A daya daga cikin mu , An sadaukar da shi don tsara kayan aiki lokacin aiwatar da Zimbra Haɗin kai Suite a cikin wani kamfani, an ce babban iyakancewa a cikin aikin wannan bayani shine saurin I / O na na'urorin faifai a cikin ajiyar wasiku. Tabbas, a lokacin da ɗaruruwan ma'aikata na kamfani ke samun damar ma'ajiyar wasiku iri ɗaya a lokaci guda, faɗin tashar don rubutu da karanta bayanai daga rumbun faifai ƙila ba ta isa ba don aiwatar da aikin sabis ɗin. Kuma idan don ƙananan shigarwa na Zimbra wannan ba zai zama matsala ta musamman ba, to, a cikin manyan kamfanoni da masu samar da SaaS, duk wannan na iya haifar da imel mara amsa kuma, a sakamakon haka, raguwar ingancin ma'aikata, da kuma cin zarafi. da SLAs. Shi ya sa, lokacin zayyana da aiki da manyan na'urori na Zimbra, ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman don inganta ayyukan rumbun kwamfyuta a ma'ajiyar wasiku. Bari mu dubi shari'o'i guda biyu kuma muyi kokarin gano hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don inganta nauyin a kan ajiyar diski a kowane ɗayan su.
1. Ingantawa lokacin zayyana babban shigarwar Zimbra
A lokacin ƙirar ƙirar Zimbra mai ɗaukar nauyi, mai gudanarwa zai zaɓi tsarin tsarin ajiya don amfani. Domin yanke shawara akan wannan batu, ya kamata ku sani cewa babban kaya akan rumbun kwamfyuta ya fito ne daga MariaDB DBMS da aka haɗa a cikin Zimbra Haɗin kai Suite, injin bincike na Apache Lucene, da ma'ajiyar tsutsa. Shi ya sa don yin aiki da waɗannan samfuran software a ƙarƙashin yanayin nauyi mai nauyi, ya zama dole a yi amfani da kayan aiki masu sauri da aminci.
A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, ana iya shigar da Zimbra duka akan RAID na rumbun kwamfyuta da kuma kan ma'ajiya da aka haɗa ta hanyar yarjejeniya ta NFS. Don ƙananan shigarwa, za ka iya shigar da Zimbra a kan faifan SATA na yau da kullum. Koyaya, a cikin mahallin manyan shigarwa, duk waɗannan fasahohin suna nuna rashin amfani daban-daban ta hanyar rage saurin rikodi ko ƙarancin dogaro, wanda ba a yarda da shi ba ga manyan kamfanoni ko, musamman ga masu samar da SaaS.
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa a cikin manyan abubuwan more rayuwa na Zimbra yana da kyau a yi amfani da SAN. Wannan fasaha ce a halin yanzu tana iya samar da mafi girman kayan aiki don na'urorin ajiya kuma a lokaci guda, godiya ga ikon haɗa babban adadin cache, amfani da shi a zahiri baya haifar da wani babban haɗari ga kasuwancin. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da NVRAM, wanda ake amfani da shi a yawancin SAN don saurin abubuwa yayin rubutawa. Amma yana da kyau a kashe caching na rikodin bayanai a kan faifai da kansu, saboda yana iya haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyarawa ba ga kafofin watsa labarai da asarar bayanai idan matsalolin wutar lantarki sun faru.
Dangane da zabar tsarin fayil, mafi kyawun zaɓi shine amfani da daidaitaccen Linux Ext3/Ext4. Babban abin da ke da alaƙa da tsarin fayil shine cewa yakamata a saka shi tare da sigar - lokaci. Wannan zaɓin zai kashe aikin yin rikodin lokacin samun damar zuwa fayiloli na ƙarshe, wanda ke nufin zai rage nauyi sosai akan karatu da rubutu. Gabaɗaya, lokacin ƙirƙirar tsarin fayil na ext3 ko ext4 don Zimbra, yakamata kuyi amfani da sigogin kayan aiki masu zuwa. kayi 2fs:
-j - Don ƙirƙirar mujallar tsarin fayil Ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil tare da mujallar ext3/ext4.
- L SUNA - Don ƙirƙirar sunan ƙara don amfani da shi a /etc/fstab
-Ya dir_index - Don amfani da bishiyar binciken hashed don hanzarta binciken fayil a cikin manyan kundayen adireshi
-M 2 - Don ajiye 2% na ƙarar a cikin manyan tsarin fayil don tushen directory
-J girma=400 - Don ƙirƙirar babban mujallar
b 4096 - Don ƙayyade girman toshe a cikin bytes
-i 10240 ba - Don ajiyar saƙo, wannan saitin yakamata ya dace da matsakaicin girman saƙon. Ya kamata ku kula sosai ga wannan siga, saboda ba za a iya canza ƙimarsa daga baya ba.
Hakanan ana bada shawarar don kunna dirsync don ma'ajiyar bulob, ma'ajin metadata na neman Lucene, da ajiyar layin MTA. Ya kamata a yi haka saboda Zimbra yawanci yana amfani da kayan aiki fsync don garantin rubuta bulo tare da bayanai zuwa faifai. Koyaya, lokacin da shagon Zimbra ko MTA ke ƙirƙirar sabbin fayiloli yayin isar da saƙo, ya zama dole a rubuta canje-canjen da ke faruwa a cikin manyan fayiloli masu dacewa. Shi ya sa, ko da an riga an rubuta fayil ɗin zuwa faifai ta amfani da shi fsync, rikodin ƙarinsa zuwa kundin adireshi bazai sami lokacin rubutawa zuwa faifai ba kuma, sakamakon haka, na iya ɓacewa saboda gazawar uwar garken kwatsam. Godiya ga amfani dirsync ana iya guje wa waɗannan matsalolin.
2. Ingantawa tare da gudanar da ababen more rayuwa na Zimbra
Sau da yawa yana faruwa cewa bayan shekaru da yawa na amfani da Zimbra, adadin masu amfani da shi yana ƙaruwa sosai kuma sabis ɗin ya zama ƙasa da karɓa kowace rana. Hanyar fita daga wannan yanayin a bayyane yake: kawai kuna buƙatar ƙara sabbin sabobin zuwa abubuwan more rayuwa don sabis ɗin ya sake aiki da sauri kamar da. A halin yanzu, ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a ƙara sabbin sabobin nan da nan zuwa abubuwan more rayuwa don haɓaka aikin sa ba. Manajojin IT sau da yawa suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo suna daidaita sayan sabbin sabobin tare da sashin lissafin kuɗi ko tsaro; Bugu da kari, masu kaya galibi suna barin su waɗanda za su iya sadar da sabon sabar a makare ko ma isar da abin da bai dace ba.
Tabbas, yana da kyau a gina abubuwan more rayuwa na Zimbra tare da ajiyar kuɗi don koyaushe ku sami wurin ajiyarsa don faɗaɗa shi kuma kada ku dogara ga kowa, duk da haka, idan an riga an yi kuskure, manajan IT zai iya warware sakamakonsa kawai. da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu. Misali, manajan IT na iya samun ƙaramin haɓaka haɓakawa ta hanyar kashe sabis na tsarin Linux na ɗan lokaci waɗanda ke samun damar rumbun kwamfyuta akai-akai yayin aiki don haka na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga aikin Zimbra. Don haka, kuna iya kashewa na ɗan lokaci:
autofs, netfs - Sabis na Gano Tsarin Fayil na Nisa
kofuna - Sabis na bugawa
xinetd, vsftpd - Gina-in * Ayyukan NIX waɗanda wataƙila ba za ku buƙaci ba
portmap, rpcsvcgssd, rpcgssd, rpcidmapd - Sabis na kira na nesa, waɗanda galibi ana amfani dasu tare da tsarin fayil ɗin cibiyar sadarwa
dovecot, cyrus-imapd, sendmail, exim, postfix, ldap - Kwafi na manyan abubuwan amfani da aka haɗa a cikin Zimbra Haɗin kai Suite
slocate/updatedb - Tun da Zimbra yana adana kowane saƙo a cikin fayil ɗin daban, gudanar da sabis na sabuntawa kowace rana na iya haifar da matsala, sabili da haka yana yiwuwa a yi wannan da hannu yayin ƙaramin nauyi akan sabobin.
Ajiye albarkatun tsarin sakamakon kashe waɗannan ayyuka ba zai zama mai mahimmanci ba, amma ko da wannan na iya zama da amfani sosai a cikin yanayin da ke kusa da tilasta majeure. Da zarar an ƙara sabon uwar garken zuwa kayan aikin Zimbra, ana ba da shawarar sake kunna ayyukan da aka kashe a baya.
Hakanan zaka iya inganta aikin Zimbra ta hanyar matsar da sabis na syslog zuwa uwar garken daban ta yadda yayin aiki ba zai loda rumbun adana wasiku ba. Kusan kowace kwamfuta ta dace da waɗannan dalilai, har ma da Rasberi Pi mai arha guda ɗaya.
source: www.habr.com