Adadin na'urori da buƙatun don saurin canja wurin bayanai a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa mara waya suna girma kowace rana. Kuma "masu yawa" cibiyoyin sadarwa suna, mafi a fili a bayyane gazawar tsoffin ƙayyadaddun Wi-Fi: saurin da amincin watsa bayanai yana raguwa. Don magance wannan matsala, an ƙirƙiri sabon ma'auni - Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax). Yana ba ku damar isa saurin haɗin mara waya har zuwa 2.4 Gbps kuma kuyi aiki tare tare da ɗimbin na'urori masu alaƙa. Mun riga mun aiwatar da shi a cikin na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da adaftar . A cikin wannan labarin za mu nuna iyawar su.
Sabo a cikin Wi-Fi 6
Matsayin da ya gabata, Wi-Fi 5 (802.11ac), an haɓaka shi shekaru 9 da suka gabata, kuma yawancin hanyoyin sa ba a tsara su don yawan haɗin gwiwa ba. Yayin da adadin na'urori ke ƙaruwa, saurin kowane ɗayan su yana raguwa, yayin da tsangwama tsakanin juna ke faruwa a matakin jiki kuma ana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa don jira da yin shawarwarin watsawa.
Duk sabbin abubuwan Wi-Fi 6 suna da nufin haɓaka ayyukan na'urori masu yawa a cikin iyakataccen yanki, haɓaka saurin watsawa ga kowane ɗayansu. Ana magance wannan matsala a lokaci guda ta hanyoyi da yawa, wanda ke tasowa don haɓaka haɓakar amfani da mitar mita da rage tsoma bakin juna na na'urorin makwabta. Ga wasu mahimman ra'ayoyi.
Launi na BSS: Yana taimakawa rage tasirin wuraren samun maƙwabta
Lokacin da wuraren samun dama da yawa suka zo juna, suna hana juna fara watsawa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwar Wi-Fi, ana aiwatar da damar yin amfani da matsakaici daidai da tsarin CSMA / CA (mai ɗaukar ma'ana da yawa da gujewa karo): na'urar lokaci-lokaci tana "sauraron" mitar. Idan yana aiki, ana jinkirin watsawa kuma ana sauraron mita bayan wani lokaci. Don haka, yawancin na'urori suna da alaƙa da hanyar sadarwar, gwargwadon tsayin kowane ɗayan su ya jira lokacin sa don watsa fakiti. Idan akwai wata hanyar sadarwa mara waya a kusa, sauraron mita zai nuna cewa hanyar watsawa tana aiki kuma baza'a fara watsawa ba.
Wi-Fi 6 ya gabatar da wata hanya don raba watsa "naku" daga "baƙin waje" - BSS Coloring. Kowane fakitin da aka watsa ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa mara waya ana yiwa alama da takamaiman launi; watsa fakitin wasu kawai ana watsi da su. Wannan yana haɓaka tsarin gwagwarmaya don watsa watsawa sosai.
Modulation 1024-QAM: yana watsa ƙarin a cikin rukunin sifofi iri ɗaya
Wi-Fi 6 yana aiwatar da mafi girman matakin quadrature modulation (idan aka kwatanta da ma'auni na baya): 1024-QAM, ana samun su a cikin sabbin hanyoyin shigar MCS 10 da 11. Yana ba ku damar watsa bayanan rago 10 a cikin fakiti maimakon 8. A matakin jiki, wannan yana ƙara saurin watsawa da kashi 25%.
OFDMA: tana matsar watsawa ta amfani da kowane hertz da millisecond
OFDMA - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access - ra'ayi ne wanda shine ci gaba na OFDM, aro daga cibiyoyin sadarwa na 4G. Ƙimar mitar da ke faruwa a cikinta an raba shi zuwa masu ɗaukar kaya. Don isar da bayanai, ana haɗa adadin masu jigilar kayayyaki ta yadda za a iya watsa fakitin bayanai da yawa a layi daya (akan ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na masu ɗaukar kaya). A cikin Wi-Fi 6, an ƙara adadin masu ɗaukar ƙasa da sau 4, wanda a cikin kanta yana ba da damar sassauƙan sarrafa nau'ikan nau'ikan bakan. A lokaci guda, matsakaicin watsawa, kamar yadda ya gabata, an raba ta lokaci.
Dogon alamar OFDM: yana sa watsawa ya fi karko
Ingancin watsawa yana ƙayyade ba kawai yawan "marufi" na bayanai ba, har ma da amincin isar da shi. Don haɓaka dogaro a cikin cunkoson mahalli na bakan lantarki, Wi-Fi 6 ya ƙaru duka tsayin alamar da tazarar gadi.
Goyan bayan 2.4 GHz: yana ba da zaɓi don yanayin yaduwa daban-daban
Na'urorin Wi-Fi 5 sun goyi bayan mizanin Wi-Fi 4 na baya a cikin wannan kewayon, wanda bai dace da ƙarin buƙatun akan mitar mitar ba. Yin amfani da band ɗin 2.4 GHz yana ba da mafi girman kewayon, amma yana da ƙananan ƙimar canja wurin bayanai.
Beamforming da 8 × 8 MU-MIMO: ba ku damar "zafi" iska a banza
Fasahar beamforming tana ba ku damar canza yanayin radiyo na wurin shiga, daidaita shi zuwa na'urar karba, koda kuwa yana motsawa. MU-MIMO, bi da bi, yana ba ku damar aikawa da karɓar bayanai zuwa abokan ciniki da yawa a lokaci ɗaya. Dukansu fasahohin sun bayyana a cikin Wi-Fi 5, amma a lokacin MU-MIMO ya yiwu ne kawai don watsa bayanai daga na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa zuwa mabukaci. A cikin Wi-Fi 6, hanyoyin watsawa biyu suna aiki (ko da yake a halin yanzu duka na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa suna sarrafa su). A lokaci guda, 8x8 MU-MIMO yana nufin cewa tashar za ta kasance a lokaci guda don saukewa 8 da rafukan zazzagewa 8.
Kibiya AX6000
Archer AX6000 shine farkon na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na TP-Link tare da goyan bayan Wi-Fi 6. Yana da babban jiki (25x25x6 cm) tare da eriya masu naɗewa da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 12V 4000 mA:
Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tana da tashoshin LAN 8 gigabit, tashar WAN mai karfin 2.5 Gbps da tashoshin USB guda biyu: USB-C da USB-3.0. Hakanan a ƙarshen akwai maɓallin sarrafawa don WPS, Wi-Fi da nunin haske akan gunkin tsakiya:
An tsara na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa don shigarwa akan tebur ko bango ta amfani da sukurori biyu:
Don cire murfin saman kuma ganin abin da ke ciki, kuna buƙatar cire matosai masu laushi daga baya, ku kwance sukullun guda huɗu, sannan ku kwance murfin. Tun da akwai nuni a saman murfin, akwai kebul ɗin da ke zuwa gare ta wanda ke buƙatar cire haɗin:
A ciki, komai yana kunshe a cikin jirgi ɗaya tare da manyan radiators masu ƙarfi: samfurin yana aiki da shiru kuma ya dace da shigarwa a gida ko kusa da wurin aiki. Boye a ƙarƙashin radiyo shine mai sarrafa quad-core 1.8 GHz da masu sarrafa guda 2 daga Broadcom.
Don zuwa wancan gefen allon, kuna buƙatar cire haɗin eriya waɗanda ke haɗe zuwa mai haɗin UFL. An riƙe su da eriya akan shirye-shiryen bidiyo kuma ana iya cire su cikin sauƙi:
Kamar yadda ƙa'idar ta tsara, na'urar tana goyan bayan 8x8 MU-MIMO. Tare da OFDMA a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa masu aiki, fasaha na iya haɓaka kayan aiki har sau 4 idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin Wi-Fi 5.
Kuna iya gwaji tare da ayyuka a ciki (Af, shi ma yana da canji zuwa Rasha). Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da kanta tana goyan bayan daidaitattun saitunan cibiyar sadarwa: WAN, LAN, DHCP, kulawar iyaye, IPV6, NAT, QOS, yanayin cibiyar sadarwar baƙi.
Archer AX6000 na iya aiki azaman na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, yana rarraba Intanet ga masu amfani da waya da mara waya, ko azaman hanyar shiga:
A lokaci guda, ana iya tura hanyar sadarwa mara igiyar waya a lokaci guda a cikin jeri biyu - idan ya cancanta kuma idan akwai tallafin da ya dace, ana canjawa abokan ciniki zuwa mafi ƙarancin lodi:
Daga cikin saitunan ci gaba, zaku iya zaɓar tsakanin Buɗe VPN da PPTP VPN:
Ana samar da ƙarin tsaro ta hanyar riga-kafi da aka gina a ciki, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don saita tace abubuwan da ba'a so da kariya daga harin waje. Antivirus, kamar kulawar iyaye, ana aiwatar da shi bisa samfuran TrendMicro:
Ana iya sanya kebul ɗin da aka haɗa a matsayin babban fayil ɗin da aka raba ko sabar FTP:
Daga cikin ayyukan ci gaba na gida, AX6000 yana da tallafi don aiki tare da mataimakiyar muryar Alexa da IFTTT, tare da abin da zaku iya ƙirƙirar yanayin gida mai sauƙi:
Kibiya TX3000E
Archer TX3000E shine Wi-Fi da adaftar Bluetooth wanda ke amfani da kwakwalwar Intel Wi-Fi 6. Kit ɗin ya haɗa da allon PCI-E kanta, tushe mai nisa na 98 cm mai nisa tare da eriya biyu, da ƙarin hawa don raka'o'in tsarin ƙaramin tsari. Eriyas suna amfani da daidaitaccen haɗin SMA, don haka idan ya cancanta, ana iya maye gurbinsu da masu tsayi.
Lokacin aiki a cikin yanayin dacewa na 802.11ax, wannan adaftan yana ba ku damar cimma matsakaicin saurin 2.4 Gbps. Don haka, idan tashar sadarwa ta iyakance zuwa 1000/500 Mbit/s:
Me game da kewayon?
Ana iya la'akari da kewayon watsawa azaman siffa ta takamaiman na'ura a yanayi biyu: in babu wasu na'urori da cikas, da kuma cikin yanayin cibiyar sadarwa mai yawa na wasu daidaitattun daidaito.
A cikin shari'ar farko, ana ƙaddamar da kewayon watsawa ta ikon mai watsawa, kuma an iyakance shi ta ma'auni. Tare da goyon bayan bayanan Beamforming, kewayon tabbas zai kasance sama da na na'urori na sigar da ta gabata ta daidaitattun, tunda za'a daidaita tsarin radiyo na jigilar eriya ta hanyar na'urar abokin ciniki. Zai zama ma'ana don yin magana game da wasu nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje kawai lokacin da nau'ikan na'urori masu goyan bayan Wi-Fi 6 suka shiga kasuwa, suna aiwatar da daidaita yanayin hasken hasken ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Amma ko da a wannan yanayin, gwajin zai kasance mai yuwuwa na dakin gwaje-gwaje, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da ainihin aikin waɗannan na'urori.
A cikin yanayi na biyu - lokacin da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ke watsa bayanai a kusa da sauran na'urori masu kama da juna - kwatanta da ka'idodin da suka gabata kuma ba shi da ma'ana. BSS Coloring zai ba ku damar karɓar sigina da yawa, koda na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa yana aiki a kusa da tashar guda ɗaya. MU-MIMO ma za ta taka rawa a nan. A wasu kalmomi, ma'auni da kansa an gina shi ta yadda kwatanta akan wannan siga ba shi da ma'ana.
source: www.habr.com