A cikin wannan labarin, Ina so in yi magana game da fasalulluka na All Flash AccelStor arrays aiki tare da ɗayan shahararrun dandamali na kama-da-wane - VMware vSphere. Musamman, mayar da hankali kan waɗancan sigogi waɗanda za su taimaka muku samun matsakaicin sakamako daga amfani da irin wannan kayan aiki mai ƙarfi kamar All Flash.
AccelStor NeoSapphire™ Duk tsararrun Flash ne ko na'urorin node dangane da tuƙi na SSD tare da wata hanya ta daban don aiwatar da manufar adana bayanai da tsara damar zuwa gare ta ta amfani da fasahar mallakar mallaka. maimakon mashahurin RAID algorithms. Tsarukan suna ba da damar toshe hanyar zuwa runduna ta hanyar Fiber Channel ko musaya na iSCSI. Don yin gaskiya, mun lura cewa samfura tare da keɓancewar ISCSI suma suna da damar fayil azaman kari mai kyau. Amma a cikin wannan labarin za mu mai da hankali kan amfani da ka'idojin toshe a matsayin mafi inganci ga All Flash.
Dukkanin tsarin turawa da tsarin aiki na haɗin gwiwa na AccelStor array da VMware vSphere tsarin haɓakawa ana iya raba su zuwa matakai da yawa:
- Aiwatar da haɗin kai topology da daidaitawar hanyar sadarwar SAN;
- Ƙirƙirar duk tsararrun Flash;
- Yana daidaita runduna ta ESXi;
- Saita injunan kama-da-wane.
AccelStor NeoSapphire™ Fiber Channel arrays da iSCSI an yi amfani da su azaman kayan aikin samfuri. Tushen software shine VMware vSphere 6.7U1.
Kafin tura tsarin da aka kwatanta a cikin wannan labarin, ana ba da shawarar sosai cewa ku karanta takaddun daga VMware game da batutuwan aiki ( ) da kuma saitunan iSCSI ()
Connection topology da SAN cibiyar sadarwa sanyi
Babban abubuwan haɗin yanar gizon SAN sune HBAs a cikin runduna ESXi, SAN switches da tsararrun nodes. Tsarin topology na irin wannan hanyar sadarwa zai yi kama da haka:
Kalmar Switch a nan tana nufin duka daban-daban canji na jiki ko saitin switches (Fabric), da na'urar da aka raba tsakanin ayyuka daban-daban (VSAN a yanayin Fiber Channel da VLAN a yanayin iSCSI). Yin amfani da maɓallai masu zaman kansu guda biyu/Kayayyaki zai kawar da yiwuwar gazawar.
Haɗin kai tsaye na runduna zuwa tsararru, kodayake ana goyan baya, ba a ba da shawarar sosai ba. Ayyukan All Flash arrays yana da girma sosai. Kuma don iyakar gudu, duk tashoshin jiragen ruwa dole ne a yi amfani da su. Don haka, kasancewar aƙalla sauyawa ɗaya tsakanin runduna da NeoSapphire™ ya zama tilas.
Kasancewar tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda biyu akan HBA mai masaukin baki shima wajibi ne don cimma matsakaicin aiki da tabbatar da juriya ga kuskure.
Lokacin amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta Fiber, dole ne a saita tsarin yanki don kawar da yuwuwar karo tsakanin masu farawa da hari. An gina yankuna bisa ƙa'idar "tashar mai farawa ɗaya - ɗaya ko fiye da tashar jiragen ruwa."
Idan kuna amfani da haɗin kai ta iSCSI a cikin yanayin amfani da maɓalli da aka raba tare da wasu ayyuka, to yana da mahimmanci don ware zirga-zirgar iSCSI a cikin wani VLAN daban. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar sosai don ba da tallafi ga Jumbo Frames (MTU = 9000) don ƙara girman fakiti akan hanyar sadarwar kuma ta haka ne rage adadin bayanan sama da ƙasa yayin watsawa. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa don aiki daidai ya zama dole don canza ma'aunin MTU akan duk abubuwan haɗin cibiyar sadarwa tare da sarkar "Initiator-switch- target".
Saita duk tsararrun Flash
Ana isar da tsararru ga abokan ciniki waɗanda aka riga aka kafa ƙungiyoyi . Don haka, babu wani mataki da ya kamata a ɗauka don haɗa tuƙi zuwa tsari ɗaya. Kuna buƙatar ƙirƙira juzu'i na girman da ake buƙata da yawa.
Don saukakawa, akwai ayyuka don ƙirƙirar juzu'i da yawa na girman da aka bayar a lokaci ɗaya. Ta hanyar tsohuwa, ana ƙirƙira ƙararraki na bakin ciki, saboda wannan yana ba da damar ingantaccen amfani da sararin ajiya da ake da shi (gami da tallafi don Mayar da Sararin Sama). Dangane da aikin, bambanci tsakanin kundin "bakin ciki" da "kauri" bai wuce 1% ba. Duk da haka, idan kuna son "matsi duk ruwan 'ya'yan itace" daga cikin tsararru, koyaushe kuna iya canza kowane ƙarar "baƙi" zuwa "kauri" ɗaya. Amma ya kamata a tuna cewa irin wannan aiki ba zai iya jurewa ba.
Bayan haka, ya rage don "buga" kundin da aka ƙirƙira kuma saita haƙƙin samun dama gare su daga runduna ta amfani da ACLs (adireshin IP na iSCSI da WWPN don FC) da rabuwa ta jiki ta hanyar tashar jiragen ruwa. Don ƙirar iSCSI ana yin wannan ta ƙirƙirar Target.
Don ƙirar FC, bugawa yana faruwa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar LUN ga kowane tashar jiragen ruwa na tsararru.
Don hanzarta aiwatar da saitin, ana iya haɗa runduna zuwa ƙungiyoyi. Bugu da ƙari, idan mai watsa shiri yana amfani da multiport FC HBA (wanda a mafi yawan lokuta yakan faru), to tsarin yana ƙayyade ta atomatik cewa tashar jiragen ruwa na irin wannan HBA na cikin runduna guda ɗaya godiya ga WWPNs wanda ya bambanta da daya. Ƙirƙirar tsari na Target/LUN kuma ana tallafawa don musaya biyu.
Wani muhimmin bayanin kula lokacin amfani da ƙirar iSCSI shine ƙirƙirar maƙasudi da yawa don ƙididdigewa lokaci guda don haɓaka aiki, tunda ba za a iya canza jerin gwanon da aka yi niyya ba kuma zai zama cikas.
Ana saita Rundunan ESXi
A gefen ESXi mai masaukin baki, ana yin tsari na asali bisa ga yanayin da ake tsammani gaba ɗaya. Tsari don haɗin iSCSI:
- Ƙara Adaftar iSCSI Software (ba a buƙata idan an riga an ƙara shi, ko kuma idan kuna amfani da Adaftar iSCSI Hardware);
- Ƙirƙirar vSwitch ta hanyar da iSCSI zirga-zirga zai wuce, da kuma ƙara haɓakar jiki da VMkernal zuwa gare shi;
- Ƙara adiresoshin tsararru zuwa Gano Mai Dauki;
- Ƙirƙirar ma'ajin bayanai
Wasu mahimman bayanai:
- A cikin yanayin gabaɗaya, ba shakka, zaku iya amfani da vSwitch mai wanzuwa, amma a cikin yanayin vSwitch daban, sarrafa saitunan mai watsa shiri zai zama da sauƙi.
- Ya zama dole a raba Gudanarwa da zirga-zirgar iSCSI zuwa keɓaɓɓun hanyoyin haɗin jiki da/ko VLAN don guje wa matsalolin aiki.
- Adireshin IP na VMkernal da madaidaitan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na All Flash array dole ne su kasance cikin rukunin yanar gizo iri ɗaya, kuma saboda matsalolin aiki.
- Don tabbatar da haƙurin kuskure bisa ga ka'idodin VMware, vSwitch dole ne ya sami aƙalla abubuwan haɓaka na zahiri guda biyu
- Idan ana amfani da Frames Jumbo, kuna buƙatar canza MTU na duka vSwitch da VMkernal
- Zai zama da amfani a tunatar da ku cewa bisa ga shawarwarin VMware don adaftar jiki waɗanda za a yi amfani da su don aiki tare da zirga-zirgar iSCSI, ya zama dole don saita Ƙungiya da Failover. Musamman, kowane VMkernal dole ne yayi aiki ta hanyar haɗin kai ɗaya kawai, haɓakawa na biyu dole ne a canza shi zuwa yanayin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba. Don haƙurin kuskure, kuna buƙatar ƙara VMkernals guda biyu, kowannensu zai yi aiki ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa.
Adaftar VMkernel (vmk#)
Adaftar hanyar sadarwa ta jiki (vmnic#)
vmk1 (Ajiya01)
Adafta masu aiki
vmnic2
Adaftar da ba a yi amfani da su ba
vmnic3
vmk2 (Ajiya02)
Adafta masu aiki
vmnic3
Adaftar da ba a yi amfani da su ba
vmnic2
Ba a buƙatar matakan farko don haɗa ta tashar Fiber. Kuna iya ƙirƙirar Datastore nan da nan.
Bayan ƙirƙirar Datastore, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa an yi amfani da manufar Round Robin don hanyoyin zuwa Target/LUN a matsayin mafi yawan aiki.
Ta hanyar tsoho, saitunan VMware suna ba da amfani da wannan manufar bisa ga makirci: buƙatun 1000 ta hanyar farko, buƙatun 1000 na gaba ta hanyar ta biyu, da sauransu. Irin wannan hulɗar tsakanin mai watsa shiri da tsararrun mai sarrafawa biyu ba za ta kasance mara daidaituwa ba. Don haka, muna ba da shawarar saita manufofin Round Robin = siga 1 ta hanyar Esxcli/PowerCLI.
sigogi
Ga Esxcli:
- Jerin akwai LUNs
esxcli ajiya nmp jerin na'urorin
- Kwafi Sunan Na'ura
- Canza Manufar Round Robin
esxcli ajiya nmp psp roundrobin deviceconfig saita -type = iops -iops = 1 - na'ura = "Na'ura_ID"
Yawancin aikace-aikacen zamani an tsara su don musayar manyan fakitin bayanai don haɓaka amfani da bandwidth da rage nauyin CPU. Saboda haka, ESXi ta tsohuwa al'amurran I/O buƙatun zuwa na'urar ajiya a cikin gungu na har zuwa 32767KB. Koyaya, ga wasu al'amuran, musayar ƙananan gungu zai zama mafi fa'ida. Don tsararrun AcelStor, waɗannan su ne yanayin yanayin:
- Injin kama-da-wane yana amfani da UEFI maimakon Legacy BIOS
- Yana amfani da vSphere Replication
Don irin waɗannan al'amuran, ana ba da shawarar canza ƙimar ƙimar Disk.DiskMaxIOSize zuwa 4096.
Don haɗin iSCSI, ana ba da shawarar canza ma'aunin Login Timeout zuwa 30 (tsohuwar 5) don haɓaka kwanciyar hankali da kuma kashe jinkirin DelayedAck don tabbatar da fakitin da aka tura. Duk zaɓuɓɓuka biyu suna cikin vSphere Client: Mai watsa shiri → Sanya → Adanawa → Adaftar Adana → Zaɓuɓɓuka na ci gaba don adaftar iSCSI
Wani mahimmin batu shine adadin kundin da aka yi amfani da shi don ajiyar bayanai. A bayyane yake cewa don sauƙi na gudanarwa, akwai sha'awar ƙirƙirar babban girma guda ɗaya don dukan girman tsararru. Koyaya, kasancewar juzu'i da yawa kuma, daidai da haka, ɗakunan ajiya yana da tasiri mai fa'ida akan aikin gabaɗaya (ƙarin game da layin da ke ƙasa). Don haka, muna ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar aƙalla juzu'i biyu.
Har zuwa kwanan nan, VMware ya ba da shawarar iyakance adadin injunan kama-da-wane akan ma'ajin bayanai guda ɗaya, kuma don samun mafi girman aiki mai yuwuwa. Duk da haka, yanzu, musamman tare da yaduwar VDI, wannan matsala ba ta da girma sosai. Amma wannan ba zai soke dokar da aka daɗe ba - don rarraba injunan kama-da-wane waɗanda ke buƙatar IO mai ƙarfi a cikin ɗakunan ajiya daban-daban. Don ƙayyade mafi kyawun adadin injunan kama-da-wane a kowace girma, babu wani abu mafi kyau fiye da a cikin kayayyakin more rayuwa.
Saita injunan kama-da-wane
Babu buƙatu na musamman lokacin kafa injunan kama-da-wane, ko kuma na yau da kullun ne:
- Amfani da mafi girman yuwuwar sigar VM (daidaituwa)
- Yana da ƙarin hankali don saita girman RAM lokacin sanya na'urori masu ƙima sosai, alal misali, a cikin VDI (tun da ta tsohuwa, a farawa, an ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin shafi mai girman girman RAM, wanda ke cinye ƙarfin amfani kuma yana da tasiri akan. wasan karshe)
- Yi amfani da nau'ikan adaftar mafi inganci dangane da IO: nau'in cibiyar sadarwa VMXNET 3 da nau'in SCSI PVSCSI
- Yi amfani da nau'in faifai mai kauri mai kauri Eager Zeroed don mafi girman aiki da Samar da Bakin ciki don iyakar amfanin sararin ajiya.
- Idan zai yiwu, iyakance aikin injunan da ba na I/O ba ta amfani da Iyakar Disk
- Tabbatar shigar da Kayan aikin VMware
Bayanan kula akan layi
Queue (ko Fitattun I/Os) shine adadin buƙatun shigarwa/fitarwa (umarnin SCSI) waɗanda ke jiran aiki a kowane lokaci don takamaiman na'ura/ aikace-aikace. Idan akwai ambaliya a jerin gwano, ana fitar da kurakurai QFULL, wanda a ƙarshe yana haifar da karuwa a cikin ma'aunin latency. Lokacin amfani da tsarin ajiya na faifai (spindle), bisa ka'ida, mafi girman layin, mafi girman aikin su. Koyaya, bai kamata ku zage shi ba, tunda yana da sauƙin shiga QFULL. Dangane da tsarin All Flash, a gefe guda, komai ya ɗan sauƙaƙa: bayan haka, tsararrun tana da latencies waɗanda ke da ƙanƙanta umarni kuma don haka, galibi, babu buƙatar daidaita girman layin daban daban. Amma a gefe guda, a wasu amfani da al'amuran (ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin buƙatun IO don takamaiman injunan kama-da-wane, gwaje-gwaje don matsakaicin aiki, da sauransu) ya zama dole, idan ba don canza sigogin layin ba, to aƙalla don fahimtar menene alamun. za a iya cimma, kuma, babban abu shine ta wace hanyoyi.
A kan AccelStor All Flash array kanta babu iyaka dangane da kundin ko tashoshin I/O. Idan ya cancanta, ko da juzu'i ɗaya na iya karɓar duk albarkatun tsararru. Iyakance kawai akan layi shine don maƙasudan iSCSI. A saboda wannan dalili ne aka nuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar maƙasudi da yawa (aƙalla har guda 8) ga kowane ƙarar don shawo kan wannan iyaka. Bari kuma mu maimaita cewa tsarin AcelStor mafita ne mai fa'ida sosai. Saboda haka, ya kamata ku yi amfani da duk tashoshin sadarwa na tsarin don cimma iyakar gudu.
A bangaren mai masaukin baki na ESXi, lamarin ya sha bamban. Mai gida da kansa yana aiwatar da aikin daidaitaccen damar samun albarkatu ga duk mahalarta. Don haka, akwai jerin layin IO daban-daban don OS na baƙo da HBA. Ana haɗe jerin gwano zuwa OS ɗin baƙo daga jerin gwano zuwa adaftar SCSI mai kama da faifai:
Jerin gwano zuwa HBA ya dogara da takamaiman nau'in/mai siyarwa:
Aikin ƙarshe na na'ura mai kama-da-wane za a ƙayyade ta mafi ƙanƙanta Zurfin Queue tsakanin abubuwan haɗin gwiwar.
Godiya ga waɗannan dabi'u, za mu iya kimanta alamun aikin da za mu iya samu a cikin wani tsari na musamman. Misali, muna son sanin aikin na'ura mai kama-da-wane (ba tare da toshe ba) tare da latency na 0.5ms. Sannan IOPS = (1,000/latency) * Fitaccen I/Os (Iyayin Zurfin Queue)
misalai
misali 1
- Adaftar FC Emulex HBA
- VM ɗaya a kowace ma'adanar bayanai
- VMware Paravirtual SCSI Adafta
Anan Emulex HBA ke ƙayyade iyaka Zurfin Queue. Saboda haka IOPS = (1000/0.5)*32 = 64K
misali 2
- VMware iSCSI Adaftar Software
- VM ɗaya a kowace ma'adanar bayanai
- VMware Paravirtual SCSI Adafta
Anan an riga an ƙaddara iyakar zurfin Queue ta Paravirtual SCSI Adapter. Saboda haka IOPS = (1000/0.5)*64 = 128K
Manyan samfuran All Flash AcelStor arrays (misali, ) suna iya isar da 700K IOPS rubuta aikin a 4K block. Tare da irin wannan girman toshe, a bayyane yake cewa injin kama-da-wane guda ɗaya ba zai iya loda irin wannan tsararru ba. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar 11 (misali 1) ko 6 (misali 2) na'urori masu mahimmanci.
Sakamakon haka, tare da daidaitaccen tsari na duk abubuwan da aka kwatanta na cibiyar bayanan kama-da-wane, zaku iya samun sakamako mai ban sha'awa dangane da aiki.
4K bazuwar, 70% Karanta/30% Rubuta
A gaskiya ma, ainihin duniyar ta fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda za a iya kwatanta shi da tsari mai sauƙi. Mai watsa shiri ɗaya koyaushe yana ɗaukar injunan kama-da-wane da yawa tare da jeri daban-daban da buƙatun IO. Kuma sarrafa I/O ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar mai sarrafa kayan aiki, wanda ikonsa ba shi da iyaka. Don haka, don buɗe cikakkiyar damar iri ɗaya a gaskiya, za ku buƙaci runduna uku. Ƙari ga haka, aikace-aikacen da ke gudana a cikin injina na kama-da-wane suna yin nasu gyare-gyare. Saboda haka, don madaidaicin girman da muke bayarwa Duk shirye-shiryen Flash a cikin kayan aikin abokin ciniki akan ainihin ayyuka na yanzu.
source: www.habr.com