Nan da nan , wanda aka buga makonni biyu da suka gabata, ya zama sananne kuma har zuwa Maris 10 an ƙara shi zuwa alamomi ta 781 
mutane, an duba sau 123 kuma Habr ma ya haɗa da toshe talla a cikin sashin "Shawarwari" mai alamar "Mai sha'awa."
Mitoci 1500 na igiyoyin da aka shimfiɗa ba a ganin su bayan kammala gyaran. A cikin hoton akwai ɗakin kwana
Anan ne ci gaban labarin, inda zan amsa sharhi, samar da hotunan ɗakin tare da kayan daki, sakamakon wutar lantarki, sannan kuma magana game da matsalolin da na fuskanta bayan na canza daga openHAB zuwa wani tsarin sarrafa kansa na gida - Mataimakin Gida .
Ga wadanda suka ji wannan labarin a karon farko, zan ce na yi mafarki don yin mafi cikakken aiki da kai a cikin Apartment. Wannan mafarkin ya zo gare ni lokacin da na fara sha'awar "Gidaje masu wayo" a cikin 2014. Amma har zuwa 2018, ba zan iya fara aiwatar da shi ba saboda dalili banal - babu wani ɗakin.
В Na rubuta game da zaɓin fasaha, samar da zane-zane na waya, hotuna, da kuma samar da hanyar haɗi zuwa lambar tushe don daidaitawar ɗakin gida a cikin openHAB (budewar kayan aiki na gida da aka rubuta a Java).
A kashi na biyu da kuke karantawa yanzu, ina so in fara da martani ga sharhin da aka yi a kashi na farko na labarin, wanda adadinsu ya kai 467, wanda daga ciki na fahimci cewa watakila ba zan iya cika cikakkiyar fahimta ta ba cewa. Ina so in yi mafi cikakken wayoyi horo don sarrafa kansa na gaba. Wannan ya zama dole don yin amfani da kowane mai sarrafawa a nan gaba, ba tare da an ɗaure shi da takamaiman masana'anta ba da kuma haɗa fasahohi daban-daban. A halin yanzu wannan yana yiwuwa ta amfani da shi .
Amsa ga sharhi
Na shiga cikin batun sarrafa kansa na gida tsawon shekaru da yawa yanzu a matsayin ƙwararren gwaninta, don yin magana - Ba ni da fa'idar kasuwanci daga sha'awa ta, amma ina son tsarin kanta. A baya, kafin in sami wannan ɗakin mai ɗaki ɗaya, yana da wahala a gare ni in aiwatar da wani abu a cikin gidana. A gida, kamar yawancin mutane, akwai fuskar bangon waya a bango, babu wanda ya san wanda ya yi aikin lantarki (kuma babu wanda ya san lokacin), amma idan, misali, ina so in rataya sandar labulen lantarki? Farashin su yana da ma'ana sosai (~ $ 100) idan kun yi oda a wajen Rasha, amma menene game da wayoyi? Ba shi yiwuwa a sarrafa labule idan babu wutar lantarki. Me zan yi? Gudu da kebul daga kanti zuwa taga? Rataye shi tare da gammaye na m kai? Ko da na gamsu da wannan zabin, akwai wasu halittu da ke zaune a cikin ɗakin tare da ni - masu rai - mata, yara, dabbobi. Idan akwai igiyoyi da ke rataye a ko'ina, menene zai faru? Yaya lafiya zai kasance ga mazauna? Gabaɗaya, wannan koyaushe ya hana ni.
Saboda sha'awar rataya kowane mabukaci akan kebul na daban, har ma da kwamiti na yau da kullun ba tare da sarrafa kansa ba ya girma zuwa 54 modular. Hoton yana nuna garkuwar wutar lantarki ba tare da sarrafa kansa ba tare da 1 din Sinawa na atomatik, kai tsaye bayan haɗuwa a cikin 2018.
Kuma a cikin wannan ɗakin na sami damar yin hakan cikakken shiri don sarrafa kansa na gida. Daidai shiri. Yi tunani ta duk zaɓuɓɓukan, Ina da gogewa. Yanke shawarar yadda za a yi mafi kyau don daga baya ba za ku fuskanci wahalar tunani ba saboda gaskiyar cewa duk "gyare-gyare" sun riga sun shirya, amma na manta da haɗa kebul don wannan firikwensin. Kuna iya tambayar abin da kebul don firikwensin a cikin 2017 (bayan haka, an yi duk ƙirar a cikin 2017, ba 2020 ba)? Tabbas, na san da kyau cewa akwai shirye-shiryen da aka yi da kuma maras tsada, kamar Xiaomi MiHome mai amfani da baturi. Ko Fibaro na Poland (ba mai tsada ba kuma). Ko na'urori masu auna firikwensin kasar Sin da aka haɗa da samfuran masana'anta akan ESP8266 daga Espressif Systems tare da haɗin Wi-Fi. Amma ga waɗannan kuna buƙatar abinci. Duk abin da ke da alaƙa da batura yana kama ni da rabin ma'auni - har yanzu kuna buƙatar kula da su, sabanin hanyoyin da aka haɗa da waya ko ma ESP8266. Ko da suna da ƙarfin baturi, ana shigar da su a wurarensu kusan "har abada" - yana da wuya wani ya motsa su daga wuri zuwa wuri, canza matsayi a ƙofar, misali. Bugu da ƙari, akwai tambaya game da farashin - na'urori masu auna firikwensin waya sau da yawa suna da rahusa kuma sun fi dogara a cikin aiki. Bugu da ƙari, kebul ɗin kuma ba shi da tsada, amma idan yana yiwuwa a shigar da shi "ba tare da snot" ba kuma ba tare da lalata gyara ba.
Electromagnetic radiation
Da yawa a cikin sharhin labarina da ake magana a kai "" Da alama a gare ni cewa idan da gaske kuna son amfani da jin daɗin gida mai wayo, to, mafita mai waya shine ɗayan mafi aminci ga lafiyar ɗan adam, idan kun bi ma'anar labarin.
Kuma a cikin sababbin gine-gine na zamani, tashoshi na Wi-Fi a cikin kewayon 2,4 GHz suna da "datti", a nan akwai ainihin misali daga aikin - dangi suna da Intanet mai kyau a lokacin rana, amma da maraice ba shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da shi. Juyawa zuwa 5 GHz ya warware matsalar su.
Wurin da aka haɗa duk kilomita ɗaya da rabi na igiyoyi ta hanyar amfani da topology na tauraron yana cikin falon gidan. Wuraren lantarki guda uku na 54 din modules suna ɓoye a bayan kofofin
Dangane da gidana, ina da wadataccen arziki ga duk buƙatun da suka zo a raina. Wannan yana nufin cewa daga cikin kilomita daya da rabi na igiyoyi, aƙalla 30% ba a amfani da su kuma an ajiye su "a ajiye". Ba a haɗa su a ko'ina kuma ana tattara su kawai a cikin "wutsiya mai kyau" a wuri ɗaya kuma an rarraba su zuwa wurare daban-daban ta sauran ƙarshen kebul.
Smart gida da tanadin albarkatu
Ina tsammanin gida mai wayo ba game da ceto bane, amma game da ta'aziyya. A cikin ɗakina, ba a nuna batun samun iska kwata-kwata, domin a zahiri bai dame ni ba, sai dai an kunna murfin da ke cikin gidan wanka gwargwadon yanayin zafi kuma akwai murfin Ikea a cikin kicin. Wannan gogewa tawa ba ta da mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da abin da na yi , wacece""Kuma ya tattara tsarin samar da iska, amma kamar yadda ya bayyana a kashi na biyu na "tatsuniya" game da ɗakin, kuɗin wutar lantarki yana da yawa har ma da sarrafawa ta atomatik.
Kammala hoton ɗakin 41 sq. m. bayan gyare-gyare a cikin 2018: kicin tare da kwasfa da 0,96 "OLED nuni (128x64) akan bangon dama tare da ginanniyar SSD1306 mai sarrafawa da goyon bayan I2C.
Idan ba ku da gida mai wayo kuma kuna son adana kuɗi, to, haɗaɗɗiyar gida mai wayo ba ta da amfani ko kaɗan a wannan batun. Kuna iya kashe kuɗi da yawa akan ƙira, kayan aiki da shigarwa na gida mai wayo wanda idan kun maye gurbin duk fitilun LED ɗinku tare da fitilun incandescent kuma ku kiyaye su akan 24/7, har yanzu zai fi riba fiye da shigar da gida mai wayo.
A ganina, gida mai wayo shine:
Dace - eh.
Na zamani - eh.
A fannin fasaha - eh.
Adana, aƙalla a cikin ɗaki - a'a.
Yadda za a shirya don gida mai kaifin baki na gaba - shawarwari masu sauƙi waɗanda ni kaina kawai na fahimta yayin aiwatarwa
Ina so in yi duk abin da mai rahusa kamar yadda zai yiwu, amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa ina so in yi amfani da mafita marasa fahimta da solder a gwiwoyi na ba. A'a.
Ina so in yi amfani da samfuran masana'anta kawai, don kada a sami siyarwa kuma an yi amfani da haɗin haɗin da aka shirya. Na kuma yi fatan cewa zan iya amfani da kowane tsarin sarrafa kansa na gida da nake so. A sakamakon haka, na zaɓi zaɓi mafi araha daga mafita na masana'anta - na'urar daga masana'anta Samara, amma a kowane lokaci, idan ya cancanta, zan iya canzawa zuwa wasu kayan aiki ko ma cire duk gidan mai kaifin baki (amma ba igiyoyi ba) daga Apartment, ciki har da dawo da saba kula da kewaye lighting. Tabbas, dole ne a sake gyara panel ɗin lantarki tare da aiki da kai, amma ba a buƙatar magina don wannan - injin lantarki na yau da kullun na iya ɗaukar shi, wanda zai sake haɗa haɗin haɗin gwiwa a cikin kwamitin bisa ga zane.
Wasu shawarwari don shirya shigarwa waya mai wayo gida ko da kuwa manufacturer:
- Kwantar da kebul na lantarki daban daga kowace fitila, sauyawa, soket (rukunin kwasfa) ko kowane mabukaci na wutar lantarki zuwa rukunin lantarki na Apartment;
- Kwanta ƙananan igiyoyi na yanzu zuwa wuraren shigarwa na na'urori masu aunawa da na'urori masu aunawa;
- Wutar lantarki tare da girman akalla 48 kayayyaki;
- Monostable (ƙararawa) sauyawa;
Kammala hoto bayan an kammala gyaran gyare-gyare a cikin 2018: bayan gida tare da baho, inda aka shirya sanya tukunyar ruwa a bango a hannun dama kuma an shigar da kebul na 5x1,5 don sarrafa famfo na lantarki.
Kuma shawarwari don shiryawa don shigarwa gida mai wayo mara waya ko da kuwa manufacturer:
- Manyan akwatunan rarraba ( soket) (aƙalla 150x100x70 mm) tare da samun dama ga su;
- Haɗa hasken wuta ba tsari ne na gargajiya ba (ta amfani da akwatunan rarraba inda aka haɗa igiyoyi daga maɗaukaki, fitilu da kuma daga allon kunnawa), amma na zamani - ana ba da wutar lantarki zuwa maɓalli, kuma daga mai kunnawa akwai kebul daban zuwa fitilar. ;
- Akwatunan soket (akalla 65 mm);
- Kada a sanya na'urori da masu sarrafawa a cikin akwatunan ƙarfe;
- Monostable (ƙararawa) sauyawa;
Dole ne in faɗi cewa yana da kyau a zaɓi tsakanin maki 1st da 2nd - yin amfani da maki biyu a lokaci ɗaya ba ma'ana bane, saboda idan kun shigar da akwatunan rarraba capacious, ana iya shigar da kayayyaki a can, kuma idan kuna haɗa haɗin hasken wuta ta amfani da su. da'irar zamani, sannan rarraba Babu akwatunan haske da ake buƙata.
Duk waɗannan shawarwari, ba shakka, ra'ayina ne kawai.
Wutar lantarki da mai sarrafawa
Tun da kalmar "panelboard" tana da ban dariya a cikin ɗakin ɗaki ɗaya, ana shigar da dukkan bangarori a cikin hanyar bayan ƙofofin katako, wanda masassaƙi ya yi wa ado a cikin babban salon ɗakin.
Garkuwa Na 1. Ƙarfi: anan shine maɓalli, na'urar kariya, mai lamba, 1 din atomatik na'urorin haɗi. Abubuwan ciki na wannan garkuwa suna cikin hoton da ke sama
Akwatunan kayan aiki sune mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren ɗakin a gare ni. Gabaɗayan ɓangaren wutar lantarki na lantarki da sarrafa kansa an tattara su anan. An haɗa komai a cikin sassan lantarki guda 3 don nau'ikan 54, waɗanda aka rufe da ƙofofin katako. Lokacin da aka bude kofofin katako, akwatunan karfe suna nunawa, kowannensu yana da lakabi.
Garkuwa Na 2. Anan ga ɓangaren wutar lantarki ta atomatik da kararrawa da ake amfani da shi azaman shigarwa
Gidan wutar lantarki na farko - kebul daga mita ya zo nan. An canza mitar wutar lantarki da na'urar dijital, amma an bar shi a ainihin inda yake kusa da ƙofar.
Ƙungiyar ta biyu ta ƙunshi wiring na ɓangaren wutar lantarki na MegaD multifunctional controller daga Samara. Shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, wannan mai sarrafa yana da buɗaɗɗen firmware kuma, bisa ka'ida, kowa zai iya amfani da kayan aikin jiki don haɗa na'urar aiki iri ɗaya da kansu. Amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a bayyana firmware ba kuma za ku iya siyan samfurin masana'anta kawai.
Ana ba da tallafin samfur musamman akan dandalin na'urar. Na ce idan wannan shine karo na farko da kuka ji labarin wannan na'urar, to duk da ƙarancin farashi, za ku kashe lokaci mai yawa don gano ta?
Garkuwa Na 3. Kebul daga duk na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna zuwa nan.
Garkuwa ta uku ita ce wurin da ake haɗa igiyoyi daga duk na'urori masu auna firikwensin zuwa babban mai sarrafa daga Samara.
Mataimakin Ginin
Na yi amfani da shi tsawon shekara guda kuma gabaɗaya na ji daɗi, duk da wasu munanan hulɗa tare da MegaD 2561 - ana aiwatar da aikinta tare da openHAB ta hanyar musamman. kuma uwar garken gidan yanar gizo ce don umarni masu shigowa daga MegaD zuwa openHAB. Babban aikin MegaD Binding shine rarraba umarnin da aka karɓa daga MegaD kuma samar da umarni daga openHAB.
OpenHAB dubawa a cikin Afrilu 2019
Kuna iya haɗa MegaD cikin Mataimakin Gida ta amfani da daidaitattun hanyoyi, ba tare da amfani da haɗin kai daban ba. Tare da openHAB kamar shekara guda bayan haka, a cikin 2019, an sami jinkiri wajen danna maɓallan jiki kuma tabbas yakamata in daidaita shi kuma in gyara shi, amma a wannan lokacin na riga na fara sha'awar Mataimakin Gida. Mutane sun fara magana game da Mataimakin Gida kuma ina sha'awar gwada shi.
Ƙwararrun Mataimakin Gida a cikin Maris 2020
Mataimakin Gida da openHAB a zahiri suna kama da akida ta hanyoyi da yawa, kodayake an rubuta su cikin harsunan shirye-shirye daban-daban. Duk waɗannan cibiyoyin software:
- mai zaman kanta daga masana'antun;
- ba ka damar haɗa fasahohin sarrafa kayan gida daban-daban zuwa ɗaya;
- suna da ingantattun dokoki;
- ya zo tare da musaya na yanar gizo kuma yana da nasa aikace-aikacen iOS da Android;
- gaba daya bude tushen;
- goyon bayan al'umma.
Alexey Krainev ya taimake ni sosai tare da kafa Mataimakin Gida a cikin ɗakina , wanda ya canza sarrafa kansa a cikin wannan ɗakin daga openHAB zuwa Mataimakin Gida kuma ya ƙara wasu na'urorinsa, irin su Philips AirPurifier iska purifier, Roborock S5 robot vacuum cleaner har ma da ƙarin mai sarrafa Vera Plus, wanda shi ma ya iya haɗawa a cikin tsarin kula da Mataimakin Gida gabaɗaya.
Tsarin bai yi sauri ba kuma duk ya fara ne da sanannen Mataimakiyar Gida:
Ƙwararrun Mataimakin Gida na yau da kullun a lokacin rani 2019
Kuma ɗayan zaɓuɓɓukan don karɓar bayanai da watsa umarni zuwa mai sarrafa Samara MegaD-2561:
Editan saitunan Mataimakin Gida ta hanyar haɗin yanar gizo a lokacin rani 2019
Sakamakon haka, hulɗar Mataimakin Gida tare da MegaD-2561 in An samo shi a cikin bambance-bambance daban-daban:
- By MQTT.
- Buƙatun HTTP GET na waje zuwa MegaD:
- takamaiman tashar jiragen ruwa na na'ura, misali:
http://192.168.48.20/sec/?pt=35&scl=34&i2c_dev=htu21d;
- zazzage layi tare da taƙaitaccen yanayin duk tashar jiragen ruwa, sannan kuma rarraba shi cikin takamaiman ƙima waɗanda suka dace da kowane tashar jiragen ruwa:
http://192.168.48.20/sec/?cmd=all.
A sakamakon haka, kafa haɗin gwiwar Mataimakin Gida da MegaD ya ɗauki kimanin watanni uku, ko da yake la'akari da gaskiyar cewa Alexey ba shi da kwarewa ta baya aiki tare da Mataimakin Gida ko MegaD.
Lokacin da aka saita komai, Alexey ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da gaba cikin sharuɗɗan ƙira kuma a ƙarshe ya kawo komai zuwa Cibiyar Taimakon Gida wanda aka sabunta ta gabaɗaya ba tare da sake kunnawa ba, dangane da aikin mutum mai kishi daga Netherlands:
Babban Mataimakin Gida mai ban mamaki amma kyakkyawa a cikin 2020
Idan kuna son maimaita wannan ƙwarewar kuma ku canza naku Mataimakin Gida ta hanya iri ɗaya, zaku iya bin aikin Jimmy Shings (Netherland):
.
Idan kun yi tunanin cewa ba a riga an magance batun ɗakin ba, to, ku sanar da ni game da shi a cikin sharhi - abin da zai zama mai ban sha'awa don jin labarin.
Sakamakon
Na yi imani cewa gwaninta tare da cikakken sarrafa kansa na ɗakin ɗaki ɗaya ya yi nasara. Gidan yana aiki shekaru biyu yanzu kuma yana faranta wa waɗanda ke zaune a ciki farin ciki. Ba a gano nakasu mai tsanani ba.
Ana buga saitunan daki akan GitHub:
- ;
- .
Author:
Misalai: Mikhail Shardin.
Misalai masu alaƙa da Mataimakin Gida: Alexey Krainev .
Fabrairu 5 - Maris 10, 2020
Masu amfani da rajista kawai za su iya shiga cikin binciken. don Allah.
Menene ra'ayin ku game da ƙa'idar Mataimakin Gida mara daidaito da kuma ɗakin gabaɗaya?
-
25,0%Wayoyi da yawa99
-
9,1%Yayi yawa ga geek36
-
41,9%Zan zauna a nan166
-
7,1%Menene Mataimakin Gida?28
-
12,6%Ina hular foil dina?50
-
4,3%Wani abu kuma (rubuta a cikin sharhi)17
Masu amfani 396 sun kada kuri'a. 91 mai amfani ya ƙi.
source: www.habr.com