Abin baƙin ciki shine, wannan kalmar ba ta da kyakkyawar analog na harshen Rashanci. Wikipedia yana bayarwa "multi-manancy, mahara haya." Ana kiran wannan wani lokaci "mallaka da yawa." Waɗannan sharuɗɗan na iya zama ɗan ruɗani, tun da batun batun ba shi da alaƙa da ko dai hayar ko mallaka. Wannan tambaya ce ta gine-ginen software da tsarin aikinta. Kuma na karshen ba shi da mahimmanci.
Mun fara tsara fahimtar mu na multitenancy a lokaci guda yayin da muka fara tsara tsarin kula da gajimare (sabis) samfurin aiki a cikin 1C: Kasuwanci. Wannan ya kasance shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Kuma tun daga lokacin fahimtarmu ta ci gaba da fadada. Muna ci gaba da gano sabbin abubuwa na wannan batu (ribobi, fursunoni, matsaloli, fasali, da sauransu).
Wani lokaci masu haɓakawa suna fahimtar multitenancy a matsayin batu mai sauƙi: "domin a adana bayanan ƙungiyoyi da yawa a cikin bayanai guda ɗaya, kuna buƙatar ƙara ginshiƙi tare da mai gano ƙungiyar zuwa duk tebur kuma saita tacewa akansa." Hakika mu ma mun fara nazarin lamarin tun daga wannan lokacin. Amma da sauri sun gane cewa wannan sharewa ɗaya ce kawai (kuma, ta hanya, ba mai sauƙi ba). Gabaɗaya, wannan “ƙasa ce gaba ɗaya”.
Ainihin ra'ayin multitenancy za a iya bayyana wani abu kamar wannan. Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun gida ne da aka ƙera don ɗaukar iyali ɗaya, wanda ke amfani da kayan aikin sa (bangon, rufin, samar da ruwa, dumama, da sauransu). Aikace-aikacen multitenancy ginin gida ne. A ciki, kowane iyali yana amfani da kayan aiki iri ɗaya, amma ana aiwatar da kayan aikin da kansa ga dukan gidan.
Shin hanyar multitenancy mai kyau ne ko mara kyau? Kuna iya samun ra'ayoyi daban-daban akan wannan. Da alama babu "mai kyau ko mara kyau" kwata-kwata. Kuna buƙatar kwatanta ribobi da fursunoni a cikin mahallin takamaiman ayyukan da ake warwarewa. Amma wannan wani batu ne na daban...
A cikin mafi sauƙi ma'anarsa, makasudin zama mai yawa shine a rage farashin kula da aikace-aikacen ta hanyar "sadarwa" farashin kayayyakin more rayuwa. Wannan motsi ɗaya ne da rage farashin aikace-aikacen ta amfani da mafita na samarwa (yiwuwa tare da gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare), maimakon rubuta shi "don yin oda." Kawai a cikin wani hali ne ci gaban zamantakewa zamantakewa, da kuma a cikin sauran - amfani.
Bugu da ƙari, muna maimaitawa, babu hanyar haɗin kai tsaye zuwa hanyar sayarwa. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da gine-gine masu yawa a cikin kamfani ko na sashe na IT kayayyakin aikin sarrafa manyan rassa iri ɗaya da riko da masana'antu.
Za mu iya cewa multitenancy ba kawai wani al'amari na tsara bayanai ajiya. Wannan siffa ce ta yadda aikace-aikacen ke aiki gaba ɗaya (ciki har da wani muhimmin sashi na gine-ginensa, ƙirar turawa, da ƙungiyar kulawa).
Abu mafi wahala da ban sha'awa game da ƙirar multitenancy, ga alama a gare mu, shine ainihin aikace-aikacen "bifurcates." Wani ɓangare na aikin yana aiki tare da takamaiman wuraren bayanai (apartments) kuma "ba shi da sha'awar" gaskiyar cewa akwai mazauna a wasu gidaje. Kuma wasu suna ganin gidan gaba ɗaya kuma suna aiki ga duk mazauna lokaci ɗaya. A lokaci guda kuma, na ƙarshe ba zai iya watsi da gaskiyar cewa waɗannan su ne, bayan haka, ɗakunan gidaje daban-daban, kuma wajibi ne don tabbatar da matakin da ake bukata na granularity da tsaro.
A cikin 1C: Kasuwanci, ana aiwatar da ƙirar multitenancy a matakin fasaha da yawa. Waɗannan su ne hanyoyin 1C: dandamali na kasuwanci, hanyoyin na"Kuma"", hanyoyin (dakunan karatu na daidaitattun tsarin ƙasa).
Kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan yana ba da gudummawa ga gina ginin gabaɗaya na ginin gida. Me yasa aka aiwatar da wannan a cikin fasaha da yawa, kuma ba a ɗaya ba, alal misali, a cikin dandamali? Da farko, saboda wasu hanyoyin, a ra'ayinmu, sun dace da gyara don takamaiman zaɓin turawa. Amma a gaba ɗaya, wannan tambaya ce mai wuyar gaske, kuma koyaushe muna fuskantar zaɓi - a wane matakin shine mafi kyawun aiwatar da wannan ko wancan bangare na multitenancy.
Babu shakka, ainihin ɓangaren hanyoyin da ake buƙatar aiwatarwa a cikin dandamali. To, alal misali, ainihin rabuwar bayanai. Anan ne mutane sukan fara magana game da yawan yawan kuɗi. Amma a ƙarshe, samfurin multitenancy "ya yi tafiya" ta hanyar wani muhimmin sashi na tsarin dandamali kuma yana buƙatar gyaran su, kuma a wasu lokuta, sake tunani.
A matakin dandamali, mun aiwatar da ainihin mahimman hanyoyin. Suna ba ku damar ƙirƙirar aikace-aikacen da ke gudana a cikin ƙirar multitenancy. Amma don aikace-aikace don "rayuwa da aiki" a cikin irin wannan samfurin, kuna buƙatar samun tsarin sarrafa "ayyukan rayuwa". 1cFresh fasahohi da haɗin gwiwar dabarun kasuwanci a matakin BSP ne ke da alhakin wannan. Kamar dai yadda a cikin ginin gida kayan more rayuwa suna ba mazauna duk abin da suke buƙata, haka 1cFresh fasahar ke ba da duk abin da suke buƙata don aikace-aikacen da ke gudana a cikin ƙirar multitenancy. Kuma don aikace-aikacen su iya yin hulɗa tare da wannan kayan aikin (ba tare da gyare-gyare masu mahimmanci ba), ana sanya "masu haɗawa" daidai a cikin su a cikin tsarin tsarin BSP.
Daga ra'ayi na hanyoyin dandamali, yana da sauƙi a lura cewa yayin da muke samun kwarewa da kuma bunkasa yanayin amfani da girgije "1C: Enterprise," muna fadada tsarin tsarin da ke cikin wannan gine-gine. Bari mu ba da misali ɗaya. A cikin ƙirar multitenancy, matsayin mahalarta sabis na aikace-aikacen suna canzawa sosai. Matsayin (matakin alhakin) na waɗanda ke da alhakin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen yana ƙaruwa sosai. Ya zama dole a gare su don samun ƙarin kayan aikin sarrafa aikace-aikacen. Saboda masu amfani da aikace-aikacen (mazauna) sun amince da farko ga mai samar da da suke aiki da su. Don yin wannan, mun aiwatar da wani sabon abu . Wannan tsarin yana ba masu gudanarwa damar iyakance 'yancin masu haɓaka aikace-aikacen zuwa matakin tsaro da ake buƙata - a zahiri, don ware aikin aikace-aikacen ga kowane ɗan haya a cikin takamaiman akwatin yashi.
Ba ƙaramin ban sha'awa ba shine tsarin gine-gine don sarrafa aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin yanayin da yawa (abin da aka aiwatar a cikin fasahar 1cFresh da BSP). Anan, idan aka kwatanta da ƙirar turawa ta al'ada, abubuwan da ake buƙata don sarrafa tsarin tafiyar da aiki suna ƙaruwa sosai. Akwai da dama irin waɗannan matakai: ƙirƙirar sababbin wuraren bayanai ("Apartments"), sabunta aikace-aikacen, sabunta bayanan ka'idoji, ajiyar kuɗi, da dai sauransu Kuma, ba shakka, abubuwan da ake buƙata don matakin aminci da samuwa suna karuwa. Misali, don tabbatar da ingantacciyar hulɗa tsakanin aikace-aikace da sassan tsarin sarrafawa, mun aiwatar da fasahar tsarin kira asynchronous tare da garantin bayarwa.
Wani mahimmin batu shine hanyar zamantakewar bayanai da matakai. Yana da sauƙi (idan yana da alama ga wani) kawai a kallon farko. Babban ƙalubalen shine ma'auni tsakanin rarraba bayanai da matakai da rarrabawa. A gefe guda, ƙaddamarwa yana ba ku damar rage farashi (sararin samaniya, albarkatun sarrafawa, ƙoƙarin mai gudanarwa ...). A gefe guda, yana iyakance 'yancin "masu haya". Wannan shine ainihin lokacin "bifurcation" na aikace-aikacen, lokacin da mai haɓakawa ya buƙaci yin tunani lokaci guda game da aikace-aikacen a cikin kunkuntar ma'ana (bauta wa ɗayan "Apartment") kuma a cikin ma'ana mai faɗi (bauta wa duk "masu haya" lokaci guda) .
A matsayin misali na irin wannan "damuwa," wanda zai iya ba da bayanin ka'idoji da bayanai. Tabbas, akwai babban jaraba don sanya shi gama gari ga duk “masu haya” na gidan. Wannan yana ba ku damar adana shi a cikin kwafi ɗaya kuma ku sabunta shi ga kowa da kowa lokaci ɗaya. Amma ya faru cewa wasu mazauna suna buƙatar takamaiman canje-canje. Abin ban mamaki, a aikace wannan yana faruwa, har ma don bayanan da hukumomi suka kayyade ( hukumomin gwamnati). Wannan ya zama tambaya mai wuyar gaske: yin zamantakewa ko a'a? Yana da jaraba, ba shakka, sanya bayanin gabaɗaya ga kowa da kowa kuma na sirri ga waɗanda suke so. Kuma wannan ya riga ya haifar da aiwatarwa mai wuyar gaske. Amma muna aiki akan wannan ...
Wani misali shi ne zane na aiwatar da matakai na yau da kullum (wanda aka yi a kan jadawali, wanda aka fara ta tsarin kulawa, da dai sauransu). A gefe guda, ana iya aiwatar da su don kowane yanki na bayanai daban. Yana da sauƙi kuma mafi dacewa. Amma, a gefe guda, irin wannan ƙaƙƙarfan granular yana haifar da babban kaya akan tsarin. Don rage nauyi, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da hanyoyin zamantakewa. Amma suna buƙatar ƙarin nazari a hankali.
Tabbas, wannan ya haifar da tambaya mai mahimmanci. Ta yaya masu haɓaka aikace-aikacen za su iya tabbatar da zama mai yawa? Me suke bukata suyi don wannan? Tabbas, muna ƙoƙari don tabbatar da cewa nauyin fasaha da al'amurran da suka shafi abubuwan da suka faru sun fadi kamar yadda zai yiwu a kan kafadu na fasaha da aka ba da su, kuma mai haɓaka aikace-aikacen yana tunanin kawai game da ayyukan basirar kasuwanci. Amma kamar yadda yake tare da wasu mahimman batutuwan gine-gine, masu haɓaka aikace-aikacen suna buƙatar samun ɗan fahimtar aiki a cikin ƙirar multitenancy kuma za a buƙaci wasu ƙoƙarin yayin haɓaka aikace-aikace. Me yasa? Domin akwai abubuwan da fasaha ba za ta iya bayarwa ta atomatik ba tare da la'akari da ma'anar bayanan. Misali, ma'anar guda ɗaya na iyakoki na zamantakewar bayanai. Amma muna ƙoƙarin kiyaye waɗannan matsalolin kaɗan. Akwai riga akwai misalan aiwatar da irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen.
Wani muhimmin batu a cikin mahallin aiwatar da multitenancy a cikin 1C: Kasuwanci shine cewa muna ƙirƙirar samfurin matasan wanda aikace-aikacen ɗaya zai iya aiki a cikin yanayin multitenancy da yanayin al'ada. Wannan aiki ne mai wuyar gaske kuma batun tattaunawa daban.
source: www.habr.com