Assalamu alaikum, masu karatun Habr. Muna so mu raba labari mai daɗi sosai. A ƙarshe mun jira ainihin serial samar da sabon ƙarni na Rasha Elbrus 8C sarrafawa. A hukumance, ya kamata a fara samar da serial a cikin 2016, amma, a zahiri, yawan samarwa ya fara ne kawai a cikin 2019 kuma a halin yanzu an riga an samar da na'urori kusan 4000.
Kusan nan da nan bayan fara samar da taro, waɗannan na'urori sun bayyana a cikin Aerodisk ɗinmu, wanda muna so mu gode wa kamfanin NORSI-TRANS, wanda ya samar mana da dandamalin kayan masarufi na Yakhont UVM, wanda ke goyan bayan na'urori masu sarrafawa na Elbrus 8C, don tashar jiragen ruwa. ɓangaren software na tsarin ajiya. Wannan dandamali ne na zamani na duniya wanda ya cika duk buƙatun MCST. A halin yanzu, masu amfani na musamman da masu amfani da wayar suna amfani da dandamali don tabbatar da aiwatar da ayyukan da aka kafa yayin ayyukan bincike na aiki.
A halin yanzu, an kammala aikin jigilar kaya cikin nasara, kuma an riga an sami tsarin ajiya na AERODISK a cikin sigar tare da na'urori na gida na Elbrus.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu yi magana game da masu sarrafawa da kansu, tarihin su, gine-gine da kuma, ba shakka, game da aiwatar da tsarin ajiya akan Elbrus.
История
Tarihin masu sarrafa Elbrus ya samo asali ne tun zamanin Tarayyar Soviet. A cikin 1973, a Cibiyar Mahimman Makanikai da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta mai suna bayan. S.A. Lebedev (mai suna bayan Sergei Lebedev wanda a baya ya jagoranci ci gaban na farko Soviet kwamfuta MESM, kuma daga baya BESM) ya fara ci gaban multiprocessor kwamfuta tsarin da ake kira "Elbrus". Vsevolod Sergeevich Burtsev ya jagoranci ci gaban, kuma Boris Artashesovich Babayan, wanda shine daya daga cikin mataimakan masu zane-zane, ya shiga cikin ci gaba.
Vsevolod Sergeevich Burtsev
Boris Artashesovich Babayan
Babban abokin ciniki na aikin shine, ba shakka, sojojin Tarayyar Soviet, kuma wannan jerin kwamfutoci daga ƙarshe an sami nasarar yin amfani da su wajen ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin sarrafa kwamfuta da tsarin harba makami mai linzami da tsarin tsaro na makami mai linzami, da sauran tsarin manufa na musamman. .
An kammala kwamfutar Elbrus ta farko a cikin 1978. Yana da tsarin gine-gine na zamani kuma yana iya haɗawa daga na'urori masu sarrafawa 1 zuwa 10 bisa matsakaicin da'irar haɗin kai. Gudun wannan na'ura ya kai ayyuka miliyan 15 a cikin dakika guda. Adadin RAM, wanda ya kasance gama gari ga duk na'urori masu sarrafawa 10, ya kai 2 zuwa ƙarfin 20 na kalmomin inji ko 64 MB.
Daga baya ya bayyana cewa yawancin fasahohin da aka yi amfani da su wajen bunkasa Elbrus ana binciken su a duk duniya a lokaci guda, kuma na'urar Kasuwanci ta Duniya (IBM) ce ke sarrafa su, amma suna aiki akan waɗannan ayyukan, sabanin aikin Elbrus. , ba a taɓa kammalawa ba kuma ba a ƙarshe ya kai ga ƙirƙirar samfurin da aka gama ba.
A cewar Vsevolod Burtsev, injiniyoyin Soviet sun yi ƙoƙari su yi amfani da ƙwarewar da suka fi dacewa na masu ci gaba na gida da na waje. Har ila yau, kwamfutocin Burroughs, Hewlett-Packard, da gogewar BESM-6 sun rinjayi tsarin gine-ginen kwamfutocin Elbrus.
Amma a lokaci guda, yawancin abubuwan da suka faru sun kasance na asali. Abu mafi ban sha'awa game da Elbrus-1 shine gine-ginensa.
Ƙirƙirar supercomputer ya zama kwamfuta ta farko a cikin USSR da ke amfani da gine-gine na superscalar. Yaɗuwar amfani da manyan na'urori masu sarrafawa a ƙasashen waje ya fara ne kawai a cikin 90s na ƙarni na ƙarshe tare da zuwan na'urori masu sarrafa Intel Pentium masu araha a kasuwa.
Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da na'urori na musamman na shigarwa/fitarwa don tsara yadda ake canja wurin magudanar bayanai tsakanin na'urorin da ke kewaye da RAM a cikin kwamfutar. Za a iya samun irin waɗannan na'urori masu sarrafawa har guda huɗu a cikin tsarin; sun yi aiki daidai da na'ura mai sarrafawa ta tsakiya kuma suna da nasu ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Elbrus-2
A cikin 1985, Elbrus ya sami ci gaba mai ma'ana; An ƙirƙiri kwamfutar Elbrus-2 kuma an aika da shi zuwa samarwa da yawa. A cikin gine-gine, bai bambanta da wanda ya gabace shi ba, amma ya yi amfani da sabon tushe, wanda ya ba da damar haɓaka aikin gabaɗaya kusan sau 10 - daga ayyuka miliyan 15 a cikin daƙiƙa guda zuwa miliyan 125. Ƙarfin RAM na kwamfutar ya karu zuwa miliyan 16 72. -bit kalmomi ko 144 MB. Matsakaicin kayan aiki na tashoshin Elbrus-2 I/O shine 120 MB/s.
An yi amfani da "Elbrus-2" sosai a cibiyoyin bincike na nukiliya a Chelyabinsk-70 da Arzamas-16 a cikin MCC, a cikin tsarin kariya na makami mai linzami A-135, da kuma sauran wuraren soja.
Halittar Elbrus ya sami godiya ga shugabannin Tarayyar Soviet. An ba injiniyoyi da yawa oda da lambobin yabo. Janar zanen Vsevolod Burtsev da dama sauran kwararru samu jihar kyaututtuka. Kuma Boris Babayan an ba shi lambar yabo ta juyin juya halin Oktoba.
Waɗannan lambobin yabo sun fi cancanta, Boris Babayan daga baya ya ce:
"A cikin 1978, mun yi na'ura mai mahimmanci na farko, Elbrus-1. Yanzu a Yamma suna yin manyan manyan gine-ginen wannan gine-gine. Na farko superscalar ya bayyana a Yamma a 92, namu a 78. Haka kuma, sigar superscalar da muka yi yayi kama da Pentium Pro wanda Intel ya yi a 95.
An tabbatar da waɗannan kalmomi game da fifikon tarihi a cikin Amurka, Keith Diefendorff, mai haɓaka Motorola 88110, ɗaya daga cikin na'urori na farko na Yammacin Turai, ya rubuta:
"A cikin 1978, kusan shekaru 15 kafin farkon na'urori masu sarrafawa na Yammacin Yammacin Turai ya bayyana, Elbrus-1 ya yi amfani da na'ura mai sarrafawa wanda ke ba da umarni biyu a kowace agogo, ya canza tsarin aiwatar da umarni, sake suna rajista kuma an aiwatar da shi ta hanyar zato."
Elbrus-3
Ya kasance 1986, kuma kusan nan da nan bayan kammala aikin a kan Elbrus na biyu, ITMiVT ya fara haɓaka sabon tsarin Elbrus-3, ta amfani da sabon tsarin gine-gine na asali. Boris Babayan ya kira wannan hanyar "bayan-superscalar." Wannan gine-ginen, wanda daga baya ake kira VLIW/EPIC, a nan gaba (a tsakiyar 90s) na'urorin sarrafa Intel Itanium suka fara amfani da su (kuma a cikin USSR waɗannan abubuwan sun fara a 1986 kuma sun ƙare a 1991).
Wannan hadadden na'ura mai kwakwalwa ita ce ta farko da ta fara aiwatar da ra'ayoyin sarrafa daidaiton ayyuka a sarari ta hanyar amfani da na'ura.
A shekarar 1991, na farko da kuma, da rashin alheri, kawai kwamfuta "Elbrus-3" aka saki, wanda ba za a iya cikakken gyara, da kuma bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet babu wanda ya bukata, da kuma ci gaban da tsare-tsaren zauna a kan takarda.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don sabon gine-gine
Ƙungiyar da ta yi aiki a ITMiVT a kan halittar Soviet supercomputers ba ta wargaje ba, amma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin kamfani daban a ƙarƙashin sunan MCST (Cibiyar Moscow ta SPARK Technologies). Kuma a farkon 90s, aiki hadin gwiwa tsakanin MCST da Sun Microsystems ya fara, inda MCST tawagar dauki bangare a cikin ci gaban da UltraSPARC microprocessor.
A cikin wannan lokacin ne aikin gine-ginen E2K ya fito, wanda Sun fara ba da tallafi. Daga baya, aikin ya zama mai zaman kansa gabaɗaya kuma duk abin da ke cikinsa ya kasance tare da ƙungiyar MCST.
“Da a ce mun ci gaba da aiki da Sun a wannan yanki, da komai na Sun ne. Ko da yake kashi 90% na aikin an yi shi ne kafin Rana ta zo. " (Boris Babayan)
Farashin E2K
Lokacin da muka tattauna tsarin gine-gine na masu sarrafa Elbrus, sau da yawa muna jin maganganun masu zuwa daga abokan aikinmu a masana'antar IT:
"Elbrus gine-ginen RISC ne"
"Elbrus shine gine-ginen EPIC"
"Elbrus gine-ginen SPARC ne"
A haƙiƙa, babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan maganganun da ke da cikakkiyar gaskiya, kuma idan sun kasance gaskiya ne kawai.
Gine-ginen E2K keɓantaccen tsarin gine-ginen na'ura na asali; Babban halayen E2K shine ƙarfin kuzari da ingantaccen haɓakawa, ana samun su ta hanyar ƙayyadaddun daidaiton ayyuka. Ƙungiyar MCST ce ta haɓaka ginin E2K kuma ya dogara ne akan tsarin gine-gine na baya-bayan nan (a la EPIC) tare da wasu tasiri daga gine-ginen SPARC (tare da RISC baya). A lokaci guda, MCST yana da hannu kai tsaye a cikin ƙirƙirar uku daga cikin manyan gine-ginen gine-ginen (Superscalars, post-superscalars da SPARC). Lallai duniya karama ce.
Don kauce wa rudani a nan gaba, mun zana zane mai sauƙi wanda, ko da yake an sauƙaƙa, yana nuna a fili tushen ginin E2K.
Yanzu kadan game da sunan gine-gine, game da wanda kuma akwai rashin fahimta.
A cikin maɓuɓɓuka daban-daban za ku iya samun sunaye masu zuwa na wannan gine-gine: "E2K", "Elbrus", "Elbrus 2000", ELBRUS ("ExpLicit Basic Resources Utilisation Scheduling", watau bayyanannun tsare-tsare na amfani da albarkatun asali). Duk waɗannan sunaye suna magana game da abu ɗaya - game da gine-gine, amma a cikin takaddun fasaha na hukuma, da kuma a kan dandalin fasaha, ana amfani da sunan E2K don nuna gine-gine, don haka a nan gaba, idan muka yi magana game da gine-ginen processor, muna amfani da su. kalmar "E2K", kuma idan game da takamaiman processor, muna amfani da sunan "Elbrus".
Fasalolin fasaha na gine-ginen E2K
A cikin gine-ginen gargajiya kamar RISC ko CISC (x86, PowerPC, SPARC, MIPS, ARM), shigarwar mai sarrafawa yana karɓar rafi na umarni waɗanda aka ƙera don aiwatar da jeri. Mai sarrafa na'ura na iya gano ayyukan masu zaman kansu kuma yana gudanar da su a layi daya (superscalarity) har ma da canza odar su (kisa ba tare da izini ba). Koyaya, ƙididdigar dogaro mai ƙarfi da goyan bayan aiwatarwa ba tare da tsari ba suna da iyakokin su a cikin adadin umarni da aka ƙaddamar da tantancewa a kowane zagaye na agogo. Bugu da kari, madaidaitan tubalan da ke cikin na'ura mai sarrafa na'ura suna cinye adadin kuzari da ake iya gani, kuma hadadden aiwatar da su wani lokaci yana haifar da kwanciyar hankali ko matsalolin tsaro.
A cikin gine-ginen E2K, babban aikin nazarin abubuwan dogaro da inganta tsarin ayyuka ana ɗauka ta mai tarawa. Mai sarrafawa yana karɓar abin da ake kira shigarwa. faffadan umarni, kowanne daga cikinsu yana ɓoye umarnin don duk raka'o'in aiwatar da aikin sarrafawa waɗanda dole ne a ƙaddamar da zagayowar agogon da aka bayar. Ba a buƙatar na'ura mai sarrafawa don nazarin abubuwan dogaro tsakanin operands ko sake tsara ayyuka tsakanin faffadan umarni: mai tarawa yana yin duk wannan bisa la'akari da ƙididdigar lambar tushe da tsara kayan aikin sarrafawa. Sakamakon haka, kayan masarufi na masarrafa na iya zama mafi sauƙi kuma mafi tsada.
Mai tarawa yana da ikon yin nazarin lambar tushe sosai fiye da na'urar sarrafa kayan aikin RISC/CISC da samun ƙarin ayyuka masu zaman kansu. Don haka, tsarin gine-ginen E2K yana da raka'o'in kisa masu kama da juna fiye da gine-ginen gargajiya.
Ƙarfin fasahar E2K na yanzu:
- Tashoshi 6 na sassan ilimin lissafi (ALU) suna aiki a layi daya.
- Yi rijistar rajista na 256 84-bit rajista.
- Tallafin kayan aiki don madaukai, gami da waɗanda ke da bututun mai. Yana ƙãra ingancin amfani da albarkatun sarrafawa.
- Na'urar riga-kafi da bayanan da aka shirya tare da tashoshin karantawa daban. Yana ba ku damar ɓoye jinkiri daga samun damar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da yin cikakken amfani da ALU.
- Taimako don ƙididdige ƙididdiga da tsinkaya guda-bit. Yana ba ku damar rage adadin canji da aiwatar da rassan shirye-shirye da yawa a layi daya.
- Umurni mai faɗi, mai ikon ƙididdige ayyuka har zuwa 23 a cikin zagayowar agogo ɗaya (fiye da ayyuka 33 lokacin tattara kayan aikin operands cikin umarnin vector).
x86 koyi
Ko da a matakin ƙirar gine-gine, masu haɓaka sun fahimci mahimmancin tallafawa software da aka rubuta don gine-ginen Intel x86. Don wannan dalili, an aiwatar da tsarin aiki mai ƙarfi (watau, yayin aiwatar da shirin, ko “a kan tashi”) fassarar lambobin binary x86 zuwa lambobin sarrafa kayan gini na E2K. Wannan tsarin zai iya aiki duka a cikin yanayin aikace-aikacen (a cikin hanyar WINE) kuma a cikin yanayin kama da hypervisor (sannan yana yiwuwa a gudanar da OS baki ɗaya don gine-ginen x86).
Godiya ga matakan ingantawa da yawa, yana yiwuwa a cimma babban saurin lambar da aka fassara. An tabbatar da ingancin kwaikwayon gine-ginen x86 ta hanyar nasarar ƙaddamar da tsarin aiki sama da 20 (ciki har da nau'ikan Windows da yawa) da ɗaruruwan aikace-aikace akan tsarin kwamfuta na Elbrus.
Yanayin aiwatar da shirin kariya
Ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa ra'ayoyin da aka gada daga gine-ginen Elbrus-1 da Elbrus-2 shine abin da ake kira amintacce shirin kisa. Mahimmancinsa shine tabbatar da cewa shirin yana aiki ne kawai tare da bayanan da aka fara, duba duk abubuwan da ake amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya don tabbatar da cewa suna cikin kewayon adireshi mai inganci, da samar da kariya ta hanyar sadarwa (misali, kare shirin kira daga kurakurai a cikin ɗakin karatu). Duk waɗannan cak ɗin ana yin su a cikin kayan aiki. Don yanayin kariya akwai cikakken mai tarawa da ɗakin karatu na tallafi na lokacin aiki. Ya kamata a fahimci cewa takunkumin da aka sanya yana haifar da rashin yiwuwar shirya aiwatar da aikin, misali, lambar da aka rubuta a C ++.
Ko da a cikin al'ada, "marasa kariya" yanayin aiki na masu sarrafawa na Elbrus, akwai siffofin da ke ƙara yawan amincin tsarin. Don haka, tarin bayanan haɗin yanar gizo (sarkar adiresoshin dawowa don kiran tsari) ya rabu da tarin bayanan mai amfani kuma ba shi da isa ga hare-hare kamar dawo da adiresoshin da ake amfani da su a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ci gaban da aka ƙirƙira a cikin shekaru yana ba da damar ba kawai don kamawa ba kuma a nan gaba ya zarce gine-ginen gasa ta fuskar aiki da haɓakawa, har ma don ba da kariya daga kurakuran da ke damun x86/amd64. Alamomi kamar Meltdown (CVE-2017-5754), Specter (CVE-2017-5753, CVE-2017-5715), RIDL (CVE-2018-12126, CVE-2018-12130), Fallout (CVE-2018),-12127 ZombieLoad (CVE-2019-11091) da makamantansu.
Kariyar zamani daga raunin da aka samu a cikin gine-ginen x86/amd64 ya dogara ne akan faci a matakin tsarin aiki. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa raguwar wasan kwaikwayon akan na'urori na yanzu da na baya na na'urori na waɗannan gine-ginen yana da sananne sosai kuma ya tashi daga 30% zuwa 80%. Mu, a matsayin masu amfani da na'urori masu sarrafa x86, mun san game da wannan, muna shan wahala kuma muna ci gaba da "cin abincin cactus," amma samun mafita ga waɗannan matsalolin a tushen wani amfani ne a gare mu (kuma a ƙarshe ga abokan cinikinmu), musamman idan mafita ita ce Rashanci.
Технические характеристики
A ƙasa akwai halayen fasaha na hukuma na na'urori masu sarrafawa na Elbrus na baya (4C), na yanzu (8C), sabbin (8SV) da na gaba (16C) na gaba idan aka kwatanta da na'urori masu sarrafa Intel x86 iri ɗaya.
Ko da kallo mai sauri a wannan tebur yana nuna (kuma wannan yana da daɗi) cewa gibin fasaha na masu sarrafawa na cikin gida, wanda shekaru 10 da suka gabata ya zama kamar ba zai iya jurewa ba, yanzu yana da ƙaramin ƙarami, kuma a cikin 2021 tare da ƙaddamar da Elbrus-16S (wanda, a tsakanin sauran) abubuwa, za su goyi bayan haɓakawa) za a rage su zuwa ƙananan nisa.
Tsarin ajiya na AERODISK akan na'urori masu sarrafawa na Elbrus 8C
Muna matsawa daga ka'idar zuwa aiki. A matsayin wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwar dabarun kamfanoni na MCST, Aerodisk, Basalt SPO (tsohon Alt Linux) da NORSI-TRANS, an tsara tsarin adana bayanai da kuma shirye-shiryen aiki, wanda a halin yanzu dangane da tsaro, ayyuka, farashi da aiki. shi ne, idan ba mafi kyau ba, to, a ra'ayinmu, babu shakka mafita ce mai dacewa wacce za ta iya tabbatar da matakin da ya dace na 'yancin kai na fasaha na kasarmu ta uwa.
Yanzu bayanan...
Kayan aiki
Ana aiwatar da kayan aikin ajiya bisa tushen tsarin Yakhont UVM na duniya daga NORSI-TRANS. Dandali na Yakhont UVM ya sami matsayin kayan aikin sadarwa na asalin Rasha kuma an haɗa shi a cikin rajista ɗaya na samfuran rediyo-lantarki na Rasha. Tsarin ya ƙunshi na'urori guda biyu daban-daban na ajiya (2U kowanne), waɗanda ke haɗa juna ta hanyar haɗin haɗin 1G ko 10G Ethernet, da kuma ɗakunan diski na gama gari ta amfani da haɗin SAS.
Tabbas, wannan ba shi da kyau kamar tsarin "Cluster a cikin akwati" (lokacin da ake shigar da masu sarrafawa da tuƙi tare da jirgin baya na gama gari a cikin chassis na 2U ɗaya), wanda yawanci muke amfani da shi, amma nan gaba kaɗan shima zai kasance. Babban abu a nan shi ne cewa yana aiki da kyau, kuma za mu yi tunani game da "bakuna" daga baya.
A ƙarƙashin murfin, kowane mai sarrafawa yana da motherboard mai sarrafawa guda ɗaya tare da ramummuka huɗu don RAM (DDR3 don processor na 8C). Har ila yau, a kan kowane mai sarrafawa akwai tashar jiragen ruwa na 4 1G Ethernet (biyu daga cikinsu ana amfani da su ta hanyar AERODISK ENGINE software a matsayin sabis) da kuma masu haɗin PCIe guda uku don Back-end (SAS) da Front-end (Ethernet ko FibreChannel).
Ana amfani da na'urorin SATA SSD na Rasha daga GS Nanotech azaman faifan taya, waɗanda muka gwada akai-akai kuma muka yi amfani da su a cikin ayyukan.
Sa’ad da muka fara sanin dandalin, mun bincika shi sosai. Ba mu da tambayoyi game da ingancin taro da sayar da kayayyaki, an yi komai a hankali kuma cikin aminci.
tsarin aiki
Sigar OS da aka yi amfani da ita ita ce Alt 8SP don takaddun shaida. Ba da daɗewa ba muna shirin ƙirƙiri plug-in da sabuntawa koyaushe don Viola OS tare da software na ajiya na Aerodisk.
An gina wannan juzu'in rarraba akan sigar kwanciyar hankali na yanzu na Linux kernel 4.9 don E2K (ƙwararrun MCST ne suka tura reshe tare da tallafi na dogon lokaci), wanda aka haɓaka tare da faci don aiki da tsaro. Duk fakitin da ke cikin Alt OS an tattara su kai tsaye akan Elbrus ta amfani da tsarin ma'amala na asali na aikin ALT Linux Team, wanda ya ba da damar rage farashin aiki don canja wurin kanta da kuma mai da hankali kan ingancin samfurin.
Duk wani sakin Alt OS na Elbrus za a iya faɗaɗawa sosai dangane da ayyuka ta amfani da ma'ajin da ake da shi (daga kusan fakitin tushe dubu 6 don sigar takwas zuwa kusan 12 na tara).
An kuma yi zaɓin ne saboda kamfanin Basalt SPO, mai haɓaka Viola OS, yana aiki da gaske tare da sauran software da masu haɓaka na'urori akan dandamali daban-daban, yana tabbatar da mu'amala mara kyau a cikin kayan masarufi da tsarin software.
Tsarin Ajiye Software
Lokacin yin jigilar kaya, nan da nan mun watsar da ra'ayin yin amfani da kwaikwayo x2 da aka goyan bayan E86K, kuma muka fara aiki tare da masu sarrafawa kai tsaye (an yi sa'a, Alt ya riga ya sami kayan aikin da suka dace don wannan).
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, yanayin kisa na asali yana samar da tsaro mafi kyau (waɗannan kayan aikin guda uku maimakon ɗaya) da haɓaka aiki (babu buƙatar ware guda ɗaya ko biyu daga cikin takwas don gudanar da fassarar binary, kuma mai tarawa yana yin aikinsa mafi kyau. fiye da JIT).
A zahiri, aiwatar da AERODISK ENGINE akan E2K yana goyan bayan mafi yawan ayyukan ajiyar da ke akwai a cikin x86. Software na tsarin ajiya yana amfani da nau'in AERODISK ENGINE na yanzu (A-CORE sigar 2.30)
Ba tare da wata matsala ba, an shigar da waɗannan ayyuka akan E2K kuma an gwada su don amfani a samarwa:
- Haƙurin kuskure don har zuwa masu sarrafawa guda biyu da I/O (mpio) da yawa
- Toshewa da samun damar fayil tare da ƙananan ƙananan (RDG, DDP pools; FC, iSCSI, NFS, ka'idojin SMB gami da haɗin kai tare da Active Directory)
- Matakan RAID daban-daban har zuwa ninki uku (ciki har da ikon yin amfani da magini na RAID)
- Ma'ajiyar Haɓaka (haɗa SSD da HDD a cikin tafki ɗaya, watau cache da tiering)
- Zaɓuɓɓuka don adana sarari ta amfani da cirewa da matsawa
- Hoton hoto na ROW, clones da zaɓuɓɓukan kwafi daban-daban
- Da sauran kananan abubuwa amma masu amfani kamar su QoS, hotspare na duniya, VLAN, BOND, da sauransu.
A zahiri, akan E2K mun sami nasarar samun duk ayyukanmu, ban da masu sarrafawa da yawa (fiye da biyu) da mai tsara I / O mai ɗimbin zaren, wanda ke ba mu damar haɓaka ayyukan wuraren tafki mai walƙiya da 20-30% .
Amma a zahiri za mu ƙara waɗannan ayyuka masu amfani kuma, al'amari ne na lokaci.
Kadan game da aiki
Bayan nasarar cin nasarar gwajin aikin asali na tsarin ajiya, mu, ba shakka, mun fara yin gwaje-gwajen kaya.
Misali, akan tsarin ajiya mai sarrafa dual-controller (2xCPU E8C 1.3 Ghz, 32 GB RAM + 4 SAS SSD 800GB 3DWD), wanda aka kashe cache RAM, mun ƙirƙiri wuraren tafkunan DDP guda biyu tare da babban matakin RAID-10 da 500G guda biyu. LUNs kuma sun haɗa waɗannan LUNs ta iSCSI (10G Ethernet) zuwa mai masaukin Linux. Kuma mun yi ɗaya daga cikin ainihin gwaje-gwaje na tsawon sa'o'i a kan ƙananan tubalan lodin jeri ta amfani da shirin FIO.
Sakamakon farko ya kasance tabbatacce.
Matsakaicin nauyin na'urori masu sarrafawa ya kasance akan 60%, watau. Wannan shine ainihin matakin da tsarin ajiya zai iya aiki lafiya.
Ee, wannan yayi nisa daga babban kaya kuma wani nau'in lissafin kuɗi bai isa a fili don DBMSs masu girma ba, amma, kamar yadda aikinmu ya nuna, waɗannan halayen sun isa ga 80% na ayyukan gama gari waɗanda ake amfani da tsarin ajiya.
Bayan ɗan lokaci muna shirin dawowa tare da cikakken rahoto kan gwajin lodi na Elbrus a matsayin dandamali don tsarin ajiya.
Hasken gaba
Kamar yadda muka rubuta a sama, yawan samar da Elbrus 8C ya fara ne kwanan nan - a farkon 2019, kuma a watan Disamba an riga an samar da na'urori masu sarrafawa kusan 4000. Don kwatantawa, kawai 4 na'urori masu sarrafawa na Elbrus 5000C da suka gabata an samar da su a duk tsawon lokacin samar da su, don haka ci gaba a bayyane yake.
A bayyane yake cewa wannan digo ne a cikin guga, har ma ga kasuwar Rasha, amma waɗanda ke tafiya a hanya za su iya shawo kan shi.
An shirya sakin dubunnan dubunnan na'urori na Elbrus 2020C don 8, kuma wannan ya riga ya zama adadi mai mahimmanci. Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin 2020, ƙungiyar MCST ya kamata a kawo na'ura mai sarrafa Elbrus-8SV zuwa yawan samarwa.
Irin waɗannan tsare-tsaren samarwa aikace-aikace ne don babban kaso na duk kasuwar sarrafa uwar garken gida.
A sakamakon haka, a nan da kuma yanzu muna da mai kyau da kuma na zamani Rasha processor tare da bayyananne kuma, a cikin ra'ayi, daidai dabarun ci gaba, a kan tushen da muke da mafi aminci da bokan da Rasha data yi da tsarin ajiya (kuma a cikin gaba, tsarin haɓakawa akan Elbrus-16C). Tsarin na Rasha ne har zuwa yadda zai yiwu ta jiki a karkashin yanayin zamani.
Sau da yawa muna gani a cikin labarai na baya-bayan nan na gazawar kamfanonin da ke alfahari da kiran kansu masana'antun Rasha, amma a zahiri suna tsunduma cikin sake mannewa, ba tare da ƙara wani darajar kansu ga samfuran masana'anta na waje ba, sai dai alamar su. Irin waɗannan kamfanoni, da rashin alheri, sun jefa inuwa a kan duk masu haɓakawa da masana'antun Rasha na gaske.
Tare da wannan labarin muna so mu nuna a fili cewa a cikin ƙasarmu akwai, akwai kuma za su kasance kamfanoni waɗanda a zahiri da ingantaccen tsarin samar da tsarin IT na zamani masu rikitarwa kuma suna haɓaka haɓakawa, da shigo da canji a cikin IT ba lalata ba ne, amma gaskiyar da muke ciki. duk suna rayuwa. Kuna iya ƙi wannan gaskiyar, kuna iya kushe shi, ko kuna iya aiki kuma ku inganta shi.
Rushewar Tarayyar Soviet a wani lokaci ya hana ƙungiyar masu kirkiro Elbrus zama fitaccen ɗan wasa a duniyar masu sarrafawa kuma ya tilasta ƙungiyar neman kuɗi don ci gaban su a ƙasashen waje. An same shi, an kammala aikin, an kuma kiyaye dukiyoyin hankali, wanda ina son in yi godiya ga waɗannan mutanen!
Shi ke nan a yanzu, da fatan za a rubuta sharhinku, tambayoyinku da kuma, ba shakka, suka. Kullum muna farin ciki.
Har ila yau, a madadin dukan kamfanin Aerodisk, Ina so in taya murna ga dukan Rasha IT al'umma a kan mai zuwa Sabuwar Shekara da Kirsimeti, fatan 100% uptime - da kuma cewa backups ba zai zama da amfani ga kowa a cikin sabuwar shekara))).
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su
Labari mai cikakken bayanin fasaha, gine-gine da halaye:
Takaitaccen tarihin kwamfutoci a ƙarƙashin sunan "Elbrus":
Babban labarin game da gine-ginen e2k:
Labarin yana game da ƙarni na 4 (Elbrus-8S) da ƙarni na 5 (Elbrus-8SV, 2020):
Ƙayyadaddun bayanai na ƙarni na 6 na gaba na masu sarrafawa (Elbrus-16SV, 2021):
Bayanin hukuma na gine-ginen Elbrus:
Shirye-shiryen masu haɓaka kayan aikin Elbrus da dandamali na software don ƙirƙirar supercomputer tare da ƙarancin aiki:
Fasahar Elbrus ta Rasha don kwamfutoci, sabar da manyan kwamfutoci:
Tsohon labarin Boris Babayan, amma har yanzu yana da dacewa:
Tsohon labari na Mikhail Kuzminsky:
Gabatarwar MCST, cikakken bayani:
Bayani game da Viola OS don dandalin Elbrus:
source: www.habr.com