Ikon famfon insulin mara waya mai zaman kansa na gida

"Ni cyborg ne yanzu!" - Liam Zibidi, matashin mai shirya shirye-shirye, injiniyan blockchain/Fullstack kuma marubuci, ya bayyana cikin alfahari yayin da yake gabatar da kansa a shafukansa. blog post. A farkon watan Agusta, ya kammala aikinsa na DIY don ƙirƙirar na'urar da za a iya sawa, wanda ba tare da kunya ba ya laƙaba da "pancreas na wucin gadi." Maimakon haka, muna magana ne game da famfon insulin mai sarrafa kansa, kuma cyborg ɗinmu bai ɗauki hanya mai sauƙi ba a wasu fannoni na halittarsa. Kara karantawa game da manufar na'urar da fasahar buɗaɗɗen tushe da ta dogara da ita daga baya a cikin labarin.

misalai ban da zanen na'urar an ɗauko daga Blog din Liam

Ciwon sukari ga dummies

Liam yana da nau'in ciwon sukari na 1.
Idan daidai ne, kalmar "ciwon sukari" yana nufin rukuni na cututtuka tare da ƙara yawan diuresis - fitowar fitsari, amma adadin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari mellitus (DM) ya fi girma, kuma ɗan gajeren suna ya samo asali ga DM a asirce. A baya a tsakiyar zamanai, yawancin marasa lafiya da ciwon sukari sun lura da kasancewar sukari a cikin fitsari. Lokaci mai tsawo ya wuce kafin gano insulin hormone (wanda kuma zai zama furotin na farko da aka tsara gaba ɗaya a tarihi) da kuma rawar da yake takawa a cikin cututtukan ciwon sukari.
Insulin shine mafi mahimmancin hormone wanda ke daidaita metabolism na abubuwa da yawa, amma babban tasirinsa shine akan metabolism na carbohydrates, gami da sukari "babban" - glucose. Don metabolism na glucose a cikin sel, insulin shine, a zahiri magana, kwayar sigina. Akwai ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin masu karɓar insulin na musamman akan saman sel. "Zaune" akan su, insulin yana ba da sigina don ƙaddamar da ɗimbin halayen halayen halitta: tantanin halitta ya fara jigilar glucose a ciki ta cikin membrane kuma sarrafa shi a ciki.
Ana iya kwatanta tsarin samar da insulin da aikin ’yan adam da suka zo don yaƙar ambaliya. Matsayin insulin ya dogara da adadin glucose: yayin da ake samu, yawan adadin insulin gabaɗaya ya tashi don amsawa. Na sake maimaitawa: shine matakin a cikin kyallen takarda yana da mahimmanci, kuma ba adadin kwayoyin halitta ba, wanda ya dace da glucose kai tsaye, saboda insulin kanta ba ya ɗaure glucose kuma ba a kashe shi akan metabolism, kamar yadda masu sa kai ba sa sha mai shigowa. ruwa, amma gina madatsun ruwa na wani tsayi. Kuma wajibi ne a kiyaye wannan matakin insulin a saman sel, da kuma tsayin madatsun ruwa na wucin gadi a wuraren da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye.
A bayyane yake cewa idan babu isasshen insulin, to metabolism na glucose yana rushewa, ba ya shiga cikin sel, yana taruwa a cikin ruwayen halittu. Wannan shine pathogenesis na ciwon sukari. A baya can, akwai ma'anar rikice-rikice "insulin-dogara / ciwon sukari mai zaman kansa," amma ya fi dacewa don rarraba shi kamar haka: nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 shine rashin insulin na jiki (dalilin wannan shine mafi yawan mutuwar ƙwayoyin pancreatic); Nau'in ciwon sukari na 2 shine raguwar amsawar jiki zuwa matakin insulin nasa (dukkan dalilan ba su da cikakkiyar fahimta kuma sun bambanta). Nau'i na farko - akwai 'yan sa kai kaɗan kuma ba su da lokacin gina madatsun ruwa; Nau'in 1 - madatsun ruwa masu tsayi na al'ada, amma ko dai cike da ramuka ko an gina su.

Matsalar daidaitawa da hannu

Duk nau'ikan guda biyu, kamar yadda ya bayyana, suna haifar da haɓakar matakan glucose a waje da sel - a cikin jini, fitsari, wanda ke da mummunan tasiri akan jiki duka. Dole ne mu rayu ta hanyar kirgawa na kasa da kasa и hatsi raka'a a cikin sirinji da faranti, bi da bi. Amma ba koyaushe za ku iya daidaita abin da jikin da kansa yake yi da hannu ba. Dole ne mutum ya yi barci, kuma yayin barci, matakan insulin ya ci gaba da faduwa; mutum na iya, saboda yanayin yau da kullun, ba zai ci abinci akan lokaci ba - sannan matakin sukarinsa zai ragu a ƙarƙashin tasirin insulin na wucin gadi. A zahiri, rayuwa ta sami kanta a cikin rami na iyakokin matakan glucose, bayan abin da akwai suma.
Wani ɓangare na maganin wannan matsala shine na'urorin zamani waɗanda suka maye gurbin sirinji - famfun insulin. Wannan na'ura ce da ke amfani da allurar hypodermic da ake ci gaba da sakawa don yin allurar insulin ta atomatik. Amma isarwa mai dacewa kadai baya bada garantin daidaitaccen maganin maye gurbin insulin ba tare da bayanai kan matakin glucose na yanzu ba. Wannan wani ciwon kai ne ga likitoci da masana kimiyyar halittu: saurin gwaje-gwaje da kuma tsinkayar daidaitattun kuzarin insulin da matakan glucose. A fasaha, an fara aiwatar da wannan ta hanyar ci gaba da lura da glucose - tsarin CGM. Waɗannan na'urori iri-iri ne waɗanda ke ci gaba da karanta bayanai daga na'urar firikwensin da ake sakawa a ƙarƙashin fata koyaushe. Wannan hanyar ba ta da rauni kuma ta fi jan hankali ga masu amfani fiye da na gargajiya. bugun yatsa, amma na karshen ya fi daidai kuma ana bada shawarar don amfani idan matakin sukari har yanzu yana "saukar da" ko ta yaya ya canza da sauri akan lokaci.
Matsakaicin matsakaici a cikin wannan tsarin shine mutum - yawanci mai haƙuri da kansa. Yana daidaita wadatar insulin dangane da karatun glucometer da yanayin da ake tsammani - ko ya ci zaƙi ko yana shirin tsallake abincin rana. Amma a kan madaidaicin kayan lantarki, mutum ya zama hanyar haɗi mai rauni - menene idan lokacin bacci yana fama da matsanancin hypoglycemia kuma ya ɓace? Ko kuma zai yi ta wata hanyar da ba ta dace ba, ya manta / rasa / saita na'urar ba daidai ba, musamman idan har yanzu yana yaro? A irin waɗannan lokuta, mutane da yawa sun yi tunani game da ƙirƙirar tsarin amsawa - ta yadda na'urar shigar da insulin ta dace da fitarwa daga firikwensin glucose.

Feedback da bude tushen

Koyaya, matsala ta taso nan da nan - akwai famfo da glucometer da yawa akan kasuwa. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan duk na'urorin zartarwa ne, kuma suna buƙatar na'ura mai sarrafawa da software na gama gari wanda ke sarrafa su.
An riga an buga labarai akan Habré [1, 2] a kan batun hada na'urori biyu zuwa tsarin daya. Bugu da ƙari, ƙara ƙara na uku, zan gaya muku kadan game da ayyukan duniya waɗanda ke haɗa ƙoƙarin masu sha'awar da suke so su haɗa irin wannan tsarin da kansu.

Dana Lewis daga Seattle ne ya kafa aikin OpenAPS (Open Artificial Pancreas System). A karshen shekarar 2014, ita ma mai ciwon sukari irin ta 1, ta yanke shawarar yin irin wannan gwaji. Bayan ta gwada sannan tayi bayanin na'urarta dalla-dalla, daga karshe ta gano zaka iya, wanda ke bayyana dalla-dalla yadda za a haɗa ma'aunin ku na CGM da famfo, a cikin bambance-bambance daban-daban daga masana'antun daban-daban, tare da na'urori masu mahimmanci na tsaka-tsaki, zaɓuɓɓukan software akan Github, tare da takardun shaida da yawa daga al'umma masu tasowa masu amfani. Abu mafi mahimmanci da OpenAPS ya jaddada shine "za mu taimake ku da cikakkun bayanai, amma dole ne ku yi komai da kanku." Gaskiyar ita ce, irin waɗannan ayyukan mataki ɗaya ne daga takunkumi mai tsanani daga FDA (Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka, wanda ikonsa ya haɗa da duk magunguna da kayan kiwon lafiya). Idan kuma ba za ta iya hana ku karya ƙwararrun na'urori da haɗa su cikin tsarin gida don amfani da su da kanku ba, to duk wani ƙoƙari na taimaka muku yi ko sayar da shi za a hukunta shi mai tsanani. Na biyu, amma ba ra'ayi mai mahimmanci na OpenAPS ba shine tsaro na tsarin gida. Takaddun shaida a cikin tsarilabarai dari biyu kuma bayyananne, cikakken algorithms ana nufin su ne musamman don taimaka wa mai haƙuri kuma ba cutar da kansa ba.

Nightscout asusun taga
Wani aikin Nightscoout, yana bawa masu amfani damar loda bayanai daga na'urorin CGM ɗin su zuwa ajiyar girgije a cikin ainihin lokacin ta hanyar wayar hannu, agogo mai hankali da sauran na'urori, da kuma duba da sarrafa bayanan da aka karɓa. Aikin yana nufin yin amfani da bayanai mafi inganci da dacewa, kuma ya ƙunshi cikakkun jagorori, misali, shirye-shiryen daidaitawa glucometers tare da wayowin komai da ruwan tare da OS ɗaya ko wata da software da ake buƙata da masu watsawa na tsakiya.
Hannun bayanai yana da mahimmanci don tantance canjin yau da kullun a cikin glucose a cikin salon rayuwar ku da yiwuwar gyaran hali da cin abinci, don watsa bayanai a cikin tsari mai dacewa da hoto zuwa wayar hannu ko agogo mai wayo, don tsinkayar yanayin matakan glucose a nan gaba, kuma a cikin Bugu da kari, ana iya karantawa da sarrafa waɗannan bayanan ta software ta OpenAPS. Wannan shine ainihin abin da Liam yayi amfani da shi a cikin aikin sa. A kan labaran KDPV - bayanan sa na sirri daga sabis na girgije, inda "cokali mai yatsa" a dama shine matakan glucose da aka annabta ta OpenAPS.

Aikin Liam

Kuna iya karantawa game da aikin daki-daki a cikin shigarwar da ta dace a kan shafin yanar gizonsa, Zan yi ƙoƙarin sake ba da labari sosai kuma a sarari.
Hard ɗin ya haɗa da na'urori masu zuwa: fam ɗin insulin na Medtronic wanda Liam yake da shi a asali; CGM (glucometer) FreeStyle Libre tare da firikwensin NFC; wanda aka haɗa da shi shine MiaoMiao transmitter, wanda ke watsa bayanai daga firikwensin NFC na fata zuwa wayowin komai da ruwan ta Bluetooth; Intel Edison microcomputer a matsayin mai sarrafawa don sarrafa dukkan tsarin ta amfani da Buɗe APS; Explorer HAT mai watsa rediyo ne don haɗa ƙarshen tare da wayowin komai da ruwan famfo.
Da'irar ta cika.

Duka kayan aikin Liam €515, ban da famfon da yake da shi a baya. Ya ba da umarnin duk abubuwansa daga Amazon, ciki har da Edison da aka dakatar. Hakanan, na'urori masu auna firikwensin subcutaneous na CGM Libre suna da tsada mai tsada - Yuro 70 kowane yanki, wanda ke ɗaukar kwanaki 14.

Software: da farko, Jubilinux Linux rarraba don Edison sannan kuma ya sanya OpenAPS a kai, wanda marubucin na'urar, a cewarsa, ya sha wahala. Na gaba shine saita canja wurin bayanai daga CGM zuwa wayar hannu da gajimare, wanda dole ne ya ba da lasisin gina sirri na aikace-aikacen xDrip (€ 150) da kafa Nightscout - dole ne a “aure” tare da OpenAPS ta hanyar plugins na musamman. . Hakanan an sami matsaloli game da aikin gabaɗayan na'urar, amma al'ummar Nightscout sun sami nasarar taimaka wa Liam gano kwari.

Tabbas, yana iya zama kamar marubucin ya cika aikin. Liam ya zaɓi Intel Edison wanda aka daɗe yana aiki a matsayin "mafi ƙarfin kuzari fiye da Rasberi Pi." Apple OS kuma ya ƙara matsaloli tare da lasisin software da farashi mai kama da wayar Android. Duk da haka, kwarewarsa yana da amfani kuma zai ƙara yawan ayyuka masu kama da na'urorin gida, waɗanda aka tsara don inganta rayuwar mutane da yawa don ƙananan kuɗi. Mutanen da suka ƙara saba dogaro da ƙarfinsu da ƙwarewarsu.
Liam ya bayar da hujjar cewa nau'in ciwon sukari na 1 ya sanya shi rashin 'yanci, kuma na'urar da ya ƙirƙira wata hanya ce ta dawo da kwanciyar hankali na tunani na sarrafa jikinsa. Kuma baya ga dawo da salon rayuwarsa na yau da kullun, ƙirƙirar tsarin famfo na insulin rufaffiyar maɗaukakiyar ƙwarewa ce mai ƙarfi a gare shi. "Yana da kyau a ci gaba da sarrafa metabolism ɗin ku tare da lambar JS fiye da ku ƙare a asibiti," in ji shi.

source: www.habr.com