Marubucin ya sanya Rasberi Pi Zero, buguwar Bluetooth, da kebul a cikin sabon nunin maƙallan Handy Tech Active Star 40. Ginin tashar USB yana ba da wuta. Sakamakon ya kasance wata kwamfuta mai cin gashin kanta a kan ARM tare da tsarin aiki na Linux, sanye take da allon madannai da nunin Braille. Kuna iya caji / kunna shi ta USB, gami da. daga bankin wuta ko cajar rana. Sabili da haka, yana iya yin ba tare da wutar lantarki ba har tsawon sa'o'i da yawa, amma na kwanaki da yawa.

Bambance-banbance na nunin braille

Da farko, sun bambanta da tsayin layi. Na'urori masu ƙarfin 60 ko fiye suna da kyau don aiki tare da kwamfutar tebur, yayin da na'urori masu ƙarfin 40 sun dace don ɗauka tare da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka. Yanzu akwai nunin braille da aka haɗa da wayoyi da kwamfutar hannu, mai tsawon layi na haruffa 14 ko 18.

A da, nunin mawallafa sun yi yawa sosai. Laptop mai kujeru 40, alal misali, tana da girma da nauyin kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka mai inci 13. Yanzu, tare da adadin sanannun, suna da ƙarancin isa don ku iya sanya nuni a gaban kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, maimakon kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka akan nuni.

Wannan, ba shakka, ya fi kyau, amma har yanzu bai dace ba don riƙe na'urori daban-daban guda biyu akan cinyar ku. Lokacin da kake aiki a tebur, babu gunaguni, amma yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ana kiranta kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka da wani suna, da ƙoƙarin tabbatar da sunansa, kamar yadda ya nuna cewa ƙaramin 40-halayen nuni ya fi dacewa.

Don haka marubucin ya jira sabon samfurin da aka daɗe da alkawarin a cikin jerin Handy Tech Star don fito da shi. Komawa cikin 2002, samfurin da ya gabata Handy Tech Braille Star 40 ya fito, inda yankin jikin ya isa ya sanya kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka a saman. Kuma idan bai dace ba, akwai tsayawar da za a iya janyewa. Yanzu wannan samfurin an maye gurbinsa da Active Star 40, wanda kusan iri ɗaya ne, amma tare da ingantaccen kayan lantarki.

Kuma tsayawar da za a iya cirewa ya kasance:

Amma abu mafi dacewa game da sabon samfurin shine hutu kusan girman wayar hannu (duba KDPV). Yana buɗewa lokacin da dandalin ya koma baya. Ya zama bai dace ba don riƙe wayar hannu a can, amma kuna buƙatar ko ta yaya amfani da rukunin fanko, wanda a ciki akwai ko da wutar lantarki.

Abu na farko da marubucin ya zo da shi shi ne sanya Rasberi Pi a wurin, amma lokacin da aka sayi nunin, ya nuna cewa tsayawar da ke rufe ɗakin ba ta zamewa tare da “rasberi.” Yanzu, idan allon ya kasance kawai 3 mm bakin ciki ...

Amma wani abokin aiki ya gaya mani game da sakin Rasberi Pi Zero, wanda ya zama dan kadan wanda biyu daga cikinsu zasu iya shiga cikin ɗakin ... ko watakila ma uku. Nan da nan aka ba da odarsa tare da katin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai 64 GB, Bluetooth, “whistle” da Micro USB na USB. Bayan 'yan kwanaki duk wannan ya zo, kuma abokai masu gani sun taimaka wa marubucin ya shirya taswira. Nan da nan komai ya yi aiki kamar yadda ya kamata.

Me aka yi don wannan

A bayan Handy Tech Active Star 40 akwai tashoshin USB guda biyu don na'urori kamar maɓallan madannai. An haɗa ƙaramin madanni mai girman gaske tare da dutsen maganadisu. Lokacin da aka haɗa madannai, kuma nuni da kansa yana aiki ta Bluetooth, kwamfutar kuma ta gane shi azaman maɓallin Bluetooth.

Don haka, idan kun haɗa “whistle” na Bluetooth zuwa Rasberi Pi Zero wanda aka sanya a cikin sashin wayoyin hannu, zai sami damar sadarwa tare da nunin maƙallan ta Bluetooth ta amfani da shi. Farashin BRLTTY, kuma idan kuma kun haɗa keyboard zuwa nuni, "rasberi" zai yi aiki da shi ma.

Amma ba haka kawai ba. Ita kanta “rasberi”, na iya shiga Intanet ta hanyar PAN ta Bluetooth daga kowace na’ura da ke goyan bayansa. Marubucin ya tsara wayoyinsa da kwamfutocinsa a gida da kuma aiki daidai, amma a nan gaba yana shirin daidaita wani "rasberi" don wannan - na gargajiya, ba sifili ba, wanda aka haɗa zuwa Ethernet da wani "busa" na Bluetooth.

BlueZ 5 da PAN

Hanyar daidaitawa ta hanyar amfani da PAN bluez ya juya ya zama babu tabbas. Marubucin ya samo rubutun bt-pan Python (duba ƙasa), wanda ke ba ku damar saita PAN ba tare da GUI ba.

Ana iya amfani da shi don saita duka uwar garken da abokin ciniki. Bayan karɓar umarnin da ya dace ta hanyar D-Bus lokacin aiki a yanayin abokin ciniki, yana ƙirƙirar sabon na'urar cibiyar sadarwa bnep0 nan da nan bayan kafa haɗi tare da uwar garke. Yawanci, ana amfani da DHCP don sanya adireshin IP zuwa wannan haɗin gwiwa. A cikin yanayin uwar garken, BlueZ yana buƙatar sunan na'urar gada wanda zai iya ƙara na'urar bawa don haɗa kowane abokin ciniki. Haɓaka adireshi don na'urar gada da gudanar da uwar garken DHCP tare da maƙerin IP akan gada yawanci duk abin da ake buƙata.

Bluetooth PAN Access Point tare da Systemd

Don saita gadar, marubucin ya yi amfani da systemd-networkd:

Fayil /etc/systemd/network/pan.netdev

[NetDev]
Name=pan
Kind=bridge
ForwardDelaySec=0

Fayil /etc/systemd/network/pan.network

[Match]
Name=pan

[Network]
Address=0.0.0.0/24
DHCPServer=yes
IPMasquerade=yes

Yanzu muna buƙatar tilasta BlueZ don saita bayanin martabar NAP. Ya juya cewa ba za a iya yin hakan tare da daidaitattun kayan aikin BlueZ 5.36 ba. Idan marubucin ya yi kuskure, gyara shi: mlang (zai iya motsa kunnuwansa) makaho (wani lokaci samun dama da adadi) guru.

Amma ya samu shafin yanar gizo и Rubutun Python don yin kiran da ake bukata zuwa D-Bus.

Don saukakawa, marubucin ya yi amfani da sabis na Systemd don gudanar da rubutun kuma duba idan an warware abubuwan dogaro.

Fayil /etc/systemd/system/pan.service

[Unit]
Description=Bluetooth Personal Area Network
After=bluetooth.service systemd-networkd.service
Requires=systemd-networkd.service
PartOf=bluetooth.service

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/pan

[Install]
WantedBy=bluetooth.target

Fayil /usr/local/sbin/pan

#!/bin/sh
# Ugly hack to work around #787480
iptables -F
iptables -t nat -F
iptables -t mangle -F
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

exec /usr/local/sbin/bt-pan --systemd --debug server pan

Ba za a buƙaci fayil na biyu ba idan Debian yana da goyon bayan IPMasquerade= (duba ƙasa). #787480).

Bayan aiwatar da umarni systemctl daemon-sake saukewa и systemctl sake farawa systemd-networkd za ka iya fara Bluetooth PAN tare da umarnin systemctl fara kwanon rufi

Abokin ciniki na PAN na Bluetooth ta amfani da Systemd

Bangaren abokin ciniki kuma yana da sauƙin daidaitawa ta amfani da Systemd.

Fayil /etc/systemd/network/pan-client.network

[Match]
Name=bnep*

[Network]
DHCP=yes

Fayil /etc/systemd/system/[email kariya]

[Unit]
Description=Bluetooth Personal Area Network client

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/local/sbin/bt-pan --debug --systemd client %I --wait

Yanzu, bayan sake kunna saitin, zaku iya haɗawa zuwa takamaiman wurin samun damar Bluetooth kamar haka:

systemctl start pan@00:11:22:33:44:55

Haɗa ta amfani da layin umarni

Tabbas, saitin uwar garken da abokan ciniki dole ne a yi su bayan haɗa su ta Bluetooth. A kan uwar garken kuna buƙatar kunna bluetoothctl kuma ku ba shi umarni:

power on
agent on
default-agent
scan on
scan off
pair XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
trust XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX

Bayan fara sikanin, jira ƴan daƙiƙa kaɗan har sai na'urar da kuke buƙata ta bayyana a cikin jerin. Rubuta adireshin sa kuma yi amfani da shi ta hanyar ba da umarnin biyu kuma, idan ya cancanta, umarnin amintaccen.

A gefen abokin ciniki, kuna buƙatar yin abu iri ɗaya, amma babu shakka ba a buƙatar umarnin amana. Sabar tana buƙatar shi don karɓar haɗi ta amfani da bayanin martabar NAP ba tare da tabbatarwa da hannu daga mai amfani ba.

Marubucin bai tabbata cewa wannan shine mafi kyawun jerin umarni ba. Wataƙila duk abin da ake buƙata shine haɗa abokin ciniki tare da uwar garken kuma gudanar da umarnin amana akan sabar, amma bai gwada wannan ba tukuna.

Ƙaddamar da bayanin martaba na Bluetooth HID

Ana buƙatar Rasberi ya gane maballin da aka haɗa da nunin Braille ta waya, kuma nunin da kansa ke watsa ta Bluetooth. Ana yin wannan ta hanya ɗaya, maimakon haka wakili a kan bukatar bada umarni Allon madannai kawai kuma bluetoothctl zai nemo na'ura mai bayanin martabar HID.

Amma saita Bluetooth ta hanyar layin umarni yana da ɗan rikitarwa

Kodayake marubucin ya sami damar daidaita komai, ya fahimci cewa daidaita BlueZ ta hanyar layin umarni ba shi da daɗi. Da farko ya yi tunanin cewa ana buƙatar wakilai kawai don shigar da lambobin PIN, amma ya juya, alal misali, don kunna bayanin martabar HID kuna buƙatar buga “Agent KeyboardOnly”. Yana da ban mamaki cewa don ƙaddamar da PAN na Bluetooth kuna buƙatar hawa ta cikin wuraren ajiya don neman rubutun da ake buƙata. Ya tuna cewa a cikin sigar baya ta BlueZ akwai kayan aiki da aka shirya don wannan fandare - a ina yake yi a BlueZ 5? Nan da nan wani sabon bayani ya bayyana, wanda marubucin bai sani ba, amma yana kwance a saman?

Yawan aiki

Gudun canja wurin bayanai ya kai kusan 120 kbit/s, wanda ya isa sosai. Mai sarrafa 1GHz ARM yana da sauri sosai don ƙirar layin umarni. Har yanzu marubucin yana shirin amfani da ssh da emacs akan na'urar.

Nau'in fonts da ƙudurin allo

Matsakaicin ƙudurin allo wanda framebuffer yayi amfani da shi akan Rasberi Pi Zero baƙon abu ne: fbset yayi rahoton shi azaman 656x416 pixels (babu mai saka idanu da aka haɗa, ba shakka). Tare da font na wasan bidiyo na 8 × 16, akwai haruffa 82 a kowane layi da layi 26.

Yana da wuya a yi aiki tare da nunin Braille mai haruffa 40 a wannan yanayin. Marubucin kuma yana son ganin harufan Unicode suna nunawa a cikin makafi. Abin farin ciki, Linux yana goyan bayan haruffa 512, kuma yawancin rubutun na'ura suna da 256. Ta amfani da saitin wasan bidiyo, zaku iya amfani da haruffa 256 guda biyu tare. Marubucin ya ƙara waɗannan layiyoyi zuwa fayil ɗin /etc/default/console-setup:

SCREEN_WIDTH=80
SCREEN_HEIGHT=25
FONT="Lat15-Terminus16.psf.gz brl-16x8.psf"

Lura: don samar da rubutun brl-16×8.psf, kuna buƙatar shigar da na'ura mai kwakwalwa.

Abin da ke gaba?

Nunin Braille yana da jack 3,5 mm, amma marubucin bai san adaftar don karɓar siginar sauti daga Mini-HDMI ba. Marubucin ya kasa yin amfani da katin sauti da aka gina a cikin Rasberi (ba mamaki, mai fassara ya tabbata cewa Zero ba shi da ɗaya, amma akwai hanyoyin fitar da sauti ta amfani da PWM zuwa GPIO). Yana shirin yin amfani da tashar USB-OTG kuma ya haɗa katin waje da sautin fitarwa zuwa lasifikar da aka gina a cikin nunin mawallafi. Don wasu dalilai, katunan waje guda biyu ba su yi aiki ba; yanzu yana neman makamancin na'urar akan wani chipset daban.

Hakanan yana da wahala a kashe “rasberi” da hannu, jira ƴan daƙiƙa kaɗan kuma kashe nunin madanni. Kuma duk saboda lokacin da aka kashe, yana cire wuta daga mahaɗin da ke cikin ɗakin. Marubucin yana shirin sanya ƙaramin batir mai ɗaukar hoto a cikin ɗakin kuma, ta hanyar GPIO, sanar da Rasberi game da kashe nunin, ta yadda zai fara rufe aikinsa. Wannan UPS ne a cikin ƙaramin.

Hoton tsarin

Idan kuna da nuni iri ɗaya na Braille kuma kuna son yin daidai da shi, marubucin a shirye yake ya samar da ingantaccen hoton tsarin (dangane da Raspbian Stretch). Ka rubuta masa game da wannan a adireshin da aka nuna a sama. Idan akwai isassun mutane masu sha'awar, yana yiwuwa ma a saki kits ɗin da suka haɗa da duk abin da ake buƙata don irin wannan gyare-gyare.

Godiya

Godiya ga Dave Mielke don gyara karatu.

Godiya ga Simon Kainz don hotunan hoto.

Godiya ga abokan aiki na a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Graz don gabatar da marubucin cikin sauri zuwa duniyar Rasberi Pi.

PS Farkon tweet marubucin kan wannan batu (ba ya buɗe - mai fassara) an yi shi ne kawai kwanaki biyar kafin buga ainihin wannan labarin, kuma ana iya la'akari da cewa, ban da matsalolin sauti, aikin ya kasance a zahiri. Af, marubucin ya gyara sigar ƙarshe na rubutun daga “nuni na Braille mai wadatar kansa” da ya yi, yana haɗa ta ta SSH zuwa kwamfutar gida.

source: www.habr.com