Ni, kamar sauran masu amfani da MacBook Pro, na fuskanci matsalar rashin isasshen ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ciki. Don zama madaidaici, rMBP da nake amfani da shi yau da kullun yana sanye da SSD mai ƙarfin 256GB kawai, wanda, a zahiri, bai isa ba na dogon lokaci.
Kuma lokacin da, a kan komai, na fara yin rikodin bidiyo a lokacin jiragen sama, lamarin ya kara tsananta. Adadin faifan bidiyon da aka yi fim bayan irin waɗannan jiragen ya kai 50+ GB, kuma matalauta 256GB SSD na ya cika ba da daɗewa ba, ya tilasta ni in sayi injin 1TB na waje. Duk da haka, bayan shekara guda, ba zai iya ƙara yawan adadin bayanan da nake samarwa ba, ba tare da ambaton rashin sakewa da kuma ajiyar kuɗi ba ya sa ya dace da tattara mahimman bayanai.
Don haka, a wani lokaci na yanke shawarar gina babban NAS a cikin bege cewa wannan tsarin zai šauki akalla shekaru biyu ba tare da buƙatar wani haɓaka ba.
Na rubuta wannan labarin da farko don tunatar da ainihin abin da na yi da kuma yadda na yi shi idan har ina buƙatar sake yin ta. Ina fatan zai kasance da amfani a gare ku kuma idan kun yanke shawarar yin hakan.
Wataƙila yana da sauƙin saya?
Don haka, mun san abin da muke so mu samu, tambayar ta kasance: ta yaya?
Na fara duba hanyoyin kasuwanci kuma na duba musamman a Synology, wanda ya kamata ya samar da mafi kyawun tsarin NAS na mabukaci akan kasuwa. Koyaya, farashin wannan sabis ɗin ya zama mai girma sosai. Mafi arha tsarin 4-bay yana biyan $300+ kuma baya haɗa da rumbun kwamfyuta. Bugu da ƙari, cikawar ciki na irin wannan kit ɗin kanta ba ta da ban sha'awa musamman, wanda ke yin tambaya game da ainihin aikinsa.
Sai na yi tunani: me yasa ba zan gina uwar garken NAS da kaina ba?
Nemo uwar garken da ta dace
Idan za ku haɗa irin wannan uwar garken, to da farko kuna buƙatar nemo kayan aikin da ya dace. Ya kamata uwar garken da aka yi amfani da shi ya dace da wannan ginin, tunda ba za mu buƙaci aiki da yawa don ayyukan ajiya ba. Daga cikin abubuwan da ake buƙata, ya kamata mu lura da babban adadin RAM, masu haɗin SATA da yawa da katunan cibiyar sadarwa mai kyau. Tun da uwar garken nawa zai yi aiki a wurin zama na dindindin, matakin amo kuma yana da mahimmanci.
Na fara bincike na akan eBay. Kodayake na sami Dell PowerEdge R410/R210 da aka yi amfani da su da yawa a can ƙasa da $100, da samun gogewa wajen aiki a ɗakin uwar garke, na san cewa waɗannan rukunin 1U sun yi hayaniya da yawa kuma ba su dace da amfani da gida ba. A matsayinka na mai mulki, sabobin hasumiya sau da yawa ba su da hayaniya, amma, rashin alheri, akwai kaɗan daga cikinsu akan eBay, kuma duk suna da tsada ko rashin ƙarfi.
Wuri na gaba da zan duba shine Craiglist, inda na sami wani yana siyar da HP ProLiant N40L da aka yi amfani da shi akan $75 kawai! Na saba da waɗannan sabobin, wanda yawanci farashin kusan $ 300 ko da ana amfani dashi, don haka na aika imel da mai siyarwa da fatan cewa tallan yana aiki har yanzu. Bayan da na koyi cewa haka lamarin yake, ni, ba tare da tunani sau biyu ba, na nufi San Mateo don ɗaukar wannan uwar garken, wanda da farko dai ya faranta min rai. Yana da ƙarancin lalacewa kuma banda ɗan ƙura, komai yana da kyau.
Hoton uwar garken, nan da nan bayan sayan
Anan ga ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin da na saya:
- CPUAMD Turion (tm) II Neo N40L Dual-Core Processor (64-bit)
- RAM: 8 GB RAM maras ECC (wanda mai shi na baya ya shigar)
- Flash: 4GB na USB Drive
- SATA Connectorsku: 4+1
- KOME: 1 Gbps akan jirgin NIC
Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, duk da kasancewar shekaru da yawa, ƙayyadaddun wannan uwar garken har yanzu ya fi yawancin zaɓuɓɓukan NAS akan kasuwa, musamman dangane da RAM. Bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan, har ma na haɓaka zuwa 16 GB ECC tare da haɓaka girman buffer da ƙarin kariyar bayanai.
Zabar rumbun kwamfyuta
Yanzu muna da kyakkyawan tsarin aiki kuma abin da ya rage shi ne zaɓin rumbun kwamfyuta don shi. Babu shakka, don wannan $75 kawai na sami uwar garken kanta ba tare da HDD ba, wanda bai ba ni mamaki ba.
Bayan yin ɗan bincike kaɗan, na gano cewa WD Red HDDs sun fi dacewa don gudanar da tsarin NAS 24/7. Don siyan su, na juya zuwa Amazon, inda na sayi kwafin 4 na TB 3 kowanne. Ainihin, zaku iya haɗa kowane HDD da kuka fi so, amma ku tabbata suna da ƙarfi iri ɗaya da gudu. Wannan zai taimake ka ka guje wa yiwuwar matsalolin aikin RAID a cikin dogon lokaci.
Saita Tsarin
Ina tsammanin mutane da yawa za su yi amfani da tsarin don gina NAS , kuma babu laifi a cikin hakan. Koyaya, duk da yuwuwar shigar da wannan tsarin akan sabar na, na fi son amfani da CentOS, tunda an fara shirya ZFS akan tsarin Linux don yanayin samarwa, kuma gabaɗaya, sarrafa uwar garken Linux ya fi sani da ni. Bayan haka, ba ni da sha'awar ƙirar keɓaɓɓiyar keɓancewa da fasalulluka waɗanda FreeNAS ke bayarwa - tsararrun RAIDZ da rabawa na AFP sun ishe ni.
Shigar da CentOS akan USB abu ne mai sauƙi - kawai saka USB azaman tushen taya, kuma da ƙaddamar da maye na shigarwa zai jagorance ku ta duk matakan sa.
Gina RAID
Bayan shigar da CentOS cikin nasara, na kuma shigar da ZFS akan Linux bin abubuwan da aka lissafa .
Da zarar wannan tsari ya cika, na loda tsarin ZFS Kernel:
$ sudo modprobe zfs
Kuma ƙirƙirar tsararrun RAIDZ1 ta amfani da umarnin zpool:
$ sudo zpool create data raidz1 ata-WDC_WD30EFRX-68AX9N0_WD-WMC1T0609145 ata-WDC_WD30EFRX-68AX9N0_WD-WMC1T0609146 ata-WDC_WD30EFRX-68AX9N0_WD-WMC1T0609147 ata-WDC_WD30EFRX-68AX9N0_WD-WMC1T0609148
$ sudo zpool add data log ata-SanDisk_Ultra_II_240GB_174204A06001-part5
$ sudo zpool add data cache ata-SanDisk_Ultra_II_240GB_174204A06001-part6
Lura cewa a nan ina amfani da ID na rumbun kwamfutarka maimakon sunayen nunin su (sdx) don rage damar da za su kasa hawa bayan taya saboda canjin wasiƙa.
Na kuma ƙara cache ZIL da L2ARC suna gudana akan wani SSD daban, na raba wannan SSD zuwa kashi biyu: 5GB don ZIL da sauran don L2ARC.
Amma ga RAIDZ1, yana iya jure gazawar faifai 1. Mutane da yawa suna jayayya cewa wannan zaɓi na tafkin bai kamata a yi amfani da shi ba saboda yuwuwar faifan diski na biyu ya gaza yayin aikin sake gina RAID, wanda zai haifar da asarar bayanai. Na yi watsi da wannan shawarar, tun da na kan yi kwafi na mahimman bayanai akai-akai akan na'ura mai nisa, kuma gazawar ko da duka tsararrun na iya shafar samuwar bayanan ne kawai, amma ba amincin sa ba. Idan ba ku da ikon yin madadin, to zai fi kyau a yi amfani da mafita kamar RAIDZ2 ko RAID10.
Kuna iya tabbatar da cewa ƙirƙirar tafkin ya yi nasara ta hanyar gudu:
$ sudo zpool statusи
$ sudo zfs list
NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT
data 510G 7.16T 140K /mnt/data
Ta hanyar tsoho, ZFS tana hawa sabon tafkin da aka ƙirƙira kai tsaye zuwa /, wanda gabaɗaya baya so. Kuna iya canza wannan ta hanyar gudu:
zfs set mountpoint=/mnt/data dataDaga nan za ku iya zaɓar ƙirƙirar ɗaya ko fiye da saitin bayanai don adana bayanan. Na ƙirƙiri biyu, ɗaya don madadin Injin Time da ɗaya don ajiyar fayil ɗin da aka raba. Na iyakance girman bayanan na'urar Time Machine zuwa adadin 512 GB don hana ci gabanta mara iyaka.
Gyarawa
zfs set compression=on dataWannan umarnin yana ba da damar tallafin matsawa na ZFS. Matsi yana amfani da ƙaramin ƙarfin CPU, amma yana iya inganta haɓakar I/O sosai, don haka koyaushe ana ba da shawarar.
zfs set relatime=on data
Tare da wannan umarnin muna rage adadin sabuntawa zuwa atimedon rage tsarar IOPS lokacin samun damar fayiloli.
Ta hanyar tsoho, ZFS akan Linux yana amfani da 50% na ƙwaƙwalwar jiki don ARC. A cikin yanayina, lokacin da jimlar adadin fayiloli ƙanana ne, ana iya ƙara wannan cikin aminci zuwa 90% tunda babu wasu aikace-aikacen da za su gudana akan sabar.
$ cat /etc/modprobe.d/zfs.conf
options zfs zfs_arc_max=14378074112Sannan amfani Kuna iya tabbatar da cewa canje-canjen sun yi tasiri:
$ python arc_summary.py
...
ARC Size: 100.05% 11.55 GiB
Target Size: (Adaptive) 100.00% 11.54 GiB
Min Size (Hard Limit): 0.27% 32.00 MiB
Max Size (High Water): 369:1 11.54 GiB
...Saita ayyuka masu maimaitawa
na yi amfani don saita masu ƙidayar lokaci don yin tsaftacewa sau ɗaya a mako kuma don ƙirƙirar hotuna ta atomatik kowane minti 15, awa 1 da rana 1.
Ana shigar da Netatalk
shine bude tushen aiwatar da AFP (). Masu bi S, A zahiri na karɓi fakitin RPM da aka haɗa da shigar a cikin 'yan mintuna kaɗan.
Saitin saitin
$ cat /etc/netatalk/afp.conf
[datong@Titan ~]$ cat /etc/netatalk/afp.conf
;
; Netatalk 3.x configuration file
;
[Global]
; Global server settings
mimic model = TimeCapsule6,106
; [Homes]
; basedir regex = /home
; [My AFP Volume]
; path = /path/to/volume
; [My Time Machine Volume]
; path = /path/to/backup
; time machine = yes
[Datong's Files]
path = /mnt/data/datong
valid users = datong
[Datong's Time Machine Backups]
path = /mnt/data/datong_time_machine_backups
time machine = yes
valid users = datong
lura da cewa vol dbnest babban ci gaba ne a cikin shari'ata, tunda ta tsohuwa Netatalk yana rubuta bayanan CNID zuwa tushen tsarin fayil ɗin, wanda ko kaɗan bai dace ba tunda babban tsarin fayil na yana gudana akan USB don haka yana da ɗan jinkiri. Kunnawa vol dbnest yana haifar da adana bayanai a cikin Tushen Volume, wanda a wannan yanayin na cikin tafkin ZFS ne kuma ya riga ya zama tsari na girma mafi inganci.
Kunna tashoshin jiragen ruwa a cikin Firewall
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=mdns
$ sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=afpovertcp/tcp
sudo Firewall-cmd --permanent --zone = jama'a --add-port=afpovertcp/tcp
Idan an saita komai daidai, yakamata injin ku ya bayyana a cikin Mai Nema, kuma Injin Lokaci shima yakamata yayi aiki.
Ƙarin saituna
SMART saka idanu
Ana ba da shawarar saka idanu akan matsayin diski don hana gazawar faifai.
$ sudo yum install smartmontools
$ sudo systemctl start smartdDaemon don UPS
Yana lura da cajin UPS na APC kuma yana kashe tsarin lokacin da cajin ya yi ƙasa sosai.
$ sudo yum install epel-release
$ sudo yum install apcupsd
$ sudo systemctl enable apcupsdHaɓaka kayan aikin
Mako guda bayan kafa tsarin, na fara ƙara damuwa game da ƙwaƙwalwar ECC ba ta uwar garken. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin yanayin ZFS, ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don buffering zai zama da amfani sosai. Don haka na koma Amazon inda na sayi 2x Kingston DDR3 8GB ECC RAM akan $80 kowanne kuma na maye gurbin RAM ɗin tebur wanda mai shi na baya ya shigar. Tsarin ya fara farawa da farko ba tare da wata matsala ba, kuma na tabbatar da cewa an kunna tallafin ECC:
$ dmesg | grep ECC
[ 10.492367] EDAC amd64: DRAM ECC enabled.sakamakon
Na ji dadin sakamakon. Yanzu zan iya ci gaba da kiyaye haɗin LAN na uwar garken 1Gbps ta hanyar kwafin fayiloli, kuma Time Machine yana aiki mara kyau. Don haka, gabaɗaya, na yi farin ciki da saitin.
Jimlar farashin:
- 1 * HP ProLiant N40L = $75
- 2 * 8 GB ECC RAM = $ 174
- 4 * WD Red 3 TB HDD = $440
Jimlar = $ 689
Yanzu zan iya cewa farashin ya cancanci.
Kuna yin sabar NAS na ku?
source: www.habr.com