A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2010, David Collier ya rubuta:
Na lura cewa a cikin busybox an raba hanyoyin zuwa waɗannan kundayen adireshi huɗu.
Shin akwai wata ƙa'ida mai sauƙi don tantancewa a cikin wanne kundin adireshi wanda ya kamata ya kwanta…
Misali, kisa yana cikin /bin, kuma killall yana cikin /usr/bin... Ban ga wata dabara a cikin wannan rabo ba.
Wataƙila kun san cewa Ken Thompson da Dennis Ritchie sun kirkiro Unix akan PDP-7 a 1969. Don haka, a wajen 1971, sun haɓaka zuwa PDP-11 tare da faifai RK05 guda biyu (megabyte 1,5 kowanne).
Lokacin da tsarin aiki ya girma kuma ba ya dace da faifai na farko (wanda tushen FS yake), sun koma na biyu, inda aka samo kundayen adireshi (don haka, ana kiran wurin dutsen / usr - daga kalmar. mai amfani). Sun kwafi duk mahimman kundayen adireshi na OS a wurin (/bin, /sbin, /lib, /tmp ...) kuma suka sanya fayilolin akan sabon faifai, saboda tsohon ya ƙare sarari. Sannan suna da faifai na uku, sai suka saka shi a cikin directory ɗin gida kuma suka matsar da kundayen adireshi na masu amfani a wurin domin OS ɗin ya ɗauki duk sauran sarari akan diski biyu, kuma waɗannan sune. kamar megabytes uku (wato!).
Tabbas, dole ne su yi doka cewa "lokacin da tsarin aiki ya tashi, dole ne ya iya hawa diski na biyu a cikin / usr, don haka kada ku sanya shirye-shirye kamar hawa akan diski na biyu a / usr ko za ku sami. matsalar kaza da kwai." Yana da sauki haka. Kuma hakan ya kasance a cikin Unix V6 shekaru 35 da suka gabata.
Rarraba / bin da / usr / bin (da duk irin waɗannan kundayen adireshi) gado ne na waɗancan al'amuran, dalla-dallan aiwatarwa daga 70s waɗanda ma'aikata suka kwafi shekaru da yawa yanzu. Ba su taba yin tambayar ba me yasakawai suka yi. Wannan rarrabuwa ta daina yin ma'ana tun kafin a ƙirƙiri Linux, saboda dalilai da yawa:
- Lokacin yin booting, ana amfani da initrd ko initramfs, wanda ke kula da matsalolin kamar "muna buƙatar wannan fayil kafin wancan." Don haka, muna da ya riga ya tsarin fayil na wucin gadi wanda ake amfani dashi don loda duk wani abu.
- Laburaren da aka raba (waɗanda mutanen Berkley suka ƙara zuwa Unix) ba sa ba ka damar canza abubuwan da ke cikin /lib da /usr/lib da kansu. Waɗannan sassan biyu dole ne su daidaita ko ba za su yi aiki ba. Hakan bai faru ba a cikin 1974 saboda sun sami 'yancin kai a wancan lokacin saboda haɗin kai tsaye.
- Ɗauki mai arha ya karya shingen megabyte 100 a kusa da 1990, kuma a lokaci guda, software mai canza girman bangare ya bayyana (sihiri sihiri 3.0 ya fito a cikin 1997).
Tabbas tunda aka samu rarrabuwar kawuna wasu sun fito da ka’idoji da suka tabbatar da hakan. Kamar, ana buƙatar tushen ɓangaren don kowane nau'in fasalulluka na OS, kuma kuna buƙatar sanya fayilolinku na gida / usr. Ko saka / abin da AT&T ke rarrabawa, da / usr abin da rarrabawar ku, IBM AIX, ko Dec Ultrix, ko SGI Irix ya ƙara, da /usr/na gida ya ƙunshi fayiloli na musamman ga tsarin ku. Sannan wani ya yanke shawarar /usr/local ba shine wurin da ya dace don shigar da sabbin software ba, don haka bari mu ƙara / fita! Ba zan yi mamakin idan / fita / gida kuma ya bayyana ...
Tabbas, a cikin shekaru 30, saboda wannan rabuwa, kowane nau'in ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ka'idoji masu ban sha'awa sun zo kuma sun tafi. Misali, "/tmp yana sharewa akan sake yi, amma /usr/tmp baya." (Kuma a cikin Ubuntu babu / usr / tmp bisa ka'ida, kuma a cikin Gentoo / usr / tmp alama ce ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa zuwa / var / tmp, wanda yanzu ke ƙarƙashin wannan ƙa'idar, kuma ba a share shi akan sake yi ba. Ee, wannan Ya kasance duk kafin Haka kuma ya faru cewa tushen FS yana karantawa kawai, sannan ba kwa buƙatar rubuta wani abu zuwa / usr ko dai, amma kuna buƙatar rubuta zuwa / var. mafi yawa ba za a iya rubuta sai dai a / sauransu, wanda wani lokaci ana ƙoƙarin motsa shi zuwa / var ...)
Masu fafutuka kamar Linux Foundation (wanda ya haɗiye Rukunin Matsayi na Kyauta a lokacin haɓakarta shekarun da suka gabata) suna farin cikin rubutawa da rikitarwa waɗannan ƙa'idodin ba tare da ƙoƙarin gano dalilin da yasa suke wurin ba. Abin da ba su gane ba shi ne Ken da Dennis sun ƙaura ne kawai na OS ɗin zuwa littafin tarihin gidansu saboda faifan RK05 akan PDP-11 ya yi ƙanƙanta.
Na tabbata cewa busybox kawai yana sanya fayiloli daidai da yadda yake da tarihi. Babu ainihin dalilin yin haka sai yanzu. Da kaina, Ina kawai yin / bin, / sbin da / lib hanyar haɗin kai zuwa irin kundayen adireshi a /usr. Bayan haka, mutanen da ke aiki da software da aka saka suna ƙoƙarin fahimta da sauƙaƙe ...
source: www.habr.com