A halin yanzu, ƙarin kamfanoni suna canja wurin kayan aikin su daga sabar kayan masarufi da na'urori masu kama da nasu zuwa gajimare. Wannan bayani yana da sauƙi don bayyanawa: babu buƙatar damuwa game da kayan aiki, gungu yana daidaitawa cikin sauƙi ta hanyoyi daban-daban ... kuma mafi mahimmanci, fasahar data kasance (kamar Kubernetes) yana ba da damar sauƙaƙe ikon sarrafa kwamfuta dangane da kaya. .
Batun kuɗi yana da mahimmanci koyaushe. An tsara kayan aikin da aka tattauna a cikin wannan labarin don taimakawa rage kasafin kuɗi lokacin amfani da kayan aikin girgije tare da Kubernetes.
Gabatarwar
Farawa ne na Californian daga Google, ƙirƙirar mafita don ƙididdige farashin ababen more rayuwa a cikin ayyukan girgije (a cikin gungu na Kubernetes + albarkatun da aka raba), neman ƙwanƙwasa a cikin saitunan tari da aika sanarwar da suka dace zuwa Slack.
Muna da abokan ciniki tare da Kubernetes duka a cikin sanannun AWS da GCP girgije, kuma, da wuya ga al'ummar Linux, Azure - gabaɗaya, akan duk dandamali da Kubecost ke tallafawa. Ga wasu daga cikinsu, muna ƙididdige farashi na ayyukan intra-cluster da kanmu (ta amfani da hanya mai kama da wadda Kubecost ke amfani da ita), da kuma saka idanu kan farashin kayan aiki da ƙoƙarin inganta su. Saboda haka, yana da ma'ana cewa muna da sha'awar yiwuwar sarrafa irin waɗannan ayyuka.
Lambar tushen babban tsarin Kubecost yana buɗe ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan lasisin Buɗewa (Lasisi na Apache 2.0). Ana iya amfani da shi kyauta kuma abubuwan da ke akwai ya kamata su isa ga ƙananan ayyuka. Koyaya, kasuwanci kasuwanci ne: sauran samfuran an rufe su, ana iya amfani da su , wanda kuma ke nuna tallafin kasuwanci. Bugu da ƙari, mawallafa suna ba da lasisin kyauta don ƙananan gungu (gungu 1 tare da nodes 10 - yayin rubuta wannan labarin, wannan iyaka ya fadada zuwa 20 nodes) ko lokacin gwaji tare da cikakken iko na wata 1.
Yadda duk yake aiki
Don haka, babban ɓangaren Kubecost shine aikace-aikacen , an rubuta a cikin Go. Ana kiran taswirar Helm wanda ke kwatanta tsarin gaba ɗaya kuma a ainihinsa akwai taro daga ƙirar ƙididdiga tare da Prometheus, Grafana da dashboards da yawa.
Gabaɗaya magana, ƙirar ƙidayar tana da mahallin gidan yanar gizon sa, wanda ke nuna zane-zane da cikakken kididdiga akan farashi a cikin tsari, da kuma, ba shakka, shawarwari don inganta farashi. Dashboards da aka gabatar a Grafana mataki ne na farko a cikin ci gaban Kubecost kuma yana ƙunshe da bayanai iri ɗaya da ƙirar farashi, yana ƙara su tare da ƙididdiga na yau da kullun akan yawan amfani da CPU / ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya / hanyar sadarwa / sararin diski a cikin tari da abubuwan da ke tattare da shi. .
Ta yaya Kubecost ke aiki?
- Samfuran farashi yana karɓar farashi don ayyuka ta hanyar API na masu samar da girgije.
- Bugu da ari, dangane da nau'in ƙarfe na kumburi da yanki, ana ƙididdige farashin kowane kumburi.
- Dangane da farashin kuɗaɗen gudu, kowane ganyen ganye yana samun farashin sa'a ɗaya na amfani da CPU, kowace gigabyte na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ake cinyewa, da awa ɗaya kowace gigabyte na bayanan da aka adana - ya danganta da kumburin da yake gudana a kai ko ajin ajiya.
- Dangane da farashin aiki na fasfo na mutum ɗaya, ana ƙididdige biyan kuɗi don wuraren suna, ayyuka, Ayyuka, StatefulSets.
- Ana ƙididdige ƙididdiga ta amfani da ma'auni da aka bayar ta kube-state-metrics da node-exporter.
Yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da cewa Kubecost ta tsohuwa kawai yana ƙididdige albarkatun da ke cikin Kubernetes. Ma'ajin bayanai na waje, sabar GitLab, ma'ajiyar S3 da sauran ayyukan da basa cikin gungu (ko da suna cikin gajimare ɗaya) ba sa iya gani gare shi. Kodayake don GCP da AWS kuna iya ƙara maɓallan asusun sabis ɗin ku kuma ƙididdige komai tare.
saitin
Kubecost yana buƙatar:
- Kubernetes version 1.8 kuma mafi girma;
- kube-state-metrics;
- Prometheus;
- node-exporter.
Ya faru da cewa a cikin gungu namu duk waɗannan sharuɗɗan an cika su a gaba, don haka ya zama cewa ya isa kawai a ƙayyade madaidaicin ƙarshen don samun damar zuwa Prometheus. Koyaya, ginshiƙi na kubecost Helm na hukuma ya ƙunshi duk abin da kuke buƙata don gudana akan gungu mara tushe.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don shigar Kubecost:
- Daidaitaccen hanyar shigarwa da aka bayyana a ciki akan gidan yanar gizon mai haɓakawa. Ana buƙata ƙara ma'ajin ƙididdiga na farashi zuwa Helm, sannan shigar da ginshiƙi. Abin da ya rage shi ne tura tashar jiragen ruwa da daidaita saitunan zuwa yanayin da ake so da hannu (ta kubectl) da/ko ta amfani da ƙirar gidan yanar gizo mai tsada.
Ba mu ma gwada wannan hanyar ba, tun da ba mu yi amfani da saitunan shirye-shiryen ɓangare na uku ba, amma yana kama da zaɓi mai kyau "kawai gwada shi da kanka". Idan kun riga kun shigar da wasu kayan aikin tsarin ko kuna son ƙarin daidaitawa, yana da kyau kuyi la'akari da hanya ta biyu.
- Yi amfani da gaske , amma saita kuma shigar da kanku ta kowace hanya mai dacewa.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, ban da kubecost kanta, wannan ginshiƙi ya ƙunshi sigogin Grafana da Prometheus, waɗanda kuma ana iya keɓance su kamar yadda ake so.
Akwai akan ginshiƙi
values.yamldon nazarin farashi yana ba ku damar daidaitawa:- jerin abubuwan da aka haɗa-ƙira-ƙira waɗanda ke buƙatar turawa;
- ƙarshen ƙarshen ku don Prometheus (idan kuna da ɗaya);
- yankuna da sauran saitunan shiga don ƙirar ƙididdiga da Grafana;
- annotations don kwasfa;
- bukatar yin amfani da ma'ajiyar dindindin da girmansa.
Ana samun cikakken jerin zaɓuɓɓukan daidaitawa da aka samu tare da kwatance a ciki .
Tunda kubecost a cikin ainihin sigar sa ba zai iya hana shiga ba, kuna buƙatar saita ainihin-auth don rukunin yanar gizon.
- Sanya kawai tushen tsarin - farashi-samfurin. Don yin wannan, dole ne a shigar da Prometheus a cikin gungu kuma saka madaidaicin ƙimar adireshinsa a cikin madaidaicin.
prometheusEndpointza Helm. Bayan haka - nema a cikin gungu.Hakanan, zaku ƙara Ingress da hannu tare da ainihin-auth. A ƙarshe, kuna buƙatar ƙara sashe don tattara ma'aunin ƙididdiga a ciki
extraScrapeConfigsa cikin tsarin Prometheus:- job_name: kubecost honor_labels: true scrape_interval: 1m scrape_timeout: 10s metrics_path: /metrics scheme: http dns_sd_configs: - names: - <адрес вашего сервиса kubecost> type: 'A' port: 9003
Me muke samu?
Tare da cikakken shigarwa, muna da kubecost da rukunin yanar gizon Grafana tare da saitin dashboards.
Jimlar kudin, wanda aka nuna akan babban allon, a zahiri yana nuna ƙimar da aka kiyasta na albarkatun ga watan. Wannan tsinkaya farashin yana nuna farashin amfani da gungu (kowane wata) a halin yanzu na amfani da albarkatu.
Wannan ma'aunin ya fi don nazarin kashe kuɗi da inganta su. Ba shi da matukar dacewa don duba jimlar farashin na Yuli a cikin kubecost: dole ne ku yi wannan. je zuwa lissafin kuɗi. Amma kuna iya ganin farashin da aka rushe ta wuraren suna, lakabi, kwasfa na tsawon kwanaki 1/2/7/30/90, wanda lissafin kuɗi ba zai taɓa nuna muku ba.
Magana akan lakabi. Nan da nan ku je saitunan kuma saita sunayen alamun da za a yi amfani da su azaman ƙarin nau'ikan don haɗa farashin:
Kuna iya rataya kowane lakabi akan su - dacewa idan kun riga kuna da tsarin alamar ku.
Hakanan a can zaku iya canza adireshin ƙarshen ƙarshen API wanda ƙirar farashi ke haɗawa, daidaita girman ragi a cikin GCP kuma saita farashin ku don albarkatu da kuɗi don auna su (saboda wasu dalilai fasalin bai shafi jimlar farashi ba).
Kubecost na iya nuna iri-iri matsaloli a cikin cluster (har ma da faɗakarwa idan akwai haɗari). Abin takaici, zaɓin ba shi da daidaitawa, sabili da haka, idan kuna da mahalli don masu haɓakawa kuma kuna amfani da su, koyaushe zaku ga wani abu kamar haka:
Muhimmin kayan aiki - Tarin Taro. Yana auna ayyukan kwasfa (cin albarkatun, gami da na cibiyar sadarwa), kuma yana ƙididdige adadin kuɗi da abin da zaku iya adanawa.
Yana iya zama kamar nassoshin ingantawa a bayyane suke, amma ƙwarewa ta nuna cewa har yanzu akwai wani abu da za a duba. Musamman, ana lura da ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa na kwasfa (Kubecost yana ba da shawarar kula da waɗanda ba su da aiki), ana kwatanta abin da ake buƙata da ainihin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da yawan amfani da CPU, da kuma CPU da ke amfani da nodes ɗin gungu (yana ba da shawarar rushe nodes da yawa zuwa ɗaya), faifai. lodi da wasu dozin guda goma sha biyu.
Kamar kowane batun ingantawa, haɓaka albarkatu bisa bayanan Kubecost yana buƙatar: bi da hankali. Misali, Cluster Savings yana ba da shawarar share nodes, yana mai da'awar cewa ba shi da lafiya, amma baya la'akari da kasancewar masu zaɓen node da ɓatanci a cikin kwas ɗin da aka saka a kansu waɗanda ba su da su akan sauran kuɗaɗen. Kuma a gaba ɗaya, har ma da marubutan samfurin a cikin su (ta hanyar, yana iya zama da amfani sosai ga waɗanda ke da sha'awar batun aikin) ana ba da shawarar kada ku yi sauri a cikin haɓakar farashi, amma don kusanci batun da tunani.
Sakamakon
Bayan amfani da kubecost na wata ɗaya akan wasu ayyuka biyu, zamu iya yanke shawarar cewa kayan aiki ne mai ban sha'awa (kuma mai sauƙin koya da shigar) don nazari da haɓaka farashi don sabis na masu samar da girgije da aka yi amfani da su don gungu na Kubernetes. Lissafin ya zama daidai sosai: a cikin gwaje-gwajenmu sun yi daidai da abin da masu samarwa ke buƙata.
Har ila yau, akwai wasu abubuwan da ba su da kyau: akwai kurakurai marasa mahimmanci, kuma a wasu wurare aikin ba ya rufe bukatun musamman ga wasu ayyuka. Koyaya, idan kuna buƙatar saurin fahimtar inda kuɗin ke tafiya da abin da za a iya “yanke” don ci gaba da rage lissafin sabis na girgije ta 5-30% (wannan shine abin da ya faru a cikin yanayinmu), wannan babban zaɓi ne. .
PS
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source: www.habr.com