1. Bayanan farko
Tsaftace bayanai yana daya daga cikin kalubalen da ke fuskantar ayyukan tantance bayanai. Wannan abu ya nuna ci gaba da mafita da suka taso sakamakon warware matsala mai amfani na nazarin bayanan bayanai a cikin samar da darajar cadastral. Sources a nan .
Fayil ɗin "Comparative model total.ods" a cikin "Shafi B. Sakamako na ƙayyade KS 5. An yi la'akari da bayani game da hanyar ƙayyade darajar cadastral 5.1 Hanyar kwatanta".
Tebur 1. Alamun ƙididdiga na saitin bayanai a cikin fayil ɗin "Comparative model total.ods"
Jimlar adadin filayen, inji mai kwakwalwa. - 44
Jimlar adadin bayanai, inji mai kwakwalwa. - 365 490
Jimlar adadin haruffa, inji mai kwakwalwa. - 101 714 693
Matsakaicin adadin haruffa a cikin rikodin, inji mai kwakwalwa. - 278,297
Daidaitaccen karkatar da haruffa a cikin rikodin, inji mai kwakwalwa. — 15,510
Mafi ƙarancin adadin haruffa a cikin shigarwa, inji mai kwakwalwa. - 198
Matsakaicin adadin haruffa a cikin shigarwa, inji mai kwakwalwa. - 363
2. Bangaren gabatarwa. Ma'auni na asali
Yayin nazarin ƙayyadaddun bayanai, an kafa wani aiki don ƙayyade buƙatun don matakin tsarkakewa, tun da, kamar yadda ya bayyana ga kowa da kowa, ƙayyadadden bayanai yana haifar da sakamakon shari'a da tattalin arziki ga masu amfani. A lokacin aikin, ya juya cewa babu takamaiman buƙatu don matakin tsaftace manyan bayanai. Yin nazarin ƙa'idodin shari'a a cikin wannan al'amari, na yanke shawarar cewa duk an samo su ne daga yiwuwar. Wato wani aiki ya bayyana, ana tattara hanyoyin bayanai don aikin, sa'an nan kuma a samar da ma'auni na bayanai kuma, bisa ga bayanan da aka ƙirƙira, kayan aiki don magance matsalar. Abubuwan da aka samo asali sune abubuwan tunani a zabar daga madadin. Na gabatar da wannan a hoto na 1.
Tunda, a cikin al'amuran tantance kowane ma'auni, ya fi dacewa a dogara da ingantattun fasahohin, na zaɓi buƙatun da aka tsara a ciki. , saboda na dauki wannan takarda a matsayin mafi mahimmanci ga wannan batu. Musamman, a cikin wannan takarda sashin ya ce "Ya kamata a lura cewa buƙatun amincin bayanai suna aiki daidai da na hannu (takarda) da bayanan lantarki." (fassara: "... Bukatun amincin bayanai suna aiki daidai da na'urar (takarda) da bayanan lantarki"). Wannan tsari yana da alaƙa da ma'anar "shaidar da aka rubuta", a cikin tanadin Mataki na 71 na Code of Civil Procedure, Art. 70 CAS, Art. 75 APC, "a rubuce" Art. 84 Code of Civil Code.
Hoto na 2 yana gabatar da zane na samuwar hanyoyin zuwa nau'ikan bayanai a cikin fikihu.
Shinkafa 2. Tushen .
Hoto na 3 yana nuna tsarin Hoto 1, don ayyukan "Jagora" na sama. Yana da sauƙi, ta hanyar kwatanta, don ganin cewa hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su lokacin biyan buƙatun amincin bayanai a cikin ƙa'idodin zamani don tsarin bayanai suna da iyakancewa sosai idan aka kwatanta da manufar doka ta bayanai.
Hoto 3
A cikin ƙayyadadden takaddun (Jagora), haɗin kai zuwa ɓangaren fasaha, damar iya aiki da adana bayanai, an tabbatar da kyau ta hanyar zance daga Babi na 18.2. Bayanai na dangantaka: "Wannan tsarin fayil ɗin yana da aminci a zahiri, saboda ana riƙe bayanan a cikin babban tsarin fayil wanda ke adana alaƙa tsakanin bayanai da metadata."
A gaskiya ma, a cikin wannan hanya - daga iyawar fasaha na yanzu, babu wani abu mara kyau kuma, a cikin kanta, wannan tsari ne na dabi'a, tun da fadada ra'ayoyin ya fito ne daga aikin da aka fi nazari - ƙirar bayanai. Amma, a gefe guda, ƙa'idodin doka sun bayyana waɗanda ba su bayar da rangwame kan ƙwarewar fasaha na tsarin da ake da su ba, misali: .
Shinkafa 4. Matsakaicin iyawar fasaha ().
A cikin waɗannan fannoni, ya bayyana a fili cewa ainihin bayanan bayanan (Fig. 1) dole ne, da farko, a cece su, na biyu kuma, ya zama tushen ciro ƙarin bayani daga gare ta. To, a matsayin misali: kyamarorin da ke rikodin dokokin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa suna cikin ko'ina, tsarin sarrafa bayanai yana kawar da masu cin zarafi, amma ana iya ba da wasu bayanan ga sauran masu amfani, misali, a matsayin sa ido kan tsarin kasuwancin abokan ciniki zuwa cibiyar kasuwanci. Kuma wannan shine tushen ƙarin ƙarin ƙimar lokacin amfani da BigDat. Yana yiwuwa matattun bayanan da ake tattarawa a yanzu, wani wuri a nan gaba, za su sami ƙima bisa ga wani tsari mai kama da ƙimar bugu na 1700 da ba kasafai ba a halin yanzu. Bayan haka, a zahiri, saitin bayanan wucin gadi na musamman ne kuma da wuya a sake maimaita su nan gaba.
3. Bangaren gabatarwa. Ma'aunin kimantawa
Yayin aiwatar da tsari, an haɓaka rarrabuwar kurakurai masu zuwa.
1. Kuskuren kuskure (bisa GOST R 8.736-2011): a) kurakurai na tsari; b) kurakurai bazuwar; c) kuskure.
2. Da yawa: a) mono murdiya; b) Multi-distortion.
3. Bisa ga mahimmancin sakamakon: a) m; b) ba mahimmanci ba.
4. Ta hanyar tushen abin da ya faru:
A) Fasaha - kurakurai da ke faruwa a lokacin aikin kayan aiki. Kuskuren da ya dace da tsarin IoT, tsarin da ke da babban tasiri akan ingancin sadarwa, kayan aiki (hardware).
B) Kurakurai masu aiki - kurakurai a cikin kewayo mai yawa daga nau'ikan ma'aikata yayin shigarwa zuwa kurakurai a cikin ƙayyadaddun fasaha don ƙirar bayanai.
C) Kurakurai masu amfani - Anan akwai kurakuran masu amfani a cikin gabaɗayan kewayon daga “manta don canza shimfidar wuri” zuwa mitoci masu kuskure don ƙafafu.
5. Ya rabu zuwa wani aji daban:
a) "aikin mai raba," wato, sarari da ":" (a cikin yanayinmu) lokacin da aka kwafi shi;
b) kalmomin da aka rubuta tare;
c) babu sarari bayan haruffa sabis
d) alamomi masu yawa masu ma'ana: (), "", "...".
A hade tare, tare da tsara tsarin kurakuran bayanai da aka gabatar a cikin Hoto na 5, an samar da ingantaccen tsarin daidaitawa don neman kurakurai da haɓaka algorithm tsaftace bayanan wannan misali.
Shinkafa 5. Kurakurai na yau da kullun da suka dace da rukunin tsarin bayanai (Madogararsa: ).
Daidaito, Mutuncin yanki, Nau'in Bayanai, Daidaituwa, Ragewa, Cikakkarwa, Kwafi, Yarda da Dokokin Kasuwanci, Ƙayyadaddun Tsari, Ƙarfafa bayanai, Tsara, Kan lokaci, Riko da Dokokin Mutuncin Bayanai. (Shafi na 334. Tushen adana bayanai don ƙwararrun IT / Paulraj Ponniah. — 2nd ed.)
Gabatar da kalmomin Ingilishi da fassarar injin na Rasha a cikin baka.
Daidaito. Ƙimar da aka adana a cikin tsarin don ɓangaren bayanai ita ce ƙimar da ta dace don abin da ya faru na ɓangaren bayanai. Idan kana da sunan abokin ciniki da adireshin da aka adana a cikin rikodin, to adireshin shine daidai adireshin abokin ciniki mai wannan sunan. Idan ka sami adadin da aka umarce shi azaman raka'a 1000 a cikin rikodin oda mai lamba 12345678, to wannan adadin shine ainihin adadin wannan odar.
[Gaskiya. Ƙimar da aka adana a cikin tsarin don ɓangaren bayanai shine madaidaicin ƙimar wannan abin da ya faru na ɓangaren bayanai. Idan kana da sunan abokin ciniki da adireshin da aka adana a cikin rikodin, to adireshin shine daidai adireshin abokin ciniki mai wannan sunan. Idan kun sami adadin da aka umarce shi azaman raka'a 1000 a cikin rikodin odar lamba 12345678, to wannan adadin shine ainihin adadin wannan odar.]
Mutuncin yanki. Ƙimar bayanai na sifa ta faɗi cikin kewayon da aka halatta, ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga. Misali na gama gari shine ƙimar da aka halatta kasancewar "namiji" da "mace" don ɓangaren bayanan jinsi.
[Mutuncin yanki. Ƙimar bayanan sifa ta faɗi cikin kewayon inganci, ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga. Misali na gaba ɗaya shine ingantattun dabi'u "namiji" da "mace" don ɓangaren bayanan jinsi.]
Nau'in Bayanai. Ana adana ƙimar sifa ta zahiri azaman nau'in bayanan da aka ayyana don wannan sifa. Lokacin da aka bayyana nau'in bayanan filin sunan kantin a matsayin "rubutu," duk misalan wannan filin sun ƙunshi sunan kantin da aka nuna a tsarin rubutu ba lambobin lambobi ba.
[Nau'in bayanai. Ana adana ƙimar sifa ta zahiri azaman nau'in bayanan da aka ayyana don wannan sifa. Idan an bayyana nau'in bayanan filin sunan kantin a matsayin "rubutu", duk misalin wannan filin sun ƙunshi sunan kantin da aka nuna a tsarin rubutu maimakon lambobin lamba.]
Daidaitawa. Siffai da abun ciki na filin bayanai iri ɗaya ne a cikin tsarin tushe da yawa. Idan lambar samfurin samfurin ABC a cikin tsarin ɗaya shine 1234, to lambar wannan samfurin ita ce 1234 a kowane tsarin tushe.
[Daidaitawa. Siffai da abun ciki na filin bayanai iri ɗaya ne a cikin tsarin tushe daban-daban. Idan lambar samfurin samfurin ABC akan tsarin ɗaya shine 1234, to lambar wannan samfurin ita ce 1234 akan kowane tsarin tushe.]
Maimaituwa. Ba dole ba ne a adana bayanai iri ɗaya a fiye da wuri ɗaya a cikin tsarin. Idan, saboda dalilai na inganci, da gangan aka adana ɓangaren bayanai a wuri fiye da ɗaya a cikin tsarin, to dole ne a gano sake fasalin a fili kuma a tabbatar da shi.
[Rundundancy. Bai kamata a adana bayanai iri ɗaya ba fiye da wuri ɗaya a cikin tsarin. Idan, saboda dalilai na inganci, an adana ɓangaren bayanai da gangan a wurare da yawa a cikin tsarin, to dole ne a fayyace ma'anar sakewa a fili kuma a tabbatar da shi.]
Kammalawa. Babu ƙimar da ta ɓace don sifa da aka bayar a cikin tsarin. Misali, a cikin fayil ɗin abokin ciniki, dole ne a sami ingantacciyar ƙima ga filin “jihar” ga kowane abokin ciniki. A cikin fayil ɗin don cikakkun bayanai na oda, kowane rikodin dalla-dalla na oda dole ne a cika shi gaba ɗaya.
[Kammalawa. Babu wasu ƙima da suka ɓace a cikin tsarin don wannan sifa. Misali, dole ne fayil ɗin abokin ciniki ya kasance yana da ingantacciyar ƙima ga filin “tsari” ga kowane abokin ciniki. A cikin fayil daki-daki, kowane rikodin bayanan oda dole ne a cika shi gaba ɗaya.]
Kwafi. Kwafin rikodin a cikin tsarin an warware gaba ɗaya. Idan an san fayil ɗin samfurin yana da kwafin bayanan, to, an gano duk kwafin bayanan kowane samfur kuma an ƙirƙiri wata ma'anar giciye.
[ Kwafi. An kawar da kwafin rikodin a cikin tsarin gaba ɗaya. Idan an san fayil ɗin samfur yana ƙunshe da shigarwar kwafi, to duk shigarwar da aka kwafi na kowane samfur ana gano su kuma an ƙirƙiri wata maƙasudi.]
Yarda da Dokokin Kasuwanci. Ma'auni na kowane abu na bayanai suna bin ƙa'idodin kasuwanci da aka tsara. A cikin tsarin gwanjo, guduma ko farashin siyarwa ba zai iya zama ƙasa da farashin ajiyar ba. A cikin tsarin lamuni na banki, ma'aunin lamuni dole ne koyaushe ya kasance tabbatacce ko sifili.
[Bisa da dokokin kasuwanci. Ma'auni na kowane ɓangaren bayanai sun bi ka'idodin kasuwanci da aka kafa. A cikin tsarin gwanjo, guduma ko farashin siyarwa ba zai iya zama ƙasa da farashin ajiyar ba. A cikin tsarin bashi na banki, ma'aunin lamuni dole ne koyaushe ya kasance tabbatacce ko sifili.]
Tabbatacce Tsarin. Duk inda za'a iya tsara kayan bayanai ta dabi'a zuwa sassa guda ɗaya, abun dole ne ya ƙunshi wannan ingantaccen tsari. Misali, sunan mutum a dabi'ance ya raba zuwa sunan farko, farkon farko, da na karshe. Dole ne a adana darajar sunayen mutane a matsayin sunan farko, farkon farko, da na ƙarshe. Wannan halayen ingancin bayanai yana sauƙaƙa aiwatar da ƙa'idodi kuma yana rage ƙimar da ba a so.
[Tabbas Tsari. Inda za'a iya tsara ɓangaren bayanai ta dabi'a zuwa sassa ɗaya, dole ne kashi ya ƙunshi wannan ingantaccen tsari. Misali, sunan mutum a dabi'ance ya kasu kashi na farko, farkon farko, da na karshe. Ya kamata a adana ƙimar sunaye ɗaya azaman sunan farko, farkon farko, da na ƙarshe. Wannan halayen ingancin bayanai yana sauƙaƙa aikace-aikacen ma'auni kuma yana rage ƙimar da ba a so.]
Data Anomaly. Dole ne a yi amfani da filin kawai don manufar da aka ayyana shi. Idan filin Adireshin-3 an bayyana shi ga kowane layi na uku na adireshi mai tsawo don dogon adireshi, to dole ne a yi amfani da wannan filin kawai don rikodin layi na uku na adireshi. Kada a yi amfani da shi don shigar da waya ko lambar fax ga abokin ciniki.
[Data Anomaly. Dole ne a yi amfani da filin kawai don manufar da aka ayyana shi. Idan an ayyana filin Address-3 don kowane layin adireshi na uku mai yiwuwa na dogon adireshi, to wannan filin za a yi amfani da shi ne kawai don yin rikodin layin adireshi na uku. Kada a yi amfani da shi don shigar da lambar tarho ko fax ga abokin ciniki.]
Tsaratarwa. Ƙimar bayanai na iya mallakar duk wasu halayen ingancin bayanai amma idan masu amfani ba su fahimci ma'anarsa a fili ba, to, ɓangaren bayanan ba shi da wani amfani ga masu amfani. Ƙididdiga masu dacewa suna taimakawa wajen fahimtar abubuwan bayanan da masu amfani su fahimci su sosai.
[Bayyana. Ƙimar bayanai na iya samun duk wasu halaye na kyawawan bayanai, amma idan masu amfani ba su fahimci ma'anarsa a fili ba, to, ɓangaren bayanan ba shi da wani amfani ga masu amfani. Ingantattun ƙa'idodin suna suna taimakawa masu amfani su fahimci abubuwan bayanan da kyau.]
Kan lokaci. Masu amfani suna ƙayyade lokaci na bayanan. Idan masu amfani suna tsammanin bayanan girman abokin ciniki ba za su girmi kwana ɗaya ba, sauye-sauyen bayanan abokin ciniki a cikin tsarin tushen dole ne a yi amfani da su zuwa ma'ajin bayanan yau da kullun.
[A cikin lokaci mai tsawo. Masu amfani suna ƙayyade lokaci na bayanai. Idan masu amfani suna tsammanin bayanan girman abokin ciniki ba zai wuce kwana ɗaya ba, canje-canje ga bayanan abokin ciniki a cikin tsarin tushen yakamata a yi amfani da ma'ajin bayanai a kullun.]
Amfani. Kowane ɓangaren bayanai a cikin ma'ajin bayanai dole ne ya cika wasu buƙatun tarin masu amfani. Abun bayanai na iya zama daidai kuma yana da inganci, amma idan ba shi da wata ƙima ga masu amfani, to ba lallai ba ne don wannan ɓangaren bayanan ya kasance a cikin ma'ajin bayanai.
[Amfani. Kowane abu na bayanai a cikin ma'ajin bayanai dole ne ya cika wasu buƙatun tarin mai amfani. Abun bayanan yana iya zama daidai kuma yana da inganci, amma idan bai samar da ƙima ga masu amfani ba, to ba lallai bane wannan ɓangaren bayanan ya kasance cikin ma'ajin bayanai.]
Riko da Dokokin Mutuncin Bayanai. Dole ne bayanan da aka adana a cikin ma'ajin bayanai masu dangantaka na tsarin tushen dole ne su bi mutuncin mahaluži da ka'idojin daidaito. Duk wani tebur da ke ba da izinin ɓarna a matsayin maɓalli na farko ba shi da mutuncin mahalli. Mutuncin magana yana tilasta kafa dangantakar iyaye da yara daidai. A cikin hulɗar abokin ciniki-da-oda, mutuncin ra'ayi yana tabbatar da kasancewar abokin ciniki ga kowane oda a cikin bayanan.
[Bincika ka'idojin amincin bayanai. Bayanan da aka adana a cikin alaƙar bayanai na tsarin tushen dole ne su bi ka'idodin amincin mahaluƙi da amincin ra'ayi. Duk wani tebur da ke ba da izinin ɓarna a matsayin maɓalli na farko ba shi da mutuncin mahalli. Mutuncin magana yana tilasta dangantaka tsakanin iyaye da yara don kafa daidai. A cikin odar abokin ciniki, mutuncin ra'ayi yana tabbatar da cewa abokin ciniki ya wanzu ga kowane tsari a cikin bayanan.]
4. Ingancin tsaftacewar bayanai
Ingancin tsaftacewar bayanai shine matsala ta musamman a bigdata. Amsa tambayar wane mataki na tsaftace bayanai ya zama dole don kammala aikin yana da mahimmanci ga kowane mai nazarin bayanai. A mafi yawan matsalolin da ke faruwa a yanzu, kowane manazarci yana ƙayyade wannan da kansa kuma da wuya wani daga waje ya iya kimanta wannan bangare a cikin maganinsa. Amma ga aikin da ke hannun a wannan yanayin, wannan batu yana da mahimmanci, tun da amincin bayanan shari'a ya kamata ya kasance daya.
Yin la'akari da fasahar gwajin software don tantance amincin aiki. A yau akwai fiye da waɗannan samfurori . Yawancin samfuran suna amfani da samfurin sabis na da'awar:
Hoto: 6
Tunanin kamar haka: "Idan kuskuren da aka samo wani lamari ne mai kama da abin da ya faru na rashin nasara a cikin wannan samfurin, to, yadda za a sami analogue na siga t?" Kuma na tsara wannan samfurin: Bari mu yi tunanin cewa lokacin da mai gwadawa zai ɗauki lokaci don duba rikodin ɗaya shine minti 1 (ga ma'aunin bayanan da ake tambaya), sannan don nemo duk kurakurai zai buƙaci mintuna 365, wato kusan shekaru 494 da 3. watanni na lokacin aiki. Kamar yadda muka fahimta, wannan aiki ne mai girman gaske kuma farashin duba bayanan zai zama haramun ga mai hada wannan bayanan. A cikin wannan tunani, manufar tattalin arziki na farashi ya bayyana kuma bayan bincike na yanke shawarar cewa wannan kayan aiki ne mai inganci. Bisa ka’idar tattalin arziki: “Yawan samar da kayayyaki (a cikin raka’a) wanda mafi girman ribar kamfani yana samuwa ne a daidai lokacin da aka kwatanta ƙimar da ake kashewa don samar da sabon sashin kayan aiki da farashin da wannan kamfani zai iya samu. don sabon rukunin.” Dangane da postulate cewa gano kowane kuskure na gaba yana buƙatar ƙarin duba bayanan, wannan ƙimar farashi ce. Wato, postulate ɗin da aka karɓa a cikin samfuran gwaji yana ɗaukar ma'ana ta zahiri a cikin tsari mai zuwa: idan don nemo kuskuren i-th ya zama dole a bincika n records, to don nemo kuskuren (i+3) na gaba zai zama dole. don duba m records kuma a lokaci guda n
- Lokacin da adadin bayanan da aka bincika kafin a sami sabon kuskure ya daidaita;
- Lokacin da aka bincika adadin bayanan kafin gano kuskuren na gaba zai ƙaru.
Don ƙayyade ƙima mai mahimmanci, na juya zuwa ga manufar yiwuwar tattalin arziki, wanda a cikin wannan yanayin, ta yin amfani da manufar halin kaka na zamantakewa, za a iya tsara shi kamar haka: "Kudaden gyara kuskure ya kamata a ɗauka ta hanyar wakili na tattalin arziki wanda zai iya yi. shi a mafi ƙarancin farashi.” Muna da wakili ɗaya - mai gwadawa wanda ke kashe minti 1 yana duba rikodi ɗaya. A cikin sharuddan kuɗi, idan kun sami 6000 rubles / rana, wannan zai zama 12,2 rubles. (kimanin yau). Ya rage don ƙayyade ɓangaren na biyu na ma'auni a cikin dokar tattalin arziki. Na yi tunani kamar haka. Kuskuren da ke akwai zai buƙaci wanda abin ya shafa ya ba da himma don gyara shi, wato mai mallakar kadara. Bari mu ce wannan yana buƙatar kwana 1 na aiki (miƙa da aikace-aikacen, karɓi takaddun da aka gyara). Sa'an nan kuma, ta fuskar zamantakewa, farashinsa zai kasance daidai da matsakaicin albashi a kowace rana. Matsakaicin adadin albashin da aka tara a Khanty-Mansi Okrug mai cin gashin kansa 73285 rub. ko 3053,542 rubles / rana. Saboda haka, muna samun ƙima mai mahimmanci daidai da:
3053,542: 12,2 = 250,4 raka'a na rikodin.
Wannan yana nufin, ta fuskar zamantakewa, idan mai gwadawa ya bincika bayanan 251 kuma ya sami kuskure guda ɗaya, daidai yake da mai amfani ya gyara wannan kuskure da kansa. Saboda haka, idan mai gwadawa ya kashe lokaci daidai da duba bayanan 252 don gano kuskuren na gaba, to, a cikin wannan yanayin yana da kyau a canza farashin gyara ga mai amfani.
An gabatar da hanya mai sauƙi a nan, tun daga ra'ayi na zamantakewa ya zama dole a yi la'akari da duk ƙarin ƙimar da kowane ƙwararren ya samar, wato, farashi ciki har da haraji da biyan kuɗi na zamantakewa, amma samfurin ya bayyana. Sakamakon wannan dangantaka shine buƙatun masu zuwa ga ƙwararru: ƙwararren daga masana'antar IT dole ne ya sami albashi mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin ƙasa. Idan albashin nasa bai kai matsakaicin albashin masu amfani da bayanai ba, to shi da kansa dole ne ya duba dukkan bayanan hannu da hannu.
Lokacin amfani da ma'aunin da aka siffanta, buƙatun farko don ingancin ma'ajin bayanai an samar da su:
ina (tr). Rabon kurakurai masu mahimmanci kada su wuce 1/250,4 = 0,39938%. Kaɗan ƙasa da zinariya a masana'antu. Kuma a cikin sharuddan jiki babu fiye da 1459 rikodin tare da kurakurai.
Ja da baya na tattalin arziki.
A gaskiya ma, ta hanyar yin irin waɗannan kurakurai masu yawa a cikin bayanan, al'umma sun yarda da asarar tattalin arziki a cikin adadin:
1459*3053,542 = 4 rubles.
An ƙaddara wannan adadin ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa al'umma ba ta da kayan aikin da za a rage waɗannan farashin. Ya biyo bayan cewa idan wani yana da fasahar da za ta ba su damar rage adadin rikodin tare da kurakurai zuwa, misali, 259, to wannan zai ba da damar al'umma ta adana:
1200*3053,542 = 3 rubles.
Amma a lokaci guda, zai iya tambayar basirarsa da aikinsa, da kyau, bari mu ce - 1 miliyan rubles.
Wato, ana rage farashin zamantakewa ta hanyar:
3 - 664 = 250 rubles.
A zahiri, wannan tasirin shine ƙarin ƙimar daga amfani da fasahar BigDat.
Amma a nan ya kamata a yi la'akari da cewa wannan tasiri ne na zamantakewa, kuma mai mallakar bayanan shine hukumomin birni, kudaden da suke samu daga amfani da kadarorin da aka rubuta a cikin wannan bayanan, a kan 0,3%, shine: 2,778 biliyan rubles / shekara. Kuma waɗannan farashin (4 rubles) ba su dame shi sosai, tun da an canja su zuwa masu mallakar dukiya. Kuma, a wannan yanayin, mai haɓaka ƙarin fasahohin tacewa a cikin Bigdata dole ne ya nuna ikon shawo kan mai wannan bayanan, kuma irin waɗannan abubuwan suna buƙatar ƙwarewa mai yawa.
A cikin wannan misalin, an zaɓi ƙima na kuskuren algorithm bisa tsarin Schumann [2] na tabbatar da software yayin gwajin aminci. Saboda yaɗuwar sa akan Intanet da kuma ikon samun alamun ƙididdiga masu dacewa. An ɗauko hanyar daga Monakhov Yu.M. "Tsarin aiki na tsarin bayanai", duba ƙarƙashin mai ɓarna a cikin siffa. 7-9.
Shinkafa 7 - 9 Hanyoyi na tsarin Schumann
Sashi na biyu na wannan abu yana ba da misali na tsaftace bayanai, wanda aka samu sakamakon amfani da samfurin Schumann.
Bari in gabatar da sakamakon da aka samu:
Adadin kurakurai N = 3167 n.
Siga C, lambda da aikin dogaro:
Hoto 17
Mahimmanci, lambda shine ainihin ma'anar ƙarfin da ake gano kurakurai a kowane mataki. Idan ka dubi kashi na biyu, ƙididdigewa ga wannan alamar shine 42,4 kurakurai a kowace awa, wanda yake daidai da alamar Schumann. A sama, an ƙaddara cewa ƙimar da mai haɓaka ke gano kurakurai bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da kuskuren 1 a cikin bayanan 250,4 ba, lokacin duba rikodin 1 a cikin minti daya. Don haka mahimmancin darajar lambda don ƙirar Schumann:
60/250,4 = 0,239617.
Wato, buƙatar aiwatar da hanyoyin gano kuskure dole ne a aiwatar da su har sai lambda, daga 38,964 da ake da su, ya ragu zuwa 0,239617.
Ko har sai mai nuna alama N (lambar kurakurai mai yuwuwa) debe n (madaidaicin adadin kurakurai) ya ragu a ƙasa da madaidaicin madaidaicin mu - 1459 pcs.
Litattafai
- Monakhov, Yu.M. Zaman lafiyar tsarin tsarin bayanai. A cikin awanni 3. Sashe na 1. Amintaccen software: littafin karatu. izinin / Yu. M. Monakhov; Vladim. jihar univ. - Vladimir: Izvo Vladim. jihar Jami'ar, 2011. - 60 p. - ISBN 978-5-9984-0189-3.
- Martin L. Shooman, "Tsarin yuwuwar hasashen amincin software."
- Tushen adana bayanai don ƙwararrun IT / Paulraj Ponniah.— 2nd ed.
source: www.habr.com