A kan mu blog mun riga , yadda ake ƙirƙirar uwar garken Minecraft naku, amma shekaru 5 sun shuɗe tun lokacin kuma da yawa sun canza. Muna raba tare da ku hanyoyi na yanzu don ƙirƙira da haɓaka ɓangaren sabar na irin wannan mashahurin wasan.
A cikin tarihin shekaru 9 (ƙidaya daga ranar saki), Minecraft ya sami adadin ban mamaki na magoya baya da ƙiyayya tsakanin 'yan wasa na yau da kullum da geeks. Mahimman ra'ayi mai sauƙi na duniyar da aka yi da tubalan ya samo asali daga nau'i mai sauƙi na nishaɗi zuwa hanyar sadarwa ta duniya don sadarwa da ƙirƙirar abubuwa daban-daban daga ainihin duniya.
Baya ga gini, wasan yana da ikon ƙirƙirar , wanda ke ba ku damar aiwatar da cikakkun algorithms a cikin Minecraft. YouTube yana cike da bidiyoyi masu ban sha'awa sosai inda mutane suka yi ƙoƙari da yawa da kuma kashe lokaci mai yawa, sun ƙirƙiri kwafin wannan ko waccan na'urar lantarki ko kuma sun gina cikakken kwafi. и tsarin gine-gine. Komai yana iyakance ne kawai ta hanyar tunanin ɗan wasa da yuwuwar duniyar wasan caca.
Amma kada mu kara yin magana game da ainihin abin da 'yan wasan ke ƙirƙira, amma bari mu dubi ɓangaren uwar garken na aikace-aikacen kuma mu haskaka matsalolin (wani lokaci mai rikitarwa) wanda zai iya tasowa yayin aiki a karkashin kaya. Bari mu yi ajiyar wuri nan da nan cewa za mu yi magana ne kawai game da Sigar Java.
Nau'in sabobin
Zaɓin mafi sauƙi shine uwar garken da aka gina a cikin abokin ciniki na wasan. Mun halicci duniya, mun danna maɓalli ɗaya, kuma uwar garken ya zama mai isa ga hanyar sadarwar gida. Wannan zaɓin ba zai iya jure wa kowane nauyi mai nauyi ba, sabili da haka ba za mu ma la'akari da shi ba.
vanilla
Mojang Studios yana rarraba ɓangaren uwar garken wasan azaman aikace-aikacen Java kyauta . Wannan yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar naku da kuma na sirri duniya, yin shi don haɗi daga ko'ina a duniya. Ga waɗanda suke yin wannan a karon farko, akwai mai girma , akwai akan Wiki na caca daidai.
Wannan tsarin yana da matsala mai tsanani guda ɗaya, wato rashin ƙarfin waje don haɗa plugins wanda ke fadada aikin uwar garken kuma ya ba da izini ba kawai don sarrafa matakai da yawa ba, amma har ma don inganta aikin. Bugu da kari, uwar garken hukuma yana da isasshen yawan amfani da RAM ga kowane mai kunnawa da aka haɗa.
bukki
Aikace-aikacen uwar garken da masu sha'awa suka ƙirƙira bisa sigar Vanilla mahimmanci ya faɗaɗa damar wasan ta hanyar tallafawa plugins da mods (gyare-gyare). Ya ba da izini ba kawai don ƙara sabbin tubalan zuwa wasan kwaikwayo ba, har ma don aiwatar da magudi daban-daban waɗanda ba su isa ga software na vanilla ba. Abin sha'awa, wannan aikace-aikacen yana buƙatar ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Shigar da Bukkit ba shi da wahala; umarnin da ya dace yana kan albarkatun . Amma wannan ba shi da ma'ana, tun daga 2014 kungiyar Bukkit ta wargaza, masu haɓaka aikin sun zama ma'aikatan Mojang Studios, kuma watsi. Don haka, Bukkit ya mutu sosai, kuma yana da ma'ana don kula da ayyukan biyu na gaba.
SpigotMC
Don sauƙaƙe rayuwa ga masu haɓaka plugin, akwai buƙatar API don yin hulɗa tare da duniyar wasan. Wannan ita ce ainihin matsalar da masu yin halitta suka warware. , shan Bukkit core da kuma sake yin aiki da shi don cimma ingantaccen aminci da aiki. Duk da haka, An toshe aikin saboda Dokar Haƙƙin mallaka na Millennium Digital (), kuma ba shi yiwuwa a zazzage lambar tushe daga can.
A halin yanzu, SpigotMC yana haɓaka sosai kuma ana amfani dashi. Yana goyan bayan duk plugins da aka ƙirƙira don Bukkit, amma baya dacewa da shi baya baya. Don kewaya DMCA Takedown, an ƙirƙiri kyakkyawar hanya mai suna BuildTools. Wannan kayan aiki yana kawar da buƙatar rarraba aikace-aikacen da aka haɗa kuma yana bawa masu amfani damar tattara Spigot, CraftBukkit da Bukkit daga lambar tushe. Duk wannan ya sa haramcin DMCA mara amfani.
PaperMC
Komai yayi kyau, kuma Spigot ya zama babban zaɓi. Amma wannan bai isa ba ga wasu masu goyon baya, kuma sun ƙirƙiri cokali mai yatsa na Spigot "a kan steroids." Kunna Babban fa'idar ita ce "wauta ce da sauri". An haɓaka yana ba ku damar magance matsalolin da suka kunno kai cikin sauri, kuma API ɗin tsawaita yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar plugins masu ban sha'awa. Kuna iya ƙaddamar da PaperMC tare da umarni ɗaya mai sauƙi, wanda aka ba a ciki .
PaperMC yana da kyakkyawar dacewa, don haka plugins da aka rubuta don SpigotMC na iya aiki cikin sauƙi akan PaperMC, amma ba tare da goyan bayan hukuma ba. Hakanan dacewa da baya tare da SpigotMC yana nan. Yanzu da muka jera zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban don ƙirƙirar uwar garken, bari mu matsa zuwa abubuwan da za su iya tasowa.
Matsaloli da Magani
Babban abin da kuke buƙatar fahimta shi ne cewa duk abin da ke da alaƙa da sarrafa duniyar wasan za a sarrafa shi ne kawai a kan tushen kwamfuta ɗaya na uwar garken zahiri. Don haka idan ba zato ba tsammani kuna da kyakkyawan uwar garken tare da dozin na'urorin kwamfuta, to ɗaya kawai za a loda. Duk sauran za su zama marasa aiki. Wannan shine tsarin gine-ginen aikace-aikacen, kuma babu abin da za ku iya yi game da shi. Don haka lokacin zabar uwar garken, ya kamata ku kula ba ga adadin maƙallan ba, amma ga mitar agogo. Mafi girma shine, mafi kyawun aikin zai kasance.
Game da batun ƙarfin RAM, ya kamata mu ci gaba daga alamomi masu zuwa:
- adadin 'yan wasan da aka tsara;
- adadin da aka tsara na duniya akan uwar garke;
- girman kowace duniya.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa aikace-aikacen Java koyaushe yana buƙatar ajiyar RAM. Idan kuna tsammanin amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na 8 gigabytes, to lallai kuna buƙatar samun 12. Lambobin dangi ne, amma ainihin ba ya canzawa.
Don fara ɓangaren uwar garken, muna ba da shawarar amfani da tutocin da aka ƙayyade a cikin labarin . Wannan "baƙar sihiri" yana ba uwar garken damar daidaita daidaitattun "mai tara shara" da inganta amfani da RAM. Kada ku ware ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya fiye da yadda uwar garken ke cinyewa a lokacin ƙuruciyar 'yan wasa.
Samar da taswirar toshe
"Shin da gaske kuna ganin wata yana wanzuwa ne kawai idan kun kalle shi?" (Albert Einstein)
Sabuwar uwar garken gaba daya. Da zaran mai kunnawa ya yi nasarar haɗawa da farko, yanayin wasan ya bayyana a wurin taron gama gari (spawn). Wannan shine kawai wurin da sabar ta riga ta samar da duniyar wasan. A lokaci guda, ɓangaren abokin ciniki yana kallon saitunan, kuma madaidaicin maɓalli shine nisan zane. Ana auna shi da guntu (yankin taswirar yana da girman 16 × 16 da 256 blocks high).
Sabar tana adana taswirar duniya ta duniya, kuma idan babu wasu tubalan da aka samar a ciki har yanzu a wurin bayyanar wasan, sa'an nan uwar garken ke haifar da su da ƙarfi kuma tana adana su. Ba wai kawai wannan yana buƙatar manyan albarkatun kwamfuta ba, har ma yana ƙara girman girman taswirar duniya koyaushe. Akan ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin sabobin anarchist (2builders2tools) Girman taswirar ya riga ya wuce 8 Tb, kuma iyakar duniya tana kusa da shinge miliyan 30. Akwai dubban labarun da ke da alaƙa da wannan uwar garken kuma ya cancanci labarin kansa a cikin jerin.
Samar da duniya a kusa da ɗan wasa ɗaya ba matsala ba ne. Ƙirƙirar duniya a kusa da ɗaruruwan 'yan wasa zai haifar da ƙananan jinkirin uwar garken na ɗan gajeren lokaci, bayan haka nauyin zai ragu. Ƙirƙirar duniya a nesa mai nisa na abokin ciniki a kusa da 'yan wasa dubu ya riga ya sami damar "zubar da" uwar garken da kuma fitar da duk abokan ciniki daga ciki saboda wani lokaci.
A cikin software na uwar garken akwai ƙima kamar TPS (Ticks per Server - ticks per second). Yawanci, zagayowar agogo 1 daidai yake da 50 ms. (1 na biyu na ainihin duniyar daidai yake da ticks 20 na duniyar wasan). Idan sarrafa kaska ɗaya ya ƙaru zuwa daƙiƙa 60, aikace-aikacen uwar garken za a rufe, yana fitar da duk 'yan wasa.
Mafita ita ce iyakance duniya ga wasu haɗin kai da aiwatar da ƙarni na toshe na farko. Don haka, muna cire buƙatar tsara tsararraki yayin wasan, kuma uwar garken zai buƙaci karanta taswirar data kasance kawai. Ana iya magance batutuwan biyu tare da plugin guda ɗaya .
Hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce saita iyakar duniya a cikin nau'i na da'irar dangi zuwa wurin spawn (ko da yake kuna iya yin ta kowane nau'i) tare da umarni ɗaya:
/wb set <радиус в блоках> spawnIdan ɗan wasan ya yi ƙoƙarin ketare iyaka, za a tura shi baya da yawa tubalan. Idan an yi haka sau da yawa a cikin ƙayyadaddun lokaci, za a tura mai laifin ta wayar tarho da karfi zuwa wurin da ake zubarwa. An yi pre-generation na duniya har ma da sauƙi, tare da umarni:
/wb fillTun da wannan aikin na iya yin tasiri ga 'yan wasa akan uwar garken, tabbatar da tabbatarwa:
/wb confirmGabaɗaya, ya ɗauki kimanin sa'o'i 5000 don samar da duniya tare da radius na tubalan 40 (~ 2 biliyan blocks) akan na'ura mai sarrafa Intel® Xeon® Gold 6240. Don haka, idan kuna son ƙirƙirar taswira mafi girma, ku sani cewa wannan tsari zai ɗauki lokaci mai kyau, kuma TPS uwar garken za a rage da gaske. Hakanan, ku tuna cewa ko da radius na tubalan 5000 zai buƙaci kusan 2 GB na sararin diski.
Duk da cewa sabon sigar plugin ɗin an ƙera shi don sigar Minecraft 1.14, an gano ta gwaji cewa yana aiki mai girma akan juzu'in na gaba. Ana samun cikakken jerin umarni tare da bayani .
Toshe matsala
Akwai manyan nau'ikan tubalan a cikin Minecraft. Duk da haka, muna so mu jawo hankalin masu karatu zuwa irin wannan toshe kamar TNT. Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, wannan katanga abin fashewa ne (bayanin kula na edita - wannan abin wasa ne na duniyar kama-da-wane kuma wannan abu ba shi da komai tare da abubuwan fashewa na gaske). Mahimmancinsa shine irin wannan a lokacin kunnawa ƙarfin nauyi ya fara aiki akan shi. Wannan yana tilasta uwar garken don lissafin duk haɗin kai idan a wannan lokacin toshe ya fara faɗuwa.
Idan akwai tubalan TNT da yawa, to, fashewar toshe ɗaya yana haifar da fashewa da kunna nauyi a cikin tubalan makwabta, watsa su ta kowane bangare. Duk waɗannan kyawawan injiniyoyi a gefen uwar garken suna kama da ayyuka da yawa don ƙididdige yanayin kowane toshe, da kuma hulɗa tare da tubalan makwabta. Aikin yana da matuƙar amfani da albarkatu, wanda kowa zai iya dubawa cikin sauƙi. Ƙirƙira da fasa cube daga tubalan TNT wanda ke da girman aƙalla 30x30x30. Kuma idan kuna tunanin kuna da kwamfutar wasan caca mai kyau, mai ƙarfi, kun yi kuskure sosai 😉
/fill ~ ~ ~ ~30 ~30 ~30 minecraft:tnt
Irin wannan "gwaji" akan sabar tare da Intel® Xeon® Gold 6240 ya haifar da raguwar TPS mai tsanani da nauyin 80% na CPU yayin duk lokacin fashewar toshewar. Don haka, idan kowane ɗan wasa zai iya yin wannan, to, matsalar aikin za ta shafi duk 'yan wasan da ke uwar garken.
Zaɓin mafi ƙarfi - Crystals Edge. Idan duk da haka TNT ya fashe a jere, to, Crystals na Edge suna fashewa a lokaci guda, wanda a ka'idar zai iya dakatar da aikin aikace-aikacen uwar garke gaba daya.
Za a iya guje wa wannan yanayin ta hanyar hana amfani da waɗannan tubalan gaba ɗaya a duniyar wasan. Alal misali, amfani da plugin . Lura cewa wannan plugin da kanta ba ya aiki ba tare da wani plugin ba . Don haka shigar da WorldEdit da farko, sannan WorldGuard.
ƙarshe
Gudanar da uwar garken wasan yadda ya kamata ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Wahala da raguwar aiki za su jira ku a kowane juzu'i, musamman idan ba ku la'akari da injinan wasan kwaikwayo da kansu ba. Ba shi yiwuwa a hango komai, saboda ’yan wasa wani lokaci suna iya zama masu kirkira a ƙoƙarin tilasta uwar garken yin wani abu da ba a yi niyya ba. Daidaitaccen ma'auni kawai tsakanin haɗari da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙuntatawa zai ba da damar uwar garken ta ci gaba da aiki kuma ba zai rage aikinsa zuwa ƙima mai mahimmanci ba.
Yayin keɓewar, wasu daga cikin ma'aikatanmu sun rasa ofisoshin da suka fi so kuma sun yanke shawarar sake ƙirƙirar su a cikin Minecraft. Hakanan kuna da damar zuwa ku ziyarce mu ba tare da haɗarin lafiyar ku ba ko bata lokaci akan hanya.
Don yin wannan, muna gayyatar kowa zuwa uwar garken mu minecraft.selectel.ru (Sigar abokin ciniki 1.15.2), inda aka sake ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin bayanai Tsvetochnaya-1 da Tsvetochnaya-2. Kar a manta da yarda don zazzage ƙarin albarkatun, suna da mahimmanci don daidaitaccen nuni na wasu wurare.
Tambayoyi, lambobin talla, ƙwai na Ista da sadarwa mai daɗi suna jiran ku.
source: www.habr.com