Yawancin aikace-aikacen Kasuwanci da tsarin ƙira suna da nasu hanyoyin gina hanyoyin magance kuskure. Musamman, Oracle RAC (Oracle Real Application Cluster) tari ne na sabobin bayanan Oracle guda biyu ko fiye da ke aiki tare don daidaita kaya da ba da haƙuri ga kuskure a matakin sabar/application. Don yin aiki a cikin wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar ma'ajin da aka raba, wanda yawanci tsarin ajiya ne.
Kamar yadda muka tattauna a daya daga cikin mu , tsarin ajiya da kansa, duk da kasancewar abubuwan da aka kwafi (ciki har da masu sarrafawa), har yanzu yana da maki na gazawa - galibi a cikin nau'in saitin bayanai guda ɗaya. Don haka, don gina maganin Oracle tare da ƙarin buƙatun dogaro, tsarin "Sabar N - tsarin ajiya ɗaya" yana buƙatar zama mai rikitarwa.
Da farko, ba shakka, muna buƙatar yanke shawarar irin haɗarin da muke ƙoƙarin tabbatarwa da shi. A cikin wannan labarin, ba za mu yi la'akari da kariya daga barazana kamar " meteorite ya zo ". Don haka gina hanyar warware bala'i da aka tarwatsa zai kasance jigon ɗaya daga cikin labarai masu zuwa. A nan za mu dubi abin da ake kira Cross-Rack warware bala'i, lokacin da aka gina kariya a matakin ɗakunan uwar garke. Kabad ɗin da kansu na iya kasancewa a cikin ɗaki ɗaya ko a cikin daban-daban, amma yawanci a cikin gini ɗaya.
Dole ne waɗannan ma'aikatun su ƙunshi dukkan saitin kayan aiki da software waɗanda zasu ba da damar aiki da bayanan Oracle ba tare da la'akari da yanayin "makwabci". A takaice dai, ta yin amfani da maganin dawo da bala'i na Cross-Rack, muna kawar da haɗarin gazawa:
- Oracle Application Servers
- Tsarin tsarin
- Tsarin sauyawa
- Cikakken gazawar duk kayan aikin da ke cikin majalisar:
- Ƙin ƙarfi
- Rashin tsarin sanyaya
- Abubuwan waje (mutum, yanayi, da sauransu)
Kwafi na sabobin Oracle yana nuna ainihin tsarin aiki na Oracle RAC kuma ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar aikace-aikace. Kwafin kayan aikin ma ba matsala ba ne. Amma tare da kwafi na tsarin ajiya, komai ba shi da sauƙi.
Zaɓin mafi sauƙi shine kwafin bayanai daga babban tsarin ajiya zuwa madadin. Daidaitawa ko asynchronous, dangane da iyawar tsarin ajiya. Tare da maimaita asynchronous, nan da nan tambayar ta taso na tabbatar da daidaiton bayanai dangane da Oracle. Amma ko da akwai haɗin software tare da aikace-aikacen, a kowane hali, idan aka gaza a kan babban tsarin ajiya, za a buƙaci sa hannun masu gudanarwa da hannu don canza gunkin zuwa ajiyar ajiya.
Wani zaɓi mai rikitarwa shine software da/ko ma'ajiyar kayan masarufi "masu ƙima" waɗanda zasu kawar da matsalolin daidaito da sa hannun hannu. Amma wahalar tura aiki da gudanarwa na gaba, da kuma tsadar irin waɗannan hanyoyin warware matsalar, yana tsoratar da mutane da yawa.
The AccelStor NeoSapphire™ All Flash array bayani cikakke ne don al'amuran kamar su dawo da bala'i na Cross-Rack ta amfani da gine-ginen Raba-Babu Komai. Wannan ƙirar tsarin ajiya ne mai kumburin kumburin kulli biyu wanda ke amfani da fasahar FlexiRemap® ta mallaka don aiki tare da filasha. Godiya ga NeoSapphire ™ H710 yana da ikon isar da aiki har zuwa 600K IOPS@4K rubuta bazuwar da 1M+ IOPS@4K bazuwar karatu, wanda ba zai yuwu ba yayin amfani da tsarin ajiya na tushen RAID na yau da kullun.
Amma babban fasalin NeoSapphire ™ H710 shine aiwatar da nodes guda biyu a cikin nau'ikan lokuta daban-daban, kowannensu yana da nasa kwafin bayanan. Ana yin aiki tare da nodes ta hanyar InfiniBand na waje. Godiya ga wannan gine-gine, yana yiwuwa a rarraba nodes zuwa wurare daban-daban a nisa har zuwa 100m, ta haka ne samar da mafita na farfadowa na Cross-Rack. Duk nodes suna aiki gaba ɗaya tare. Daga bangaren mai masaukin baki, H710 yayi kama da tsarin ajiya mai sarrafa guda biyu na yau da kullun. Don haka, babu buƙatar yin kowane ƙarin software ko zaɓuɓɓukan kayan masarufi ko musamman hadaddun saiti.
Idan muka kwatanta duk hanyoyin dawo da bala'i na Cross-Rack da aka kwatanta a sama, to zaɓi daga AcelStor ya fito fili daga sauran:
AccelStor NeoSapphire™ Rarraba Babu Komai Gine-gine
Software ko hardware tsarin ajiya na "virtualizer".
Maganin mai maimaitawa
samuwa
Rashin nasarar uwar garke
Babu Downtime
Babu Downtime
Babu Downtime
Canza gazawar
Babu Downtime
Babu Downtime
Babu Downtime
Rashin gazawar tsarin ajiya
Babu Downtime
Babu Downtime
downtime
Gaba daya gazawar majalisar ministoci
Babu Downtime
Babu Downtime
downtime
Farashin da rikitarwa
Farashin maganin
Kasa*
Binciken
Binciken
Rubutun turawa
Kadan
Binciken
Binciken
*AccelStor NeoSapphire™ har yanzu shi ne All Flash array, wanda a ma'anarsa baya biyan "kopecks 3," musamman tunda yana da ajiyar iyawa sau biyu. Duk da haka, lokacin da aka kwatanta farashin ƙarshe na bayani dangane da shi tare da irin wannan daga wasu masu sayarwa, ana iya la'akari da farashin ƙananan.
Tsarin topology don haɗa sabobin aikace-aikacen da All Flash array nodes zai yi kama da haka:
A lokacin da ake tsara ilimin topology, ana kuma ba da shawarar sosai don kwafi maɓallan gudanarwa da sabar haɗin kai.
Anan kuma zamuyi magana akan haɗawa ta hanyar Fiber Channel. Idan kuna amfani da iSCSI, komai zai zama iri ɗaya, daidaitawa don nau'ikan maɓalli da aka yi amfani da su da saitunan tsararru daban-daban.
Ayyukan shirye-shirye a kan tsararru
Kayan aiki da software da aka yi amfani da su
Ƙididdigar Sabar da Canjawa
Kayan aiki
Description
Oracle Database 11g sabobin
Biyu
Tsarin aiki na uwar garken
Linux Oracle
Oracle database version
11g (RAC)
Processors kowane uwar garken
Biyu 16 cores Intel® Xeon® CPU E5-2667 v2 @ 3.30GHz
Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ta jiki kowane uwar garken
128GB
FC cibiyar sadarwa
16Gb/s FC tare da multipathing
FC HBA
Emulex Lpe-16002
Sadaukar tashoshin jiragen ruwa na 1GbE na jama'a don sarrafa tari
Intel adaftar Ethernet RJ45
16Gb/s FC canza
Farashin 6505
Ƙaddamar da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na 10GbE masu zaman kansu don aiki tare da bayanai
Intel X520
AccelStor NeoSapphire™ Duk Ƙayyadaddun Tsarukan Flash
Kayan aiki
Description
Tsarin ajiya
NeoSapphire™ babban samfurin samuwa: H710
Sigar hoto
4.0.1
Jimlar adadin tuƙi
48
Girman tuƙi
1.92TB
Fitar na'urar
SSD
FC manufa tashar jiragen ruwa
16x 16Gb tashar jiragen ruwa (8 kowace kumburi)
Tashoshin gudanarwa
Kebul na ethernet na 1GbE yana haɗawa da runduna ta hanyar sauya ethernet
Tashar bugun zuciya
Kebul na ethernet 1GbE yana haɗa tsakanin nodes ɗin ajiya guda biyu
tashar aiki tare bayanai
56Gb/s InfiniBand na USB
Kafin ka iya amfani da tsararru, dole ne ka fara shi. Ta hanyar tsoho, adireshin sarrafawa na nodes guda biyu iri ɗaya ne (192.168.1.1). Kuna buƙatar haɗa su ɗaya bayan ɗaya kuma saita sabbin adiresoshin gudanarwa (riga daban) kuma saita daidaita lokaci, bayan haka ana iya haɗa tashoshin Gudanarwa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa guda ɗaya. Bayan haka, ana haɗa nodes ɗin zuwa biyu HA ta hanyar ba da rafukan haɗin gwiwa don haɗin Intanet.
Bayan an gama farawa, zaku iya sarrafa tsararru daga kowane kumburi.
Na gaba, muna ƙirƙira kundin da ake buƙata kuma mu buga su zuwa sabobin aikace-aikacen.
Ana ba da shawarar sosai don ƙirƙirar ƙididdiga masu yawa don Oracle ASM saboda wannan zai ƙara adadin abubuwan da ake hari don sabobin, wanda a ƙarshe zai inganta aikin gabaɗaya (ƙari akan layi a cikin wani). ).
Gwajin sanyi
Sunan Ƙarar Ma'aji
Girman .ara
Bayanai01
200GB
Bayanai02
200GB
Bayanai03
200GB
Bayanai04
200GB
Bayanai05
200GB
Bayanai06
200GB
Bayanai07
200GB
Bayanai08
200GB
Bayanai09
200GB
Bayanai10
200GB
Grid01
1GB
Grid02
1GB
Grid03
1GB
Grid04
1GB
Grid05
1GB
Grid06
1GB
Maimaita01
100GB
Maimaita02
100GB
Maimaita03
100GB
Maimaita04
100GB
Maimaita05
100GB
Maimaita06
100GB
Maimaita07
100GB
Maimaita08
100GB
Maimaita09
100GB
Maimaita10
100GB
Wasu bayanai game da yanayin aiki na tsararru da hanyoyin da ke faruwa a cikin yanayin gaggawa
Saitin bayanan kowane kumburi yana da ma'aunin "lambar sigar". Bayan farawa na farko, iri ɗaya ne kuma daidai yake da 1. Idan saboda wasu dalilai lambar sigar ta bambanta, to koyaushe ana daidaita bayanai daga tsohuwar sigar zuwa ƙarami, bayan haka adadin ƙaramin sigar yana daidaitawa, watau. wannan yana nufin cewa kwafi iri ɗaya ne. Dalilan dalilin da yasa nau'ikan na iya bambanta:
- Sake yi na ɗaya daga cikin nodes
- Hatsari a daya daga cikin nodes saboda kashewa kwatsam (samar da wutar lantarki, zafi mai zafi, da sauransu).
- Haɗin InfiniBand ya ɓace tare da rashin iya aiki tare
- Hatsari a daya daga cikin nodes saboda cin hanci da rashawa. Anan kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar sabuwar ƙungiyar HA kuma kammala aiki tare da saitin bayanai.
A kowane hali, kumburin da ke kan layi yana ƙara lambar sigar sa ta ɗaya don daidaita saitin bayanan sa bayan an dawo da haɗin gwiwa tare da ma'auratan.
Idan haɗin kan hanyar haɗin Ethernet ya ɓace, Heartbeat na ɗan lokaci ya canza zuwa InfiniBand kuma ya dawo cikin daƙiƙa 10 lokacin da aka dawo da shi.
Kafa runduna
Don tabbatar da haƙurin kuskure da haɓaka aiki, dole ne ku kunna tallafin MPIO don tsararru. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar ƙara layi zuwa fayil ɗin /etc/multipath.conf, sannan sake kunna sabis ɗin multipath.
Rubutun boyena'urori {
na'ura {
mai sayarwa "AStor"
Hanyar_grouping_manufofin "rukuni_by_prio"
hanya_selector "tsawon layi 0"
hanya_checker "tur"
fasali "0"
hardware_handler "0"
prio "const"
kasa dawowa nan da nan
fast_io_fail_tmo 5
dev_loss_tmo 60
user_friendly_names eh
gano_prio da
rr_min_io_rq 1
babu_hanyar_sake gwadawa 0
}
}
Na gaba, don ASM yayi aiki tare da MPIO ta hanyar ASMLib, kuna buƙatar canza fayil ɗin /etc/sysconfig/oracleasm sannan ku kunna /etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks
Rubutun boye
# ORACLEASM_SCANORDER: Madaidaicin tsari don yin odar faifai
ORACLEASM_SCANORDER = "dm"
# ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE: Daidaita alamu don keɓance diski daga dubawa
ORACLEASM_SCANEXCLUDE = "sd"
Примечание
Idan baku son amfani da ASMLib, zaku iya amfani da dokokin UDEV, waɗanda sune tushen ASMLib.
An fara da sigar 12.1.0.2 na Oracle Database, akwai zaɓi don shigarwa azaman ɓangaren software na ASMFD.
Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa fayafai da aka ƙirƙira don Oracle ASM sun daidaita tare da girman toshe wanda tsararrun ke aiki da jiki da (4K). In ba haka ba, matsalolin aiki na iya faruwa. Saboda haka, wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar kundin tare da ma'auni masu dacewa:
rabu /dev/mapper/na'ura-sunan mklabel gpt mkpart primary 2048s 100% align-check best 1
Rarraba bayanan bayanai a cikin kundin da aka ƙirƙira don tsarin gwajin mu
Sunan Ƙarar Ma'aji
Girman .ara
Taswirar LUNs
Bayanin Na'urar Ƙarar ASM
Girman Ragon Rarraba
Bayanai01
200GB
Taswirar duk kundin ajiya zuwa tsarin ajiya duk tashoshin bayanai
Ragewa: Na al'ada
Suna: DGDATA
Manufar: Fayilolin bayanai
4MB
Bayanai02
200GB
Bayanai03
200GB
Bayanai04
200GB
Bayanai05
200GB
Bayanai06
200GB
Bayanai07
200GB
Bayanai08
200GB
Bayanai09
200GB
Bayanai10
200GB
Grid01
1GB
Ragewa: Na al'ada
Suna: DGGRID1
Manufar: Grid: CRS da Zaɓe
4MB
Grid02
1GB
Grid03
1GB
Grid04
1GB
Ragewa: Na al'ada
Suna: DGGRID2
Manufar: Grid: CRS da Zaɓe
4MB
Grid05
1GB
Grid06
1GB
Maimaita01
100GB
Ragewa: Na al'ada
Suna: DGREDO1
Manufa: Redo log of thread 1
4MB
Maimaita02
100GB
Maimaita03
100GB
Maimaita04
100GB
Maimaita05
100GB
Maimaita06
100GB
Ragewa: Na al'ada
Suna: DGREDO2
Manufa: Redo log of thread 2
4MB
Maimaita07
100GB
Maimaita08
100GB
Maimaita09
100GB
Maimaita10
100GB
Saitunan Bayanai
- Girman toshe = 8K
- Canja wuri = 16GB
- Kashe AMM (Gudanar da Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa ta atomatik)
- Kashe Manyan Shafuka masu Fassara
Sauran saituna
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
✓ fs.file-max = 6815744
✓ kernel.shmmax 103079215104
✓ kernel.shmall 31457280
✓ kernel.shmmn 4096
✓ kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
✓ net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
✓ net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
✓vm.swappiness=10
✓ vm.min_free_kbytes=524288 # kar a saita wannan idan kana amfani da Linux x86
✓ vm.vfs_cache_pressure=200
✓ vm.nr_hugepages = 57000
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
✓ grid soft nproc 2047
Farashin 16384
✓ grid soft nofile 1024
Hard nofile 65536
✓ grid taushi tari 10240
Rahoton da aka ƙayyade na 32768
✓ Oracle soft nproc 2047
Bayani na Oracle Hard nproc 16384
✓ Oracle soft nofile 1024
✓ Oracle Hard nofile 65536
✓ Oracle soft stack 10240
Bayani na Oracle Hard Stack 32768
✓ taushi memlock 120795954
Hard memlock 120795954
sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
canza tsarin tsarin tafiyar matakai = 2000 ikonsa = spfile;
canza tsarin saitin open_cursors = 2000 scope = spfile;
canza tsarin saitin zaman_cached_cursors= 300scope = spfile;
canza tsarin saitin db_files = 8192 iyaka = spfile;
Gwajin gazawa
Don dalilai na nunawa, an yi amfani da HammerDB don yin koyi da nauyin OLTP. Tsarin HammerDB:
Adadin Wuraren Waje
256
Jimlar Ma'amaloli ga kowane Mai amfani
1000000000000
Masu Amfani Na Farko
256
Sakamakon ya kasance TPM 2.1M, wanda yayi nisa da iyakar aikin tsararru , amma shine "rufi" don daidaitawar kayan aikin sabobin na yanzu (musamman saboda masu sarrafawa) da lambar su. Makasudin wannan gwajin har yanzu shine don nuna rashin haƙuri na maganin gaba ɗaya, kuma ba don cimma matsakaicin aiki ba. Saboda haka, za mu kawai gina kan wannan adadi.
Gwaji don gazawar ɗayan nodes
Runduna sun rasa wani ɓangare na hanyoyin zuwa wurin ajiya, suna ci gaba da aiki ta sauran waɗanda suka rage tare da kumburi na biyu. Ayyukan sun ragu na ƴan daƙiƙa guda saboda hanyoyin da ake sake ginawa, sannan kuma sun dawo daidai. Babu wani katsewa a cikin sabis.
Gwajin gazawar majalisar ministoci tare da duk kayan aiki
A wannan yanayin, wasan kwaikwayon kuma ya ragu na 'yan dakiku saboda sake fasalin hanyoyin, sannan ya koma rabin ƙimar asali. Sakamakon ya ragu da rabi daga farkon saboda keɓe uwar garken aikace-aikacen guda ɗaya daga aiki. Babu wani katsewa a cikin sabis ɗin.
Idan akwai buƙatar aiwatar da mafita na dawo da bala'i mai jurewa Cross-Rack ga Oracle akan farashi mai ma'ana kuma tare da ɗan ƙoƙarin turawa / gudanarwa, to Oracle RAC da gine-gine suna aiki tare. zai zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓuka. Maimakon Oracle RAC, ana iya samun kowace software da ke ba da tari, DBMS iri ɗaya ko tsarin ƙira, misali. Ka'idar gina mafita za ta kasance iri ɗaya. Kuma layin kasa sifili ne ga RTO da RPO.
source: www.habr.com