ana maimaita abubuwan firam guda ɗaya. Ana iya ganin cewa yawancin firam ɗin "karshe" an dawo dasu daga guntun na baya. Wato, sabbin firam ɗin sun ƙunshi sassan tsoffin firam ɗin. Amma hoton ya fi ko žasa bayyananne. Kuna iya sarrafa shi, amma a cikin al'amuran motsa jiki, alal misali, a cikin fada, inda kuke buƙatar amsa mai kyau, yana da wuyar gaske.
wasa mai ƙarfi
Ba a fara ba.
Vortex
Ya fara, amma zai fi kyau kada a fara - ba za ku iya kunna shi ba.
Stadia
Ba za a iya kunna sabis a irin waɗannan yanayi ba. Dalilan sune buƙatar jira don haɗa firam ɗin da rashin ƙarfi mara kyau.
Wanene mai nasara?
Ƙididdiga, ba shakka, na zahiri ne. Kuna iya jayayya a cikin sharhi. To, wuri na farko, ba shakka, yana zuwa PC na gida. Daidai ne saboda sabis ɗin girgije yana da matuƙar kula da ingancin cibiyar sadarwa, kuma wannan ingancin ba shi da kwanciyar hankali a duniyar gaske, PC ɗinku na caca ya kasance mara ƙima. Amma idan saboda wasu dalilai ba a can, to, ku dubi rating.
- PC na gida. Wanda ake tsammani.
- Makullin wasa
- GeForce Yanzu
- Google Stadia
- Vortex
- wasa mai ƙarfi
A matsayin ƙarshe, bari in sake tunatar da ku abin da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasan gajimare dangane da juriya ga matsalolin hanyar sadarwa:
- Wace ka'idar hanyar sadarwa ake amfani da ita. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da UDP don watsa rafin bidiyo. Ina tsammanin Loudplay yana amfani da TCP, kodayake ban sani ba tabbas. Amma kun ga sakamakon gwajin.
- Ana aiwatar da coding mai jurewa amo? (FEC - Gyara Kuskuren Gaba, wanda kuma aka sani da redundancy). Yadda yake daidaitawa zuwa asarar fakiti shima yana da mahimmanci. Kamar yadda muka gani, ingancin hoton ya dogara sosai akan aiwatarwa.
- Yadda aka daidaita daidaitawar bitrate. Idan sabis ɗin ya adana yanayin da farko tare da bitrate, wannan yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi akan hoton. Makullin nasara shine ma'auni mai laushi tsakanin magudin bitrate da redundancy.
- Yadda aka saita bayan-aiki. Idan matsaloli sun taso, ko dai a sake saita firam ɗin, an dawo dasu, ko kuma a haɗa su tare da guntun tsoffin firam ɗin.
- Kusancin sabar zuwa yan wasa da ikon hardware Hakanan yana tasiri sosai akan ingancin wasan, amma wannan kuma gaskiya ne ga ingantaccen hanyar sadarwa. Idan ping zuwa sabobin ya yi tsayi da yawa, ba za ku iya yin wasa cikin kwanciyar hankali ba ko da a kan hanyar sadarwa mai kyau. Ba mu gwada ping a cikin wannan binciken ba.
Kamar yadda aka yi alkawari, ga hanyar haɗi zuwa.
source: www.habr.com