Wane nau'in firmware ne ya fi "daidai" da "aiki"? Idan tsarin ajiya ya ba da tabbacin haƙurin kuskure na 99,9999%, hakan yana nufin zai yi aiki ba tare da katsewa ba ko da ba tare da sabunta software ba? Ko, akasin haka, don samun matsakaicin haƙurin kuskure, ya kamata koyaushe ku shigar da sabon firmware? Za mu yi ƙoƙarin amsa waɗannan tambayoyin bisa ga kwarewarmu.
Karamin gabatarwa
Dukanmu mun fahimci cewa kowane nau'in software, ya kasance tsarin aiki ko direba don na'ura, galibi yana ƙunshe da lahani / kwari da sauran "fasali" waɗanda ƙila ba za su “bayyana” har sai ƙarshen rayuwar sabis na kayan aiki, ko “buɗe” kawai a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa. Lambobi da mahimmancin irin waɗannan nuances sun dogara ne akan rikitarwa (aiki) na software da kuma ingancin gwaji yayin haɓaka ta.
Sau da yawa, masu amfani suna tsayawa a kan "firmware daga masana'anta" (sanannen "yana aiki, don haka kada ku yi rikici da shi") ko koyaushe shigar da sabon sigar (a fahimtar su, sabuwar tana nufin mafi aiki). Muna amfani da wata hanya ta daban - muna duba bayanan saki don duk abin da aka yi amfani da shi kayan aiki kuma a hankali zaɓi firmware mai dacewa don kowane yanki na kayan aiki.
Mun zo ga ƙarshe, kamar yadda suke faɗa, tare da gogewa. Yin amfani da misalin aikin mu, za mu gaya muku dalilin da ya sa 99,9999% da aka yi alkawarin dogaro da tsarin ajiya ba ya nufin kome ba idan ba ku hanzarta saka idanu da sabunta software da kwatance ba. Shari'ar mu ta dace da masu amfani da tsarin ajiya daga kowane mai siyarwa, tun da irin wannan yanayin na iya faruwa tare da kayan masarufi daga kowane masana'anta.
Zaɓin Sabon Tsarin Ma'aji
A ƙarshen shekarar da ta gabata, an ƙara tsarin adana bayanai mai ban sha'awa zuwa kayan aikinmu: ƙaramin ƙirar daga layin IBM FlashSystem 5000, wanda a lokacin sayan ake kira Storwize V5010e. Yanzu ana sayar da shi a ƙarƙashin sunan FlashSystem 5010, amma a zahiri tushen kayan masarufi iri ɗaya ne tare da Spectrum Virtualize a ciki.
Kasancewar tsarin gudanarwa na haɗin kai shine, ta hanya, babban bambanci tsakanin IBM FlashSystem. Ga samfuran ƙaramin jerin, a zahiri ba shi da bambanci da samfuran mafi inganci. Zaɓin takamaiman samfurin kawai yana samar da tushen kayan aikin da ya dace, halayen da ke sa ya yiwu a yi amfani da ɗaya ko wani aiki ko samar da matsayi mafi girma. Software yana gano kayan masarufi kuma yana ba da aikin da ya dace kuma ya dace don wannan dandamali.
IBM FlashSystem 5010
A taƙaice game da samfurin mu na 5010. Wannan tsarin tsarin ajiya na toshe mai sarrafa dual-controller ne. Yana iya ɗaukar faifan NLSAS, SAS, SSD. Ba a samun wurin NVMe a ciki, tunda an saita wannan ƙirar ma'aji don magance matsalolin da basa buƙatar aikin tafiyar NVMe.
An sayi tsarin ma'aji don ɗaukar bayanan adana bayanai ko bayanan da ba a samun dama da su akai-akai. Don haka, ƙayyadaddun tsarin aikin sa ya ishe mu: Tiering (Mai Sauƙi), Taimako Mai Kauri. Yin aiki akan faifai NLSAS a matakin 1000-2000 IOPS shima ya gamsar da mu.
Kwarewarmu - yadda ba mu sabunta firmware akan lokaci ba
Yanzu game da sabunta software kanta. A lokacin siye, tsarin ya riga ya sami ɗan tsufa na software na Spectrum Virtualize, wato, 8.2.1.3.
Mun yi nazarin kwatancen firmware kuma mun tsara sabuntawa zuwa 8.2.1.9. Idan da mun kasance mafi inganci, wannan labarin ba zai wanzu ba - kwaro ba zai faru akan firmware kwanan nan ba. Koyaya, saboda wasu dalilai, an jinkirta sabunta wannan tsarin.
Sakamakon haka, ɗan jinkirin sabuntawa ya haifar da hoto mara kyau, kamar yadda yake a cikin bayanin a mahaɗin: .
Ee, a cikin firmware na waccan sigar abin da ake kira APAR (Rahoton Binciken Shirye-shiryen Izini) HU02104 ya dace. Ya bayyana kamar haka. A karkashin kaya, a karkashin wasu yanayi, cache ya fara cikawa, to, tsarin ya shiga cikin yanayin kariya, wanda ya kashe I / O don tafkin. A cikin yanayinmu, yana kama da cire haɗin diski 3 don ƙungiyar RAID a cikin yanayin RAID 6. Cire haɗin yana faruwa na mintuna 6. Bayan haka, an dawo da samun damar yin amfani da Juzu'i a cikin Pool.
Idan wani bai saba da tsari da suna na mahallin ma'ana ba a cikin mahallin IBM Spectrum Virtualize, yanzu zan yi bayani a takaice.
Tsarin tsarin ajiya abubuwa masu ma'ana
Ana tattara fayafai zuwa ƙungiyoyi masu suna MDisk (Managed Disk). MDisk na iya zama RAID na yau da kullun (0,1,10,5,6) ko kuma wanda aka kama - DRAID (Rarraba RAID). Amfani da DRAID yana ba ku damar haɓaka aikin tsararru, saboda ... Za a yi amfani da duk faifai da ke cikin rukunin, kuma za a rage lokacin sake ginawa, saboda wasu ɓangarorin kawai za a buƙaci a dawo dasu, kuma ba duk bayanan da ke cikin faifan da ya gaza ba.
Rarraba bayanan toshe a cikin faifai lokacin amfani da Rarraba RAID (DRAID) a yanayin RAID-5.
Kuma wannan zane yana nuna ma'anar yadda gyare-gyaren DRAID ke aiki a cikin yanayin rashin nasarar diski ɗaya:
Dabarun sake gina DRAID lokacin da diski ɗaya ya gaza
Na gaba, ɗaya ko fiye Mdisks suna samar da abin da ake kira Pool. A cikin tafkin guda ɗaya, ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da MDisk tare da matakan RAID/DRAID daban-daban akan fayafai iri ɗaya ba. Ba za mu shiga cikin wannan da zurfi ba, saboda ... muna shirin rufe wannan a ɗaya daga cikin talifi na gaba. To, a zahiri, Pool ya kasu kashi-kashi, waɗanda aka gabatar ta amfani da ɗaya ko wata hanyar toshe hanyar shiga ga runduna.
Don haka, mu, a sakamakon yanayin da aka bayyana a ciki Farashin HU02104, saboda rashin ma'ana na faifai uku, MDisk ya daina aiki, wanda, bi da bi, ya haifar da gazawar Pool da madaidaitan Volumes.
Saboda waɗannan tsarin suna da wayo sosai, ana iya haɗa su zuwa tsarin sa ido na tushen girgije na IBM Storage Insights, wanda ke aika buƙatar sabis ta atomatik zuwa goyan bayan IBM idan matsala ta faru. An ƙirƙiri aikace-aikacen kuma ƙwararrun IBM suna gudanar da bincike daga nesa kuma suna tuntuɓar mai amfani da tsarin.
Godiya ga wannan, an warware batun cikin sauri kuma an karɓi shawara mai sauri daga sabis na tallafi don sabunta tsarin mu zuwa firmware 8.2.1.9 da aka zaɓa a baya, wanda a wancan lokacin an riga an gyara shi. Yana tabbatarwa .
Sakamako da shawarwarinmu
Kamar yadda maganar ke cewa: "duk yana da kyau wanda ya ƙare da kyau." Kwaro a cikin firmware bai haifar da matsala mai tsanani ba - an dawo da sabobin da wuri-wuri kuma ba tare da asarar bayanai ba. Wasu abokan ciniki dole ne su sake kunna injunan kama-da-wane, amma gabaɗaya mun kasance a shirye don ƙarin sakamako mara kyau, tunda muna yin ajiyar yau da kullun na duk abubuwan abubuwan more rayuwa da injunan abokin ciniki.
Mun sami tabbacin cewa ko da tsarin dogara da 99,9999% da aka yi alkawarin samuwa yana buƙatar kulawa da kulawa na lokaci. Bisa ga halin da ake ciki, mun zana ra'ayi da yawa don kanmu kuma mun raba shawarwarinmu:
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Yana da mahimmanci a saka idanu akan fitar da sabuntawa, nazarin Bayanan Sakin don gyara abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci, da aiwatar da sabuntawar da aka tsara a kan lokaci.
Wannan wata ƙungiya ce kuma har ma a bayyane take, wanda, da alama, bai dace a mai da hankali a kai ba. Koyaya, akan wannan “ƙasa matakin” zaka iya tuntuɓe cikin sauƙi. A zahiri, wannan lokacin ne ya ƙara matsalolin da aka kwatanta a sama. Yi hankali sosai lokacin zana ƙa'idodin sabuntawa kuma saka idanu akan bin su a hankali. Wannan batu yana da alaƙa da ma'anar "ladabtarwa".
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Yana da kyau koyaushe a kiyaye tsarin tare da sabon sigar software. Bugu da ƙari, wanda na yanzu ba shine wanda ke da ƙima mai girma ba, amma wanda yake da kwanan wata saki.
Misali, IBM tana adana aƙalla fitar da software guda biyu har zuwa yau don tsarin ajiyar ta. A lokacin wannan rubutun, waɗannan sune 8.2 da 8.3. Sabuntawa don 8.2 sun fito a baya. Irin wannan sabuntawa don 8.3 yawanci ana fitowa tare da ɗan jinkiri.
Sakin 8.3 yana da fa'idodi masu yawa na aiki, misali, ikon faɗaɗa MDisk (a cikin yanayin DRAID) ta ƙara ɗaya ko fiye da sabbin fayafai (wannan fasalin ya bayyana tun daga sigar 8.3.1). Wannan ingantaccen aiki ne na asali, amma a cikin 8.2, abin takaici, babu irin wannan fasalin.
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Idan ba zai yiwu a sabunta ba saboda wasu dalilai, to don nau'ikan software na Spectrum Virtualize kafin nau'ikan 8.2.1.9 da 8.3.1.0 (inda kwaro da aka bayyana a sama ya dace), don rage haɗarin faruwar sa, tallafin fasaha na IBM ya ba da shawarar. iyakance aikin tsarin a matakin tafkin, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa (an ɗauki hoton a cikin Russified version of GUI). Ana nuna ƙimar 10000 IOPS azaman misali kuma an zaɓa bisa ga halayen tsarin ku.
Iyakance aikin ajiya na IBM
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Wajibi ne don ƙididdige nauyin nauyin daidai akan tsarin ajiya kuma kauce wa overloading. Don yin wannan, za ka iya amfani da ko dai IBM size (idan kana da damar yin amfani da shi), ko taimakon abokan tarayya, ko na ɓangare na uku albarkatun. Yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar bayanin martaba akan tsarin ajiya, saboda Ayyuka a cikin MB/s da IOPS sun bambanta sosai dangane da aƙalla sigogi masu zuwa:
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nau'in aiki: karanta ko rubuta,
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girman block size,
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kashi na karantawa da rubuta ayyukan a cikin jimillar rafin I/O.
Hakanan, saurin ayyuka yana shafar yadda ake karanta tubalan bayanai: a jere ko cikin tsari bazuwar. Lokacin yin ayyukan samun damar bayanai da yawa a gefen aikace-aikacen, akwai manufar ayyukan dogaro. Hakanan yana da kyau a yi la'akari da wannan. Duk wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen ganin jimlar bayanai daga masu ƙididdigewa na OS, tsarin ajiya, sabobin / masu haɓakawa, da kuma fahimtar fasalulluka na aikace-aikacen, DBMSs da sauran "masu amfani" na albarkatun faifai.
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Kuma a ƙarshe, tabbatar da samun abubuwan adanawa na zamani da aiki. Ya kamata a daidaita jadawalin ajiyar kuɗi bisa ƙimar RPO da aka yarda da ita don kasuwancin, kuma ya kamata a tabbatar da amincin bayanan bayanan lokaci-lokaci (kaɗan masu siyar da software na ajiya sun aiwatar da tabbatarwa ta atomatik a cikin samfuran su) don tabbatar da ƙimar RTO mai karɓuwa.
Na gode don karantawa har zuwa ƙarshe.
Mun shirya don amsa tambayoyinku da sharhi a cikin sharhi. Hakanan, A cikin abin da muke riƙe tallace-tallace na yau da kullum (ragi akan IaaS da kyauta don lambobin talla har zuwa 100% akan VPS), rubuta labarai masu ban sha'awa da kuma sanar da sababbin labarai a kan Habr blog.
source: www.habr.com