Marubucin labarin shine Alexey Malanov, kwararre a sashen ci gaban fasahar rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a Kaspersky Lab.
Na sha jin ra'ayin cewa blockchain yana da kyau sosai, nasara ce, ita ce gaba. Ina gaggawar batar da ku idan kun yi imani da wannan kwatsam.
Bayyanawa: a cikin wannan sakon za mu yi magana game da aiwatar da fasahar blockchain da ake amfani da ita a cikin cryptocurrency na Bitcoin. Akwai wasu aikace-aikace da aiwatar da blockchain, wasu daga cikinsu suna magance wasu daga cikin gazawar blockchain "classic", amma gabaɗaya an gina su akan ka'idodi iri ɗaya.
Game da Bitcoin gabaɗaya
Ina la'akari da fasahar Bitcoin kanta a matsayin juyin juya hali. Abin takaici, ana amfani da Bitcoin sau da yawa don dalilai na laifi, kuma a matsayin ƙwararren tsaro na bayanai, ba na son shi kwata-kwata. Amma idan muka yi magana game da fasaha, to, ci gaba a bayyane yake.
Duk abubuwan da ke cikin ka'idar Bitcoin da ra'ayoyin da ke cikinta, gabaɗaya, an san su kafin 2009, amma marubutan Bitcoin ne suka gudanar da haɗa komai tare da sanya shi aiki a cikin 2009. Kusan kusan shekaru 9, an sami rauni mai mahimmanci guda ɗaya kawai a cikin aiwatarwa: maharin ya karɓi bitcoins biliyan 92 a cikin asusu ɗaya; gyaran da ake buƙata yana jujjuya duk tarihin kuɗi na rana ɗaya. Duk da haka, rauni ɗaya kawai a cikin irin wannan lokacin shine kyakkyawan sakamako, kashe hula.
Masu kirkiro na Bitcoin suna da kalubale: don sanya shi ko ta yaya aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa babu cibiyar kuma babu wanda ya amince da kowa. Mawallafa sun kammala aikin, kuɗin lantarki yana aiki. Amma shawarar da suka yanke ba su da tasiri sosai.
Bari in yi ajiyar wuri nan da nan cewa manufar wannan post ba shine don bata sunan blockchain ba. Wannan fasaha ce mai amfani wacce ke da kuma za ta sami aikace-aikace masu ban mamaki da yawa. Duk da rashin amfaninsa, yana kuma da fa'idodi na musamman. Duk da haka, a cikin neman abin burgewa da juyin juya hali, da yawa suna mai da hankali kan fa'idar fasaha kuma galibi suna mantawa da natsuwa ta tantance ainihin yanayin al'amura, suna yin watsi da rashin amfani. Saboda haka, ina ganin yana da amfani a duba rashin amfani ga canji.
Misalin littafin da marubucin yake da babban bege ga blockchain. Bugu da ari a cikin rubutun za a sami maganganu daga wannan littafin
Labari na 1: Blockchain babbar kwamfuta ce da ake rarrabawa
Quote #1: "Blockchain na iya zama reza na Occam, mafi inganci, kai tsaye da hanyoyin halitta don daidaita duk ayyukan ɗan adam da na'ura, daidai da sha'awar dabi'a don daidaitawa."
Idan baku nutsu ba , amma kawai jin sake dubawa game da wannan fasaha, za ku iya samun ra'ayi cewa blockchain wani nau'i ne na kwamfuta da aka rarraba wanda ke yin, daidai da haka, lissafin rarraba. Kamar, nodes a duk duniya suna tattara ragowa da guntu na wani abu.
Wannan ra'ayin ba daidai ba ne. A zahiri, duk nodes da ke hidimar blockchain suna yin daidai da abu ɗaya. Miliyoyin kwamfutoci:
- Suna duba ma'amala iri ɗaya ta amfani da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya. Suna yin aiki iri ɗaya.
- Suna yin rikodin abu iri ɗaya akan blockchain (idan sun yi sa'a kuma an ba su damar yin rikodin shi).
- Suna adana tarihin gaba ɗaya har abada, iri ɗaya, ɗaya ga kowa.
Babu daidaitawa, babu haɗin kai, babu taimakon juna. Kwafi kawai, kuma sau ɗaya miliyoyi. Za mu yi magana game da dalilin da yasa ake buƙatar wannan a ƙasa, amma kamar yadda kake gani, babu wani tasiri. Sabanin haka.
Labari na 2: Blockchain na har abada. Duk abin da aka rubuta a cikinsa zai dawwama har abada
Quote #2: "Tare da yaduwar aikace-aikacen da ba a raba su ba, kungiyoyi, kamfanoni da al'ummomi, yawancin sababbin nau'o'in halayen da ba a iya ganewa da kuma hadaddun halaye masu tunawa da basirar wucin gadi (AI) na iya fitowa."
Ee, hakika, kamar yadda muka gano, kowane cikakken abokin ciniki na cibiyar sadarwar yana adana tarihin duk ma'amaloli, kuma fiye da gigabytes 100 na bayanai sun riga sun tara. Wannan shine cikakken ƙarfin faifai na kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka mai arha ko mafi kyawun zamani. Kuma yawancin ma'amaloli suna faruwa akan hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin, da sauri girma girma. Yawancin su sun bayyana a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata.
Blockchain girma girma.
Kuma Bitcoin yana da sa'a - abokin hamayyarsa, cibiyar sadarwar Ethereum, ya riga ya tara gigabytes 200 a cikin blockchain a cikin shekaru biyu kawai bayan kaddamar da shi da watanni shida na amfani da aiki. Don haka a cikin abubuwan da ke faruwa a halin yanzu, dawwamar blockchain yana iyakance ga shekaru goma - haɓakar ƙarfin rumbun kwamfyuta tabbas baya tafiya tare da haɓakar ƙarar blockchain.
Amma ban da cewa dole ne a adana shi, kuma dole ne a sauke shi. Duk wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi amfani da cikakkiyar walat ɗin gida don kowane cryptocurrency ya yi mamakin gano cewa ba zai iya biya ko karɓar biyan kuɗi ba har sai an zazzage duka ƙayyadaddun ƙarar kuma an tabbatar da su. Za ku yi sa'a idan wannan tsari ya ɗauki kwanaki biyu kawai.
Kuna iya tambaya, shin ba zai yiwu a adana duk wannan ba, tunda abu ɗaya ne, akan kowane kullin hanyar sadarwa? Yana yiwuwa, amma a lokacin, da farko, ba zai ƙara zama blockchain na tsara-da-tsara ba, amma tsarin gine-ginen abokin ciniki-uwar garken gargajiya. Kuma na biyu, to, abokan ciniki za a tilasta su amince da sabobin. Wato, ra'ayin "ba amincewa da kowa ba," wanda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, an ƙirƙira blockchain, ya ɓace a cikin wannan yanayin.
Na dogon lokaci, masu amfani da Bitcoin sun kasu kashi-kashi masu goyon baya waɗanda "sun sha wahala" kuma suna zazzage komai, da kuma mutanen da ke amfani da walat ɗin kan layi, sun amince da uwar garke kuma waɗanda, a gaba ɗaya, ba su damu da yadda yake aiki a can ba.
Labari na 3: Blockchain yana da inganci kuma yana iya daidaitawa, kuɗi na yau da kullun zai mutu
Magana #3: "Haɗin fasahar blockchain + na sirri kwayoyin halitta" zai ba da damar duk tunanin ɗan adam a ɓoye kuma a samar dashi a cikin madaidaicin tsari. Ana iya ɗaukar bayanai ta hanyar bincikar ƙwayar cuta ta cerebral, EEG, mu'amalar kwakwalwar kwamfuta-kwakwalwa, nanorobots masu fahimi, da sauransu. Ana iya wakilta tunani a cikin nau'i na sarƙoƙi na tubalan, yin rikodi a cikin su kusan dukkanin abubuwan da mutum yake da shi kuma, watakila, har ma da nasa. sani. Da zarar an rubuta a kan blockchain, za a iya gudanar da abubuwa daban-daban na abubuwan tunawa da canja wurin su - alal misali, don dawo da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin yanayin cututtukan da ke tare da amnesia."
Idan kowane kullin hanyar sadarwa yana yin abu iri ɗaya, to, a bayyane yake cewa abubuwan da ke cikin hanyar sadarwar gabaɗaya daidai suke da abin da ke fitar da kumburin cibiyar sadarwa ɗaya. Kuma ka san ainihin abin da yake daidai da shi? Bitcoin na iya aiwatar da iyakar ma'amaloli 7 a sakan daya - ga kowa da kowa.
Bugu da ƙari, akan blockchain na Bitcoin, ana yin rikodin ma'amaloli sau ɗaya kawai kowane minti 10. Kuma bayan shigarwar ya bayyana, don zama lafiya, al'ada ce a jira wasu mintuna 50, saboda ana jujjuya abubuwan da aka shigar akai-akai. Yanzu tunanin cewa kuna buƙatar siyan cingam tare da bitcoins. Kawai tsaya a cikin kantin sayar da sa'a daya, yi tunani game da shi.
A cikin tsarin dukan duniya, wannan ya riga ya zama abin ban dariya, lokacin da wuya kowane mutum dubu a Duniya yana amfani da Bitcoin. Kuma a irin wannan saurin ma'amala, ba zai yiwu a ƙara yawan masu amfani da yawa ba. Don kwatantawa: Visa yana aiwatar da dubban ma'amaloli a sakan daya, kuma idan ya cancanta, yana iya haɓaka iya aiki cikin sauƙi, saboda fasahohin banki na yau da kullun suna da ƙima.
Ko da kuɗi na yau da kullum ya mutu, ba zai kasance a fili ba saboda za a maye gurbinsa da maganin blockchain.
Labari na 4: Masu hakar ma'adinai suna tabbatar da tsaron hanyar sadarwar
Quote # 4: "Kasuwanci masu zaman kansu a cikin gajimare, masu amfani da blockchain kuma ana yin su ta hanyar kwangiloli masu wayo, na iya shiga kwangilolin lantarki tare da ƙungiyoyi masu dacewa, kamar gwamnatoci, don yin rijistar kansu a ƙarƙashin kowane ikon da suke son yin aiki a ƙarƙashinsu."
Wataƙila kun ji labarin masu hakar ma'adinai, game da manyan gonaki masu hakar ma'adinai waɗanda aka gina kusa da tashoshin wutar lantarki. Me suke yi? Suna ɓata wutar lantarki na mintuna 10, suna “girgiza” tubalan har sai sun zama “kyakkyawa” kuma ana iya haɗa su cikin blockchain (game da menene “kyakkyawan” tubalan kuma me yasa “girgiza” su, ). Wannan shine don tabbatar da cewa sake rubuta tarihin kuɗin ku yana ɗaukar adadin lokaci ɗaya kamar yadda ake rubuta shi (yana ɗauka cewa kuna da ƙarfin jimla iri ɗaya).
Adadin wutar lantarkin da ake amfani da shi daidai yake da yadda birnin ke amfani da shi ga kowane mutum 100. Amma ƙara a nan kuma kayan aiki masu tsada waɗanda suka dace da hakar ma'adinai kawai. Ka'idar hakar ma'adinai (abin da ake kira tabbacin-aiki) daidai yake da manufar "ƙona albarkatun bil'adama."
Masu fata na Blockchain suna so su ce masu hakar ma'adinai ba kawai suna yin aikin banza ba, amma suna tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali da tsaro na hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin. Gaskiya ne, matsalar kawai ita ce masu hakar ma'adinai suna kare Bitcoin daga sauran masu hakar ma'adinai.
Idan akwai ƙananan masu hakar ma'adinai sau dubu da ƙarancin wutar lantarki sau dubu sun ƙone, to Bitcoin ba zai yi aiki ba mafi muni - guda ɗaya toshe kowane minti 10, adadin ma'amaloli iri ɗaya, saurin iri ɗaya.
Akwai haɗari tare da blockchain mafita "" Ma'anar harin shine idan wani ya mallaki fiye da rabin duk ikon hakar ma'adinai, zai iya rubuta wani tarihin kudi a asirce wanda bai mika kudinsa ga kowa ba. Kuma a sa'an nan nuna kowa da kowa version - kuma zai zama gaskiya. Don haka, yana samun damar kashe kuɗinsa sau da yawa. Tsarin biyan kuɗi na al'ada ba su da sauƙi ga irin wannan harin.
Ya zama cewa Bitcoin ya zama garkuwa ga akidarsa. Masu hakar ma'adinai na "Excessive" ba za su iya dakatar da hakar ma'adinai ba, saboda to, yiwuwar cewa wani shi kadai zai iya sarrafa fiye da rabin sauran iko zai karu sosai. Duk da yake hakar ma'adinai yana da fa'ida, hanyar sadarwar tana da ƙarfi, amma idan yanayin ya canza (alal misali, saboda wutar lantarki ya fi tsada), hanyar sadarwar na iya fuskantar “kashewa biyu” mai yawa.
Labari na 5: Blockchain yana raguwa don haka ba zai iya lalacewa ba
Magana #5: "Don zama cikakkiyar ƙungiya, aikace-aikacen da aka raba dole ne ya ƙunshi ƙarin ayyuka masu rikitarwa, kamar tsarin mulki."
Kuna iya tunanin cewa tun lokacin da aka adana blockchain akan kowane kumburi a cikin hanyar sadarwa, ma'aikatan leken asiri ba za su iya rufe Bitcoin ba idan suna so, saboda ba shi da wani nau'in uwar garken tsakiya ko wani abu makamancin haka - babu wanda zai iya. zo a rufe shi. Amma wannan ruɗi ne.
A gaskiya ma, duk masu hakar ma'adinai "masu zaman kansu" an shirya su a cikin wuraren tafki (masu mahimmanci cartels). Dole ne su haɗu saboda yana da kyau a sami kwanciyar hankali, amma ƙananan kuɗi, fiye da mai girma, amma sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 1000.
Rarraba wutar lantarki ta Bitcoin a fadin wuraren waha.
Kamar yadda kake gani a cikin zane-zane, akwai kimanin manyan wuraren tafki guda 20, kuma 4 kawai daga cikinsu suna sarrafa fiye da 50% na jimlar wutar lantarki. Abin da kawai za ku yi shi ne buga kofofi huɗu kuma ku sami damar yin amfani da kwamfutoci masu sarrafawa guda huɗu don ba ku damar kashe bitcoin iri ɗaya fiye da sau ɗaya akan hanyar sadarwar Bitcoin. Kuma wannan yuwuwar, kamar yadda kuka fahimta, zai ɗan rage darajar Bitcoin. Kuma wannan aikin yana da yuwuwa.
Rarraba ma'adinai ta ƙasa.
Amma barazanar ta fi ta gaske. Yawancin wuraren tafkunan, tare da ikon sarrafa kwamfuta, suna cikin ƙasa ɗaya, wanda ke sauƙaƙa yuwuwar kwace ikon Bitcoin.
Labari na 6: Sirrin sirri da buɗewar blockchain suna da kyau
Quote #6: "A zamanin blockchain, gwamnatin gargajiya 1.0 ta zama mafi yawan abin ƙira, kuma akwai damar da za a ƙaura daga tsarin da aka gada zuwa ƙarin nau'ikan gwamnati."
Blockchain yana buɗewa, kowa yana iya ganin komai. Don haka Bitcoin ba shi da wani suna, yana da "pseudonymity". Misali, idan maharin ya bukaci a biya shi kudin fansa a kan jaka, to kowa ya fahimci cewa jakar na mugun ce. Kuma da yake kowa yana iya sa ido kan hada-hadar kasuwanci daga wannan jakar, mai damfara ba zai iya amfani da bitcoins da aka karɓa cikin sauƙi ba, domin da zarar ya bayyana ainihin sa a wani wuri, nan take za a ɗaure shi. A kusan dukkanin musayar, dole ne a gano ku don musayar kuɗi na yau da kullun.
Saboda haka, maharan suna amfani da abin da ake kira "mixer". Mai haɗawa yana haɗuwa da kuɗi mai datti tare da babban adadin kuɗi mai tsabta, kuma ta haka ne "launders" shi. Maharin ya biya babban kwamiti don wannan kuma ya ɗauki babban haɗari, saboda mahaɗin ko dai ba a san shi ba (kuma yana iya gudu da kuɗin) ko kuma yana ƙarƙashin ikon wani mai tasiri (kuma yana iya mika shi ga hukuma).
Amma barin matsalolin masu laifi a gefe, me ya sa baƙar fata ba ta da kyau ga masu amfani da gaskiya? Ga misali mai sauƙi: Ina canja wurin wasu bitcoins ga mahaifiyata. Bayan wannan ta san:
- Nawa nawa ne gabaɗaya a kowane lokaci?
- Nawa kuma, mafi mahimmanci, menene ainihin na kashe shi a kowane lokaci? Menene na saya, wane irin roulette na yi wasa, wane dan siyasa na goyi bayan "ba tare da sunansa ba".
Ko kuma idan na biya abokina bashin lemo, to yanzu ya san komai game da kudi na. Kuna ganin wannan shirme ne? Shin yana da wahala kowa ya buɗe tarihin kuɗi na katin kiredit ɗin su? Bugu da ƙari, ba kawai abubuwan da suka gabata ba, har ma da dukan makomar gaba.
Idan ga mutane har yanzu wannan ba daidai ba ne (da kyau, ba ku sani ba, wani yana so ya zama "m"), to ga kamfanoni yana da mutuwa: duk takwarorinsu, sayayya, tallace-tallace, abokan ciniki, ƙarar asusun kuma a gaba ɗaya komai, komai. , komai - ya zama jama'a. Buɗewar kuɗi yana iya kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan rashin amfanin Bitcoin.
ƙarshe
Quote No. 7: "Yana yiwuwa fasahar blockchain za ta zama babban tsarin tattalin arziki na duniyar da ke da alaƙa da na'urorin kwamfuta daban-daban, gami da na'urorin kwamfuta masu sawa da na'urori masu auna firikwensin Intanet na Abubuwa."
Na jera manyan korafe-korafe guda shida game da Bitcoin da sigar blockchain da yake amfani da ita. Kuna iya tambaya, me ya sa kuka koya game da wannan daga wurina, ba da farko daga wurin wani ba? Shin babu wanda ya ga matsalolin?
Wasu sun makance, wasu ba su gane ba , kuma wani ya gani kuma ya gane komai, amma kawai ba shi da riba a gare shi ya rubuta game da shi. Yi tunani da kanka, da yawa daga cikin waɗanda suka sayi bitcoins sun fara tallata su da haɓaka su. Irin fitowa. Me yasa aka rubuta cewa fasaha yana da rashin amfani idan kuna tsammanin ƙimar ta tashi?
Ee, Bitcoin yana da masu fafatawa waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin warware wasu matsaloli. Kuma yayin da wasu ra'ayoyin suna da kyau sosai, blockchain har yanzu yana kan ainihin. Ee, akwai wasu, aikace-aikacen da ba na kuɗi ba na fasahar blockchain, amma mahimman illolin blockchain suna nan.
Yanzu, idan wani ya gaya muku cewa ƙirƙira na blockchain yana kama da mahimmancin ƙirƙira na Intanet, ɗauka tare da ƙarancin shakka.
source: www.habr.com