Makonni biyu da suka gabata na buga Bita na Pinebook Pro. Tunda Rasberi Pi 4 shima tushen ARM ne, wasu haɓakawa da aka ambata a cikin labarin da ya gabata sun dace da shi. Ina so in raba waɗannan dabaru kuma in ga idan kun sami haɓakar ayyuka iri ɗaya.

Bayan shigar da Rasberi Pi a cikin ku dakin uwar garken gida Na lura cewa a cikin lokutan karancin RAM ya zama mai saurin amsawa har ma ya daskare. Don magance wannan matsalar, na ƙara ZRAM kuma na yi ƴan canje-canje ga sigogin kwaya.

Kunna ZRAM akan Rasberi Pi

ZRAM yana ƙirƙirar ma'ajin toshe a cikin RAM mai suna / dev/zram0 (ko 1, 2, 3, da sauransu). Shafukan da aka rubuta a wurin suna matsawa kuma an adana su a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Wannan yana ba da damar I/O da sauri kuma yana 'yantar da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta hanyar matsawa.

Rasberi Pi 4 ya zo tare da 1, 2, 4, ko 8 GB na RAM. Zan yi amfani da ƙirar 1GB, don haka da fatan za a daidaita umarnin bisa tsarin ku. Tare da 1 GB ZRAM, tsoho fayil ɗin musanyawa (jinkirin!) za a yi amfani da shi ƙasa da yawa. Na yi amfani da wannan rubutun zram-swap don shigarwa da daidaitawa ta atomatik.

Ana ba da umarni a cikin ma'ajiyar da aka haɗa a sama. Shigarwa:

git clone https://github.com/foundObjects/zram-swap.git
cd zram-swap && sudo ./install.sh

Idan kana son gyara tsarin saitin:

vi /etc/default/zram-swap

Bugu da kari, zaku iya kunna ZRAM ta hanyar sakawa zram-tools. Idan kuna amfani da wannan hanyar, tabbatar da gyara saitin cikin fayil /etc/default/zramswap, kuma shigar da kusan 1 GB ZRAM:

sudo apt install zram-tools

Bayan shigarwa, zaku iya duba kididdigar ajiya na ZRAM tare da umarni mai zuwa:

sudo cat /proc/swaps
Filename				Type		Size	Used	Priority
/var/swap                               file		102396	0	-2
/dev/zram0                              partition	1185368	265472	5
pi@raspberrypi:~ $

Ƙara sigogin kwaya don ingantaccen amfani da ZRAM

Yanzu bari mu gyara halayen tsarin lokacin da Rasberi Pi ya canza zuwa musanyawa a ƙarshen lokacin, wanda galibi yana haifar da daskarewa. Bari mu ƙara ƴan layika zuwa fayil ɗin /etc/sysctl.conf kuma sake yi.

Layukan nan 1) zai jinkirta gajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar da ba makawa, ƙara matsa lamba akan cache kwaya da 2) sun fara shiri don gajiyar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a baya, fara musanyawa a gaba. Amma zai zama mafi inganci don musanyawa da matsa lamba ta hanyar ZRAM!

Anan akwai layin don ƙarawa a ƙarshen fayil ɗin /etc/sysctl.conf:

vm.vfs_cache_pressure=500
vm.swappiness=100
vm.dirty_background_ratio=1
vm.dirty_ratio=50

Sannan mu sake kunna tsarin ko kunna canje-canje tare da umarni mai zuwa:

sudo sysctl --system

vm.vfs_cache_pressure=500 yana ƙara matsa lamba na cache, wanda ke ƙara ɗabi'ar kernel don dawo da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aka yi amfani da ita don adana adireshi da abubuwan fihirisa. Za ku yi amfani da ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na dogon lokaci. An yi watsi da raguwar faɗuwar aiki ta hanyar musanya ta farko.

vm.swappiness = 100 yana ƙara ma'aunin yadda kernel ɗin zai musanya shafukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, tunda muna amfani da ZRAM da farko.

vm.dirty_background_ratio=1 & vm.dirty_ratio=50 - tsarin baya zai fara yin rikodi nan da nan bayan isa iyakar 1%, amma tsarin ba zai tilasta I/O na aiki tare ba har sai ya kai datti_ratio na 50%.

Waɗannan layukan guda huɗu (lokacin da aka yi amfani da su tare da ZRAM) zasu taimaka haɓaka aiki idan kuna da babu makawa RAM yana ƙarewa kuma canjin canji ya fara, kamar mine. Sanin wannan gaskiyar, da kuma la'akari da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin ZRAM sau uku, yana da kyau a fara wannan musanyawa a gaba.

Sanya matsa lamba akan cache yana taimakawa saboda da gaske muna gaya wa kwaya, "Hey, duba, ba ni da ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don amfani da cache, don haka da fatan za a kawar da shi ASAP kuma kawai adana mafi yawan amfani/mahimmanci. data."

Ko da tare da rage caching, idan bayan lokaci yawancin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da aka shigar, kernel zai fara yin musanyawa da dama da yawa da wuri, ta yadda CPU (matsi) da musanya I / O ba za su jira har zuwa minti na karshe ba kuma suyi amfani da duk albarkatun lokaci daya. ya makara. ZRAM yana amfani da ɗan ƙaramin CPU don matsawa, amma akan yawancin tsarin tare da ƙananan adadin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana da ƙarancin tasiri fiye da musanyawa ba tare da ZRAM ba.

A ƙarshe

Mu sake duba sakamakon:

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 926Mi 471Mi 68Mi 168Mi 385Mi 232Mi
Swap: 1.2Gi 258Mi 999Mi

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo cat /proc/swaps 
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/var/swap file 102396 0 -2
/dev/zram0 partition 1185368 264448 5

264448 a cikin ZRAM kusan gigabyte daya ne na bayanan da ba a matsawa ba. Komai ya tafi ZRAM kuma babu abin da ya tafi fayil ɗin shafi mai hankali. Gwada waɗannan saitunan da kanku, suna aiki akan duk samfuran Rasberi Pi. Tsarin da ba a iya amfani da shi, tsarin daskarewa ya juya ya zama mai aiki da kwanciyar hankali.

Nan gaba kadan, ina fatan ci gaba da sabunta wannan labarin tare da wasu sakamako daga gwada tsarin kafin da bayan shigar da ZRAM. Yanzu ba ni da lokaci don wannan. A halin yanzu, jin kyauta don gudanar da gwaje-gwajenku kuma ku sanar da ni a cikin sharhi. Rasberi Pi 4 dabba ce mai waɗannan saitunan. Ji dadin!

Ta hanyar batu:

• Ayyukan Linux: Me yasa Kusan Koyaushe Kuna Buƙatar Ƙara Swap Space (2017)
• Ayyukan Linux: Kusan koyaushe yana ƙara sarari musanyawa. Kashi na 2: ZRAM (2020)

source: www.habr.com