Don cikakken aiki tare da tsarin, ilimin abubuwan amfani da layin umarni yana da mahimmanci: a cikin yanayin Kubernetes, wannan shine kubectl. A gefe guda, ƙira da kyau, musaya na hoto mai tunani na iya yin aikiоyawancin ayyukan da aka saba da su kuma suna buɗe ƙarin dama don aiki na tsarin.
A bara mun buga fassarar don Kubernetes, lokacin da aka yi daidai da sanarwar haɗin yanar gizon . Marubucin wannan labarin da kuma mai amfani kanta, Henning Jacobs daga Zalando, kawai sanya sabon samfurin a matsayin "kubectl don gidan yanar gizo". Ya so ya haifar da kayan aiki tare da damar masu amfani don yin hulɗa a cikin tsarin tallafi na fasaha (alal misali, da sauri nuna matsala tare da hanyar haɗin yanar gizo) da kuma amsawa ga abubuwan da suka faru, neman matsaloli a cikin gungu da yawa a lokaci guda. Zuriyarsa tana tasowa a halin yanzu (yawanci ta ƙoƙarin marubucin da kansa).
Yayin da muke hidimar gungu na Kubernetes masu girma dabam dabam, muna kuma sha'awar samun damar samar da kayan aiki na gani ga abokan cinikinmu. Lokacin zabar hanyar dubawa mai dacewa, waɗannan fasalulluka sun kasance maɓalli a gare mu:
- goyon baya don bambanta haƙƙin mai amfani (RBAC);
- hangen nesa na jihar suna da daidaitattun abubuwan farko na Kubernetes (Tsarin, StatefulSet, Sabis, Cronjob, Aiki, Ingress, ConfigMap, Sirrin, PVC);
- samun damar yin amfani da layin umarni a cikin kwasfa;
- duba rajistan ayyukan kwasfa;
- duba halin da ake ciki (
describe status); - cire kwasfa.
Sauran ayyuka, kamar duba albarkatun da ake cinyewa (a cikin mahallin kwasfan fayiloli / masu sarrafawa / wuraren suna), ƙirƙira / gyara tsoffin abubuwan K8s, ba su dace da aikinmu ba.
Za mu fara bitar tare da classic Kubernetes Dashboard, wanda shine mizanin mu. Tun da duniya ba ta tsaya cik ba (wanda ke nufin cewa Kubernetes yana da ƙarin sabbin GUIs), za mu kuma yi magana game da madadinta na yanzu, taƙaita komai a cikin tebur kwatanci a ƙarshen labarin.
NB: A cikin bita, ba za mu maimaita tare da waɗancan hanyoyin da aka riga aka yi la'akari da su ba , duk da haka, saboda cikar, zaɓuɓɓukan da suka dace daga gare ta (K8Dash, Octant, Kubernetes Web View) an haɗa su a cikin tebur na ƙarshe.
1. Kubernetes Dashboard
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- (8000+ GitHub taurari);
- Lasisi: Apache 2.0;
- A takaice: “Universal web interface for Kubernetes clusters. Yana ba masu amfani damar sarrafawa da magance aikace-aikacen da ke gudana a cikin gungu, da kuma sarrafa tarin kanta. "
Wannan babban kwamiti ne na manufa na gabaɗaya wanda marubutan Kubernetes suka rufe a cikin takaddun hukuma (amma tsoho). An tsara shi don buƙatun aiki na yau da kullun da kuma lalata aikace-aikace a cikin tari. A gida, muna amfani da shi azaman kayan aikin gani mai cikakken nauyi mai nauyi wanda ke ba mu damar samar da masu haɓakawa da dacewa da isashen damar shiga tari. Ƙarfin sa ya ƙunshi duk buƙatun su da suka taso a cikin tsarin amfani da tari (cikin Mun nuna wasu fasalulluka na panel). Kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, wannan yana nufin yana biyan duk buƙatun mu da aka jera a sama.
Daga cikin manyan fasalulluka na Dashboard Kubernetes:
- Kewayawa: duba manyan abubuwan K8s a cikin mahallin wuraren suna.
- Idan kana da haƙƙin mai gudanarwa, kwamitin yana nuna nodes, wuraren suna, da Ƙaƙƙarfan Ƙirarriya. Don nodes, ana samun ƙididdiga akan amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, processor, rabon albarkatu, awo, matsayi, abubuwan da suka faru, da sauransu.
- Duba aikace-aikacen da aka tura a cikin sararin suna ta nau'in su (Tsarin, StatefulSet, da sauransu), alaƙa tsakanin su (ReplicaSet, Horizontal Pod Autoscaler), ƙididdiga na gabaɗaya da keɓaɓɓen bayanai da bayanai.
- Duba ayyuka da Ƙaddamarwa, da alaƙar su tare da kwasfa da wuraren ƙarewa.
- Duba abubuwan fayil da ma'ajiya: Ƙarfin Ƙarfi da Da'awar Ƙarar Dagewa.
- Duba ku shirya ConfigMap da Asirin.
- Duba rajistan ayyukan.
- Samun layin umarni a cikin kwantena.
Babban koma baya (duk da haka, ba a gare mu ba) shine cewa babu wani tallafi don aikin tari da yawa. Al'umma ce ta haɓaka aikin kuma tana kiyaye abubuwan da suka dace tare da sakin sabbin sigogi da ƙayyadaddun API na Kubernetes: sabon sigar kwamitin shine. Mayu 22, 2020 - An gwada don dacewa tare da Kubernetes 1.18.
2. Lensuna
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- (~ 4800 GitHub taurari);
- Lasisi: MIT;
- A takaice: "Kubernetes IDE".
An sanya aikin a matsayin cikakken yanayin haɓaka haɓakawa (IDE) don Kubernetes. Bugu da ƙari, an inganta shi don yin aiki tare da gungu da yawa da kuma babban adadin kwasfa da ke gudana a cikinsu (an gwada su akan 25 pods).
Babban fasali/abun iyawar Lens:
- Aikace-aikace na tsaye wanda baya buƙatar shigar da komai a cikin tari (mafi daidai, Prometheus za a buƙaci don samun duk ma'auni, amma ana iya amfani da shigarwar data kasance don wannan). Ana yin shigarwar “babban” akan kwamfuta mai amfani da Linux, macOS ko Windows.
- Gudanar da tari da yawa (daruruwan gungu ana tallafawa).
- Kallon yanayin gungun a ainihin lokacin.
- Hotunan amfani da albarkatu da abubuwan da ke faruwa tare da tarihi dangane da ginannen Prometheus.
- Samun dama ga layin umarni na kwantena da kuma kan nodes ɗin tari.
- Cikakken tallafi don Kubernetes RBAC.
Saki na yanzu - kwanan wata Yuni 16, 2020 Asalin Kontena ya ƙirƙira, a yau an mayar da duk dukiyar ilimi zuwa ƙungiya ta musamman. , wanda ake kira "Ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru da masu fasaha ", wanda ke da alhakin "tsara da samuwa na Kontena's Open Source software da samfurori."
Lens shine aikin mashahuri na biyu akan GitHub daga GUI don nau'in Kubernetes, "rasa" kawai Kubernets Dashboard kanta. Duk sauran hanyoyin buɗe tushen tushen ba daga nau'in CLI* ba suna da ƙarancin shahara a cikin shahara.
* Duba game da K9s a cikin ɓangaren kari na bita.
3. Kubernetic
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- (200+ GitHub taurari);
- Lasisi: na mallaka;
- A takaice: "An yi sauƙin sarrafa tari."
Wannan aikace-aikacen mallakar mallaka ne wanda aka shigar akan kwamfuta na sirri (Linux, macOS, Windows ana tallafawa). Mawallafansa sun yi alkawarin cikakken maye gurbin mai amfani da layin umarni, kuma tare da shi - babu buƙatar tunawa da umarni har ma da karuwa sau goma a cikin sauri.
Ɗaya daga cikin fasalulluka masu ban sha'awa na kayan aiki shine ginanniyar goyan baya ga ginshiƙi na Helm, kuma ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke da alaƙa shine rashin ma'aunin aikin aikace-aikacen.
Babban fasali na Kubernetic:
- Kyakkyawan nuni na matsayin tari. allo ɗaya don duba duk abubuwan tari masu alaƙa da abubuwan dogaronsu; Matsayin shirye-shiryen ja / kore don duk abubuwa; Yanayin duba halin tari tare da sabunta matsayin ainihin lokaci.
- Maɓallan ayyuka masu sauri don sharewa da daidaita aikace-aikacen.
- Taimako don aiki mai tarin yawa.
- Sauƙaƙan aiki tare da wuraren suna.
- Taimako don sigogin Helm da ma'ajiyar Helm (ciki har da masu zaman kansu). Shigarwa da sarrafa sigogi a cikin mahaɗin yanar gizo.
Farashin samfurin na yanzu shine biyan kuɗi na Yuro 30 na lokaci ɗaya don amfani da mutum ɗaya don kowane adadin wuraren suna da tari.
4. Kubevious
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- (~ 500 GitHub taurari);
- Lasisi: Apache 2.0
- A takaice: "Kubevious yana sa Kubernetes gungu, tsarin aikace-aikacen da kallon matsayi mai aminci da sauƙin fahimta."
Manufar aikin shine ƙirƙirar kayan aiki da aka ƙera don tantancewa da kuma cire saitunan aikace-aikacen da aka tura a cikin tari. Mawallafa sun fi mayar da hankali kan aiwatar da waɗannan fasalulluka, suna barin ƙarin abubuwa na gaba ɗaya na gaba.
Babban fasali da ayyuka na Kubevious:
- Hannun tari ta hanya mai mahimmancin aikace-aikace: abubuwa masu alaƙa a cikin mu'amala an haɗa su, suna jeri a cikin matsayi.
- Nuni na gani na abubuwan dogaro a cikin jeri da sakamakon sauye-sauyen su.
- Nuna kurakuran daidaitawa ta gungu: rashin amfani da lakabi, tashar jiragen ruwa da aka rasa, da sauransu. (Af, idan kuna sha'awar wannan fasalin, kula da shi game da wanda muke .)
- Baya ga batun da ya gabata, ana samun gano kwantena masu haɗari, watau. samun gata da yawa (halaye
hostPID,hostNetwork,hostIPC, hawadocker.sockda sauransu). - Babban tsarin bincike don gungu (ba kawai ta sunayen abubuwa ba, har ma da kaddarorin su).
- Kayan aiki don tsara iyawa da inganta kayan aiki.
- Gina-in "na'urar lokaci" (ikon ganin canje-canje na baya a cikin daidaitawar abubuwa).
- Gudanar da RBAC tare da tebur mai alaƙa na Matsayi, RoleBindings, Accounts Service.
- Yana aiki tare da gungu ɗaya kawai.
Aikin yana da ɗan gajeren tarihi (sakin farko ya faru ne a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 2020) kuma da alama an sami lokaci na ko dai daidaitawa ko raguwar ci gaba. Idan an sake fitar da sifofin da suka gabata akai-akai, to sabon saki ( Afrilu 15, 2020) ya koma baya a farkon saurin ci gaba. Wannan yana yiwuwa saboda ƙananan masu ba da gudummawa: akwai 4 kawai a cikin tarihin ma'ajin, kuma duk ainihin aikin mutum ɗaya ne ya yi.
5. Kubewise
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- Lasisi: mallakar mallaka (zai zama Buɗe tushen);
- A takaice: "A sauƙaƙe abokin ciniki da yawa don Kubernetes."
Wani sabon samfuri daga VMware, asali an ƙirƙira shi azaman ɓangare na hackathon na ciki (a cikin Yuni 2019). An shigar a kan kwamfuta na sirri, yana aiki akan tushen (Linux, macOS da Windows suna tallafawa) kuma yana buƙatar kubectl v1.14.0 ko kuma daga baya.
Babban fasali na Kubewise:
- Mu'amalar mu'amala tare da abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su Kubernetes: nodes, wuraren suna, da sauransu.
- Taimako don fayilolin kubeconfig da yawa don gungu daban-daban.
- Tasha tare da ikon saita canjin yanayi
KUBECONFIG. - Ƙirƙirar fayilolin kubeconfig na al'ada don sararin suna.
- Babban fasali na tsaro (RBAC, kalmomin shiga, asusun sabis).
Ya zuwa yanzu, aikin yana da saki ɗaya kawai - sigar ranar 26 ga Nuwamba, 2019. Bugu da ƙari, marubutan sun yi shirin sake shi nan da nan a matsayin Buɗaɗɗen Tushen, amma saboda matsalolin ciki (ba su da alaka da fasaha) ba za su iya yin wannan ba. Tun daga watan Mayu 2020, marubutan suna aiki akan sakin gaba kuma yakamata su fara aiwatar da tsarin buɗe lambar a lokaci guda.
6. OpenShift Console
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- (~ 150 GitHub taurari);
- Lasisi: Apache 2.0;
- A takaice: "UI don OpenShift Clusters".
Duk da cewa wannan haɗin yanar gizon wani ɓangare ne na rarraba OpenShift (an shigar da shi a can ta amfani da shi ), marubuta da ikon shigar / amfani da shi a cikin al'ada (vanilla) Kubernetes shigarwa.
OpenShift Console ya daɗe yana ci gaba, don haka ya haɗa fasali da yawa. Za mu ambaci manyan:
- Hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa - "hanyoyi" biyu na yuwuwar samuwa a cikin Console: na masu gudanarwa da na masu haɓakawa. Yanayin hangen zaman gaba Ƙungiyoyin abubuwa a cikin wani nau'i wanda ya fi fahimtar masu haɓakawa (ta aikace-aikace) kuma suna mai da hankali kan hanyar sadarwa don magance irin waɗannan ayyuka na yau da kullum kamar ƙaddamar da aikace-aikace, bin diddigin ginin / tura matsayi, har ma da editan lambar ta hanyar Eclipse Che.
- Gudanar da nauyin aiki, hanyar sadarwa, ajiya, haƙƙin shiga.
- Rabuwar ma'ana don nauyin aiki cikin ayyuka da aikace-aikace. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin sabbin fitowar - v4.3 - na musamman dashboard aikin, wanda ke nuna bayanan da aka saba (lamba da matsayi na turawa, kwasfa, da sauransu; amfani da albarkatu da sauran ma'auni) a cikin yanki na aikin.
- Sabuntawa a ainihin lokacin nunin yanayin tari, canje-canje (abubuwan da suka faru) waɗanda suka faru a ciki; duban rajistan ayyukan.
- Duba bayanan sa ido bisa Prometheus, Alertmanager da Grafana.
- Gudanar da ma'aikata da aka wakilta a ciki .
- Sarrafa ginin da ke gudana ta hanyar Docker (daga ƙayyadaddun ma'ajiya tare da Dockerfile), ko abubuwan amfani na waje na sabani.
NB: Ba mu ƙara wasu zuwa kwatanta ba Rarraba Kubernetes (misali, mafi ƙarancin sanannun ): duk da cewa GUI na iya samun ci gaba sosai a cikin su, yawanci yakan zo a matsayin wani ɓangare na haɗaɗɗen tari na babban tsarin. Koyaya, idan kuna tunanin cewa babu isassun mafita waɗanda ke aiki cikakke a cikin shigarwar vanilla K8s, sanar da mu a cikin sharhi.
Bonus
1. Portainer akan Kubernetes a cikin Beta
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- (~ 100 GitHub taurari);
- Lasisi: Zlib(?) (daidai don aikin iyaye).
Wani aiki daga ƙungiyar Portainer, wanda ya haɓaka sanannen ƙirar suna iri ɗaya don aiki tare da Docker. Tun da aikin yana a farkon matakin ci gaba (na farko kuma kawai sigar beta Afrilu 16, 2020), ba mu kimanta fasalin sa ba. Duk da haka, yana iya zama abin sha'awa ga mutane da yawa: idan wannan game da ku ne, bi ci gaba.
2. IcePanel
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- Lasisi: na mallaka;
- A takaice: "Visual Kubernetes Editan".
Wannan matashin aikace-aikacen tebur yana da nufin hange da sarrafa albarkatun Kubernetes a cikin ainihin lokaci tare da sauƙin ja & faduwa. Abubuwan da ake tallafawa a halin yanzu sune Pod, Sabis, Aiki, StatefulSet, PersistentVolume, PersistentVolumeClaim, ConfigMap da Asirin. Ba da daɗewa ba sun yi alkawarin ƙara tallafi ga Helm. Babban rashin amfani shine kusancin lambar (ana tsammanin ) da kuma rashin tallafin Linux (har zuwa yanzu nau'ikan Windows da macOS kawai suna samuwa, kodayake wannan ma yana yiwuwa kawai lokaci ne).
3.k9s
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- (~ 7700 GitHub taurari);
- Lasisi: Apache 2.0;
- A taƙaice: "Maɓallin wasan bidiyo don Kubernetes wanda ke ba ku damar sarrafa tarin ku cikin salo."
Abin amfani kawai yana cikin ɓangaren kari na bita saboda yana ba da GUI na wasan bidiyo. Koyaya, marubutan a zahiri sun matse matsakaicin matsakaicin daga tashar, suna ba da keɓance mai sauƙin amfani kawai, har ma da jigogi 6 da aka riga aka ƙayyade, da ingantaccen tsarin gajerun hanyoyin keyboard da laƙabi. Cikakken tsarin su bai iyakance ga bayyanar ba: fasalulluka na k9s suna da ban sha'awa sosai: sarrafa kayan aiki, nuna yanayin tari, nuna albarkatu a cikin wakilcin matsayi tare da abin dogaro, rajistan ayyukan dubawa, tallafin RBAC, haɓaka iyawa ta hanyar plugins ... Duk wannan ya burge. zuwa ga al'ummar K8s mai fadi: lambar Taurarin GitHub na aikin sun kusan yin kyau kamar Dashboard Kubernetes!
4. Aikace-aikacen kula da bangarori
Kuma a karshen bita - wani raba mini-categori. Ya haɗa da musaya na yanar gizo guda biyu waɗanda aka tsara ba don cikakkiyar kulawar gungu na Kubernetes ba, amma don sarrafa abin da aka tura a cikinsu.
Kamar yadda kuka sani, ɗayan mafi balagagge kuma yadu kayan aikin don tura hadaddun aikace-aikace a Kubernetes shine Helm. Tsawon lokacin wanzuwar sa, fakiti da yawa (Chanshiyoyin Helm) sun taru don sauƙin turawa . Don haka, bayyanar kayan aikin gani da suka dace waɗanda ke ba ku damar gudanar da zagayowar ginshiƙi yana da ma'ana sosai.
4.1. Monocular
- (1300+ GitHub taurari);
- Lasisi: Apache 2.0;
- A takaice: “Aikace-aikacen gidan yanar gizo don bincike da gano ginshiƙi na Helm a cikin ma'ajiyoyi da yawa. Yana aiki a matsayin tushen aikin cibiyar cibiyar Helm."
An shigar da wannan ci gaba daga marubutan Helm a Kubernetes kuma yana aiki a cikin gungu ɗaya, yana yin aikin. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu, aikin kusan bai inganta ba. Babban manufarsa shine tallafawa wanzuwar Helm Hub. Don wasu buƙatu, marubutan suna ba da shawarar Kubeapps (duba ƙasa) ko Red Hat Automation Broker (ɓangare na OpenShift, amma kuma ba a haɓaka ba).
4.2. Kubeapps
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- (~ 2100 GitHub taurari);
- Lasisi: Apache 2.0
- A takaice: "Dashboard ɗin aikace-aikacen ku don Kubernetes."
Samfuri daga Bitnami, wanda kuma aka shigar a cikin gungu na Kubernetes, amma ya bambanta da Monocular a farkon mayar da hankali kan aiki tare da ma'ajiyar sirri.
Maɓallai ayyuka da fasalulluka na Kubeapps:
- Duba ku shigar da ginshiƙi na Helm daga wuraren ajiya.
- Bincika, sabuntawa, da cire aikace-aikacen tushen Helm da aka sanya akan gungu.
- Goyon baya ga ma'ajiyar ginshiƙi na al'ada da masu zaman kansu (yana goyan bayan ChartMuseum da JFrog Artifatory).
- Dubawa da aiki tare da sabis na waje - daga Kas ɗin Sabis da Dillalan Sabis.
- Buga shigar da aikace-aikace ta amfani da injin Katalogin Sabis.
- Taimako don tantancewa da kuma raba haƙƙoƙin ta amfani da RBAC.
Takaita tebur
A ƙasa akwai tebur taƙaice wanda a cikinsa muka yi ƙoƙarin taƙaitawa da tara manyan abubuwan da ke akwai don sauƙaƙe kwatance:
(Sigar kan layi na tebur .)
ƙarshe
GUIs don Kubernetes ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun alkuki ne kuma matasa. Duk da haka, yana tasowa sosai: yana yiwuwa a sami duka mafita balagagge, da kuma matasa, wanda har yanzu yana da dakin girma. Suna kula da aikace-aikace iri-iri, suna ba da fasali da kamanni don dacewa da kusan kowane dandano. Muna fatan wannan bita zai taimaka muku zaɓi kayan aikin da ya dace da bukatun ku na yanzu.
PS
na gode don bayanan kan OpenShift Console don tebur kwatancen!
Karanta kuma a kan shafinmu:
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source: www.habr.com