Ci gaba da yin la'akari da fasaha don haɓaka ayyukan I/O kamar yadda aka yi amfani da su ga tsarin ajiya, an fara a ciki , mutum ba zai iya taimakawa ba sai dai ya tsaya kan irin wannan mashahurin zaɓi kamar Tiering Auto. Kodayake akidar wannan aikin tana da kamanceceniya tsakanin masana'antun tsarin ajiya daban-daban, za mu kalli fasalin aiwatar da tiering ta amfani da misali. .
Duk da nau'ikan bayanan da aka adana akan tsarin ajiya, ana iya raba wannan bayanan zuwa ƙungiyoyi da yawa bisa ga buƙatar su (yawan amfani). Mafi mashahuri ("zafi") bayanai yana buƙatar isa ga sauri da wuri, yayin da bayanan da ba a yi amfani da su ba ("sanyi") za'a iya sarrafa su a ƙananan fifiko.
Don tsara irin wannan makirci, ana amfani da aikin tiering. Tsare-tsaren bayanan a wannan yanayin ba ya ƙunshi faifai iri ɗaya ba, amma na ƙungiyoyin fayafai da yawa waɗanda ke samar da matakan ajiya daban-daban. Yin amfani da algorithm na musamman, ana matsar da bayanai ta atomatik tsakanin matakan don tabbatar da iyakar aikin gaba ɗaya.
SHD tallafi har zuwa matakan ajiya guda uku:
- Tier 1: SSD, matsakaicin aiki
- Tier 2: HDD SAS 10K/15K, babban aiki
- Tier 3: HDD NL-SAS 7.2K, matsakaicin iya aiki
Tafkin Tiering na Auto na iya ƙunsar duk matakan uku, ko biyu kawai a kowace haɗuwa. A cikin kowane Tier, ana haɗa tutoci zuwa ƙungiyoyin RAID da aka saba. Don iyakar sassauci, matakin RAID a kowane Tier na iya bambanta. Wato, alal misali, babu abin da zai hana ku tsara tsari kamar 4x SSD RAID10 + 6x HDD 10K RAID5 + 12 HDD 7.2K RAID6
Bayan ƙirƙirar kundin (virtual disks) a kunne tafkin da ke kan sa yana fara tattara bayanan kididdiga game da duk ayyukan I/O. Don yin wannan, sararin samaniya yana "yanke" cikin tubalan 1GB (abin da ake kira sub LUN). A duk lokacin da aka shiga irin wannan block, ana sanya ma'auni na 1. Sa'an nan kuma, bayan lokaci, wannan ma'auni yana raguwa. Bayan sa'o'i 24, idan babu buƙatun I/O zuwa wannan toshe, zai riga ya zama daidai da 0.5 kuma zai ci gaba da faɗuwa kowane sa'a mai zuwa.
A wani lokaci a cikin lokaci (ta tsohuwa, kowace rana da tsakar dare), sakamakon da aka tattara yana da matsayi ta hanyar ayyukan ƙananan LUN dangane da ƙididdigar su. Bisa ga wannan, ana yanke shawara kan shingen da za a motsa da kuma ta wace hanya. Bayan haka, a gaskiya ma, ƙaurawar bayanai tsakanin matakan yana faruwa.
Tsarin ajiya na Qsan yana aiwatar da daidaitaccen tsarin sarrafa tiering ta amfani da sigogi da yawa, wanda ke ba ku damar daidaita aikin ƙarshe na tsararrun cikin sassauƙa.
Don tantance wurin farko na bayanai da fifikon alkiblar motsi, ana amfani da manufofin da aka saita daban don kowane girma:
- Tiering ta atomatik - manufofin tsoho, wuri na farko da jagorancin motsi ana ƙaddara ta atomatik, watau. Bayanan "zafi" yana kula da matakin sama, kuma bayanan "sanyi" yana motsawa ƙasa. An zaɓi wuri na farko bisa ga sararin samaniya a kowane mataki. Amma kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa tsarin da farko yana ƙoƙarin yin amfani da mafi girman abubuwan tafiyarwa. Don haka, idan akwai sarari kyauta, za a sanya bayanai a manyan matakan. Wannan manufar ta dace da yawancin al'amuran da ba za a iya annabta buƙatun bayanai a gaba ba.
- Fara da High sa'an nan Auto Tiering - Bambanci daga na baya shine kawai a farkon wuri na bayanan (a matakin mafi sauri)
- Matsayi mafi girma - bayanai koyaushe suna ƙoƙarin mamaye matakin mafi sauri. Idan an saukar da su yayin aiki, to da zaran an dawo da su. Wannan manufar ta dace da bayanan da ke buƙatar samun dama mafi sauri.
- Ƙananan matakin - bayanai ko da yaushe oyan shagaltar da mafi ƙasƙanci matakin. Wannan manufar tana da kyau ga bayanan da ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba (misali, wuraren ajiya).
- Babu motsi - tsarin ta atomatik yana ƙayyade ainihin wurin bayanan kuma baya motsa shi. Koyaya, ana ci gaba da tattara ƙididdiga idan an buƙaci ƙaurarsu daga baya.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa yayin da aka ayyana manufofin lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri kowane girma, ana iya canza su akai-akai akan tashi a tsawon rayuwar tsarin.
Baya ga tsare-tsare don tsarin tiering, ana kuma saita mita da saurin motsin bayanai tsakanin matakan. Kuna iya saita takamaiman lokacin tafiya: yau da kullun ko a wasu kwanakin mako, sannan kuma rage tazarar tarin ƙididdiga zuwa sa'o'i da yawa (mafi ƙarancin mita - 2 hours). Idan kana buƙatar iyakance lokacin da ake ɗauka don kammala aikin motsi na bayanai, zaku iya saita tsarin lokaci (taga don motsi). Bugu da ƙari, ana kuma nuna saurin ƙaura - hanyoyi 3: sauri, matsakaici, jinkirin.
Idan akwai buƙatar canja wurin bayanai nan da nan, yana yiwuwa a yi shi da hannu a kowane lokaci a umarnin mai gudanarwa.
A bayyane yake cewa mafi yawan lokuta da sauri ana matsar da bayanai tsakanin matakan, mafi sauƙin tsarin ajiya zai zama dacewa da yanayin aiki na yanzu. Amma a lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa motsi shine ƙarin kaya (musamman akan faifai), don haka bai kamata ku “tuba” bayanan ba sai dai idan ya zama dole. Zai fi kyau a tsara motsi a lokutan ƙananan kaya. Idan tsarin tsarin ajiya yana buƙatar koyaushe yana buƙatar babban aiki 24/7, to yana da daraja rage ƙimar ƙaura zuwa ƙarami.
Yawan saitunan harbi ba shakka zai faranta ran masu amfani da ci gaba. Duk da haka, ga waɗanda suka fuskanci irin wannan fasaha a karon farko, babu abin da zai damu. Zai yiwu a amince da saitunan tsoho (Manufar Tiering Auto, motsi a matsakaicin saurin sau ɗaya a rana da dare) kuma, yayin da ƙididdiga ta tara, daidaita wasu sigogi don cimma sakamakon da ake buƙata.
Kwatanta tearing tare da irin wannan shahararriyar fasaha don haɓaka yawan aiki kamar , Ya kamata ku tuna da ka'idodin aiki daban-daban na algorithms su.
SSD caching
Tiering ta atomatik
Tasirin saurin farawa
Kusan nan take. Amma abin lura shine kawai bayan an ɗumi cache ɗin (minti zuwa awanni)
Bayan tattara ƙididdiga (daga sa'o'i 2, da kyau a rana) da lokaci don matsar da bayanan
Tsawancen sakamako
Har sai an maye gurbin bayanan da sabon yanki (awanni-mintuna)
Yayin da ake buƙatar bayanan (awanni XNUMX ko fiye)
Bayarwa don amfani
Ribar aikin gajere na ɗan gajeren lokaci (taskokin bayanai, mahalli na zahiri)
Ƙara yawan aiki na dogon lokaci (fayil, yanar gizo, sabar saƙo)
Hakanan, ɗayan fasalulluka na tiering shine yuwuwar amfani dashi ba kawai don yanayin yanayi kamar “SSD + HDD” ba, har ma da “sauri HDD + jinkirin HDD” ko ma duk matakan uku, wanda ba zai yiwu ba yayin amfani da caching SSD.
Gwaji
Don gwada aikin algorithms tiering, mun gudanar da gwaji mai sauƙi. An ƙirƙiri tafkin matakan SSD guda biyu (RAID 1) + HDD 7.2K (RAID1), wanda aka sanya ƙarar tare da manufar "ƙananan matakin". Wadancan. Yakamata koyaushe su kasance suna kasancewa akan faifai masu jinkirin.
Keɓancewar gudanarwa yana nuna a sarari jeri bayanai tsakanin matakan
Bayan cika ƙarar tare da bayanai, mun canza manufar sanyawa zuwa Tiering Auto kuma mun gudanar da gwajin IOmeter.
Bayan an yi gwajin sa'o'i da yawa, lokacin da tsarin ya sami damar tara ƙididdiga, tsarin ƙaura ya fara.
Bayan an kammala motsin bayanan, ƙarar gwajin mu gaba ɗaya ya “jawo” zuwa matakin sama (SSD).
Tabbatarwa
Auto Tiering fasaha ce mai ban sha'awa wacce ke ba ku damar haɓaka aikin tsarin ajiya tare da ƙaramin abu da tsadar lokaci ta hanyar yin amfani da manyan faifai masu sauri. An nema zuwa kawai saka hannun jari shine lasisi, wanda aka saya sau ɗaya kuma gaba ɗaya ba tare da hani akan ƙarar / adadin diski / shelves / da sauransu. Wannan aikin yana sanye da irin waɗannan saitunan masu wadata wanda zai iya gamsar da kusan kowane aikin kasuwanci. Kuma gani na tafiyar matakai a cikin dubawa zai ba ka damar sarrafa na'urar yadda ya kamata.
source: www.habr.com