Kun tambayi don nuna ainihin misalan amfani da abubuwan tafiyar da kasuwancin mu na SSD da gwaje-gwajen ƙwararru. Muna ba ku dalla-dalla dalla-dalla na abubuwan tafiyarmu na SSD daga abokin aikinmu Truesystems. Kwararrun tsarin tsarin gaskiya sun tattara sabar na gaske kuma sun kwaikwayi ingantattun matsalolin da duk SSDs na kasuwanci ke fuskanta. Bari mu ga abin da suka zo da shi!
2019 Kingston jerin
Na farko, ɗan ƙaramin ka'idar bushewa. Ana iya raba duk Kingston SSDs zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi huɗu. Wannan rarrabuwa tana da sharadi, tunda tuƙi iri ɗaya sun faɗi cikin iyalai da yawa lokaci ɗaya.
- SATA SSD a cikin 2,5 ″, M.2 da mSATA nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwan Kingston UV500 da samfura biyu na tafiyarwa tare da NVMe interface - Kingston A1000 da Kingston KC2000;
- . Samfura iri ɗaya kamar a cikin rukunin da suka gabata kuma, ƙari, SATA SSD Kingston A400;
- : UV500 da KC2000;
- . DC500 jerin tafiyarwa, wanda ya zama gwarzo na wannan bita. An raba layin DC500 zuwa DC500R (karantawa na farko, 0,5 DWPD) da DC500M (nauyin cakude, 1,3 DWPD).
A kan gwajin, Truesystems yana da Kingston DC500R mai ƙarfin 960 GB da Kingston DC500M tare da 1920 GB na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Bari mu sabunta tunaninmu akan halayensu:
Saukewa: Kingston DC500R
- girma: 480, 960, 1920, 3840 GB
- Fasali: 2,5 ″, tsayi 7 mm
- Interface: SATA 3.0, 6 Gbit/s
- Ayyukan da aka yi da'awar (samfurin GB 960)
- Samun jeri: karanta - 555 MB/s, rubuta - 525 MB/s
- Samun damar bazuwar (toshe 4 KB): karanta - 98 IOPS, rubuta - 000 IOPS
- Latency QoS (tushe 4 KB, QD = 1, kashi 99,9): karanta - 500 µs, rubuta - 2 ms
- Girman sashin da aka kwaikwayi: 512 bytes (ma'ana/na zahiri)
- Saukewa: 0,5DWPD
- Lokacin garanti: shekaru 5
Kingston DC 500M
- girma: 480, 960, 1920, 3840 GB
- Fasali: 2,5 ″, tsayi 7 mm
- Interface: SATA 3.0, 6 Gbit/s
- Ayyukan da aka yi da'awar (samfurin GB 1920)
- Samun jeri: karanta - 555 MB/s, rubuta - 520 MB/s
- Samun damar bazuwar (toshe 4 KB): karanta - 98 IOPS, rubuta - 000 IOPS
- Latency QoS (tushe 4 KB, QD = 1, kashi 99,9): karanta - 500 µs, rubuta - 2 ms
- Girman sashin da aka kwaikwayi: 512 bytes (ma'ana/na zahiri)
- Saukewa: 1,3DWPD
- Lokacin garanti: shekaru 5
Kwararrun tsarin tsarin gaskiya sun lura cewa abubuwan tafiyar Kingston suna nuna ƙimar QoS na jimlar latency a matsayin matsakaicin ƙimar kashi 99,9% (99,9% na duk ƙimar za ta kasance ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar). Wannan alama ce mai mahimmanci musamman ga masu tafiyar da uwar garken, tunda aikin su yana buƙatar tsinkaya, kwanciyar hankali da rashin daskarewa da ba zato ba tsammani. Idan kun san abin da aka ƙayyade jinkirin QoS a cikin ƙayyadaddun tuƙi, zaku iya hasashen aikinsa, wanda ya dace sosai.
Gwajin sigogi
An gwada duka tutocin biyu a cikin benci na gwaji da ke kwaikwayon sabar. Halayensa:
- Intel Xeon Processor E5-2620 V4 (8 cores, 2,1 GHz, HT kunna)
- 32 ГБ pамяти
- Supermicro X10SRi-F motherboard (1x soket R3, Intel C612)
- CentOS Linux 7.6.1810
- Don samar da kaya, an yi amfani da sigar FIO 3.14
Kuma sake game da waɗanne kayan aikin SSD aka gwada:
- Kingston DC500R 960 GB (SEDC500R960G)
- Firmware: SCEKJ2.3
- girma: 960 bytes
- Kingston DC500M 1920 GB (SEDC500M1920G)
- Firmware: SCEKJ2.3
- Объём: 1 920 383 410 176 байт
Hanyar Gwaji
Dangane da sanannen saitin gwaje-gwaje , duk da haka, masu gwadawa sun yi gyare-gyare zuwa gare shi don sanya lodi kusa da ainihin amfani da SSDs na kamfani a cikin 2019. A cikin bayanin kowane gwaji, za mu lura da ainihin abin da aka canza kuma me yasa.
Gwajin Input/Output Aiki (IOPS)
Wannan gwajin yana auna IOPS don nau'ikan toshe daban-daban (1024 KB, 128 KB, 64 KB, 32 KB, 16 KB, 8 KB, 4 KB, 0,5 KB) da damar shiga bazuwar tare da ma'aunin karatu / karantawa daban-daban. rikodin (100/0) , 95/5, 65/35, 50/50, 35/65, 5/95, 0/100). Kwararru na Truesystems sun yi amfani da sigogi na gwaji masu zuwa: 16 zaren tare da zurfin layi na 8. A lokaci guda, 0,5 KB block (512 bytes) ba a gudanar da shi ba kwata-kwata, tun da girmansa ya yi ƙanƙanta don ɗaukar nauyin kaya.
Kingston DC500R a cikin gwajin IOPS
Bayanan tebur:
Kingston DC500M a gwajin IOPS
Bayanan tebur:
Gwajin IOPS baya nufin isa ga yanayin jikewa, don haka yana da sauƙin wucewa. Duka faifai sun yi aiki da kyau, suna cika cikakkiyar cika ƙayyadaddun masana'anta da aka bayyana. Abubuwan gwajin sun nuna kyakkyawan aiki a rubuce a cikin 4 KB tubalan: 70 da 88 dubu IOPS. Wannan yana da kyau, musamman ga Kingston DC500R mai dogaro da karatu. Dangane da ayyukan karantawa da kansu, waɗannan na'urori na SSD ba wai kawai sun wuce ƙimar masana'anta ba, har ma gabaɗaya suna kusanci rufin aikin ƙirar SATA.
Gwajin bandwidth
Wannan gwajin yana bincika abubuwan da aka shigar. Wato, duka na'urori na SSD suna yin karatu da rubutu akai-akai a cikin tubalan 1 MB da 128 KB. Zaren 8 tare da zurfin jerin gwano na 16 kowane zaren.
Kingston DC500R
- 128 KB jeri karanta: 539,81 MB/s
- 128 KB rubutu na jeri: 416,16 MB/s
- 1 MB mai karantawa: 539,98 MB/s
- Rubutun 1 MB: 425,18 MB/s
Kingston DC 500M:
- 128 KB jeri karanta: 539,27 MB/s
- 128 KB rubutu na jeri: 518,97 MB/s
- 1 MB mai karantawa: 539,44 MB/s
- Rubutun 1 MB: 518,48 MB/s
Kuma a nan mun ga cewa saurin karantawa na SSD ya kusanci iyakar kayan aiki na SATA 3. Gabaɗaya, Kingston Drives ba sa nuna matsala tare da karatun jeri.
Rubuce-rubucen jeri ya ɗan ɗan ɗan ɗanɗana, wanda ya bayyana musamman a cikin Kingston DC500R, wanda ke cikin aji mai saurin karantawa, wato, an ƙirƙira shi don karatu mai zurfi. Don haka, Kingston DC500R a cikin wannan ɓangaren gwajin ya samar da ƙima ko da ƙasa da yadda aka bayyana. Amma masanan Truesystems sun yi imanin cewa ga motar da ba a tsara ta don irin waɗannan nauyin ba kwata-kwata (tuna cewa DC500R yana da albarkatun 0,5 DWPD), waɗannan 400-plus MB / s har yanzu ana iya la'akari da kyakkyawan sakamako.
Gwajin jinkiri
Kamar yadda muka riga muka lura, wannan shine mafi mahimmancin gwaji don tuƙi na kamfani. Bayan haka, ana iya amfani da shi don tantance matsalolin da ke tasowa yayin amfani da SSD na yau da kullun na dogon lokaci. Daidaitaccen gwajin SNIA PTS yana auna matsakaici da matsakaicin latency don nau'ikan toshe daban-daban (8 KB, 4 KB, 0,5 KB) da ƙimar karantawa / rubuta (100/0, 65/35, 0/100) a ƙaramin layin layi (1) QD = 1). Koyaya, masu gyara na Truesystems sun yanke shawarar gyara shi sosai don samun ƙarin ƙima na gaske:
- Banda toshe 0,5 KB;
- Maimakon nauyin zaren guda ɗaya tare da layi na 1 da 32, nauyin ya bambanta a cikin adadin zaren (1, 2, 4) da zurfin layi (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32);
- Maimakon rabo na 65/35, ana amfani da 70/30 kamar yadda ya fi dacewa;
- Ba kawai matsakaici da matsakaicin ƙima ba, har ma da kaso na 99%, 99,9%;
- don ƙimar da aka zaɓa na adadin zaren, jadawalin latency (99%, 99,9% da matsakaicin ƙima) ana ƙirƙira su akan IOPS don duk tubalan da ƙimar karantawa/rubutu.
An ƙididdige bayanan sama da huɗu na zagaye na 25 masu ɗaukar daƙiƙa 35 (dumi 5 + 30-na biyu lodi) kowanne. Don zane-zane, masu gyara na Truesystems sun zaɓi jerin dabi'u tare da zurfin layi daga 1 zuwa 32 tare da zaren 1-4. Anyi wannan ne don auna aikin tuƙi tare da la'akari da latency, wato, mafi kyawun alama.
Matsakaicin ma'aunin jinkiri:
Wannan jadawali yana nuna a sarari bambanci tsakanin DC500R da DC500M. Kingston DC500R an tsara shi don ayyukan karantawa mai zurfi, don haka adadin ayyukan rubutu a zahiri ba ya ƙaruwa tare da ƙara nauyi, saura a 25.
Idan ka kalli kaya mai gauraya (70% rubuta da 30% karantawa), bambanci tsakanin DC500R da DC500M shima ya kasance sananne. Idan muka ɗauki nauyin da ya dace da latency na 400 microse seconds, zamu iya ganin cewa babban manufar DC500M yana da sau uku aikin. Wannan kuma abu ne na halitta kuma ya samo asali ne daga halayen tuƙi.
Wani daki-daki mai ban sha'awa shine cewa DC500M ya fi DC500R ko da a 100% karantawa, yana ba da ƙarancin jinkiri don adadin IOPS. Bambancin ƙananan ne, amma mai ban sha'awa sosai.
Kashi 99% na latency:
Kashi 99.9% na latency:
Yin amfani da waɗannan jadawali, ƙwararrun tsarin tsarin Truesystems sun bincika amincin abubuwan da aka ayyana don jinkirin QoS. Ƙididdiga sun nuna 0,5 ms karanta da 2 ms rubuta don 4 KB block tare da zurfin layi na 1. Muna alfaharin bayar da rahoton cewa an tabbatar da waɗannan alkaluman, kuma tare da babban gefe. Abin sha'awa, ƙaramin jinkirin karantawa (280-290 μs don DC500R da 250-260 μs don DC500M) ana samun su ba tare da QD=1 ba, amma tare da 2-4.
Rubutun latency a QD = 1 shine 50 μs (ana samun irin wannan ƙananan latency saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin ƙananan nauyin cache ɗin yana da tabbacin samun lokaci don yantar da shi, kuma koyaushe muna ganin jinkiri lokacin rubutawa zuwa cache). Wannan adadi ya ninka sau 40 ƙasa da ƙimar da aka ayyana!
Gwajin Aiki Na Cigaba
Wani gwaji na gaske wanda ke bincika canje-canjen aiki (IOPS da latency) yayin dogon aiki mai ƙarfi. Yanayin aiki shine rikodin bazuwar a cikin 4KB tubalan na mintuna 600. Manufar wannan gwajin ita ce, a ƙarƙashin irin wannan nauyin, SSD ɗin yana shiga yanayin jikewa, lokacin da mai sarrafawa ke ci gaba da yin sharar sharar don shirya abubuwan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kyauta don rubutu. Wato, wannan shine yanayin da ya fi gajiyawa - daidai abin da SSDs masu zaman kansu ke fuskanta a cikin sabar na ainihi.
Dangane da sakamakon gwajin, Truesystems sun sami alamun aiki masu zuwa:
Babban sakamakon wannan ɓangaren gwajin: duka Kingston DC500R da Kingston DC500M a cikin aiki na gaske sun wuce ƙimar masana'anta. Lokacin da tubalan da aka shirya suka ƙare, yanayin jikewa ya fara, Kingston DC500R ya kasance a 22 IOPS (maimakon 000 IOPS). Kingston DC20M yana tsayawa a cikin kewayon 000-500, kodayake bayanin martabar tuƙi ya faɗi 77 IOPS. Har ila yau, wannan gwajin yana nuna bambanci tsakanin faifai: idan tsarin aiki na tuƙi ya ƙunshi babban rabo na ayyukan rubutu, Kingston DC78M ya zama mafi girma fiye da sau uku (muna tuna cewa DC000M ya nuna rashin jinkiri a cikin ayyukan karantawa). ).
Latencies yayin ayyukan rubutu na dindindin ana ƙirƙira su a cikin jadawali mai zuwa. Matsakaici, 99%, 99,9% da 99,99% bisa dari.
Mun ga cewa latency na duka tafiyarwa yana ƙaruwa daidai gwargwado ga raguwar aiki, ba tare da dips mai kaifi ko kololuwar da ba za a iya bayyanawa ba. Wannan yana da kyau sosai, tunda tsinkaya shine ainihin abin da ake tsammani daga abubuwan tafiyar kasuwanci. Masana tsarin gaskiya sun jaddada cewa gwajin ya faru ne a cikin zaren 8 tare da zurfin layi na 16 a kowane zaren, don haka ba cikakkun dabi'u ba ne suke da mahimmanci, amma haɓakawa. Lokacin da suka gwada DC400, an sami tsaiko mai tsanani a cikin wannan gwajin saboda aikin na'urar, amma a cikin wannan jadawali Kingston DC500R da Kingston DC500M ba su da irin wannan matsala.
Load Rarraba Latency
A matsayin kari, masu gyara na Truesystems sun gudanar da Kingston DC500R da Kingston DC500M ta hanyar gwaji mai sauƙi na 13 na SNIA SSS PTS 2.0.1 ƙayyadaddun bayanai. An yi nazarin rarraba jinkiri a ƙarƙashin kaya a cikin nau'i na musamman na CBW:
Girman toshe:
Loda rarraba a fadin girman ma'aji:
Adadin karatu/rubutu: 60/40%.
Bayan amintaccen gogewa da shigar da kaya, masu gwajin sun yi zagaye na 10-60 na babban gwajin don ƙididdige zaren 1-4 da zurfin jerin gwano na 1-32. Dangane da sakamakon, an gina histogram na rarraba dabi'u daga zagayen da suka dace da matsakaicin aiki (IOPS). Don duka faifai guda biyu an cimma su da zare ɗaya tare da zurfin layi na 4.
A sakamakon haka, an sami waɗannan dabi'u:
DC500R: 17949 IOPS a 594 µs latency
DC500M: 18880 IOPS a 448µs.
An yi nazari akan rarraba latency daban don karantawa da rubutawa.
ƙarshe
Editocin Truesystems sun zo ga ƙarshe cewa aikin gwajin Kingston DC500R da Kingston DC500M an fassara shi da kyau. Kingston DC500R yana jure wa ayyukan karatu da kyau, kuma ana iya ba da shawarar azaman kayan aikin ƙwararru don ayyuka masu dacewa. Don gaurayawan lodi kuma lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi, Truesystems yana ba da shawarar Kingston DC500M. Har ila yau, littafin ya lura da kyawawan farashi don duk layin ƙirar keɓaɓɓun abubuwan tafiyar da kamfani na Kingston kuma ya yarda cewa canji zuwa TLC 3D-NAND da gaske ya taimaka rage farashin ba tare da rasa inganci ba. Kwararrun tsarin tsarin gaskiya kuma sun son babban matakin goyon bayan fasaha na Kingston da garantin shekaru biyar don jerin abubuwan tuƙi na DC500
PS Muna tunatar da ku cewa .
Don ƙarin bayani game da samfuran Fasaha na Kingston, tuntuɓi .
source: www.habr.com