Jihar DevOps a cikin Rasha 2020

Yadda za a fahimci yanayin wani abu?

Kuna iya dogara da ra'ayin ku, wanda aka kirkira daga maɓuɓɓuka daban-daban na bayanai, misali, wallafe-wallafe akan gidajen yanar gizo ko gogewa. Kuna iya tambayar abokan aiki, abokan aiki. Wani zaɓi shine duba batutuwan tarurrukan: kwamitin shirin shine wakilai masu aiki na masana'antu, don haka mun amince da su a zabar batutuwa masu dacewa. Wani yanki na daban shine bincike da rahotanni. Amma akwai matsala. Ana gudanar da bincike kan yanayin DevOps a kowace shekara a duniya, rahotannin da kamfanonin kasashen waje suka buga, kuma kusan babu wani bayani game da DevOps na Rasha.

Amma ranar da aka yi irin wannan nazari ta zo, kuma a yau za mu yi magana game da sakamakon. Kamfanonin sun yi nazarin jihar DevOps a cikin hadin gwiwa "Express 42"Kuma"Ontico". Express 42 yana taimaka wa kamfanonin fasaha aiwatarwa da haɓaka ayyukan DevOps da kayan aiki kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin na farko da yayi magana game da DevOps a Rasha. Marubutan binciken, Igor Kurochkin da Vitaly Khabarov, sun shiga cikin bincike da shawarwari a Express 42, yayin da suke da fasahar fasaha daga aiki da kwarewa a kamfanoni daban-daban. Shekaru 8, abokan aiki sun kalli kamfanoni da ayyuka da yawa - daga farawa zuwa masana'antu - tare da matsaloli daban-daban, gami da balaga na al'adu da injiniya daban-daban.

A cikin rahoton nasu, Igor da Vitaly sun bayyana irin matsalolin da ke tattare da bincike, yadda aka magance su, da kuma yadda aka gudanar da bincike na DevOps bisa ka'ida da kuma dalilin da ya sa Express 42 ya yanke shawarar yin nasa. Ana iya duba rahoton su a nan.

Binciken DevOps

Igor Kurochkin ya fara tattaunawar.

Muna tambayar masu sauraro akai-akai a taron DevOps, "Shin kun karanta rahoton matsayin DevOps na wannan shekara?" Kadan ne ke ɗaga hannayensu, kuma bincikenmu ya nuna cewa na uku ne kawai ya yi nazarinsu. Idan ba ku taɓa ganin irin waɗannan rahotanni ba, bari mu ce nan da nan cewa duk sun yi kama da juna. Mafi sau da yawa akwai jimloli kamar: "Idan aka kwatanta da bara ..."

Anan muna da matsala ta farko, sannan kuma bayan ta biyu:

1. Ba mu da bayanai na bara. Jihar DevOps a Rasha ba ta da sha'awar kowa;
2. Hanya. Ba a bayyana yadda za a gwada hasashe ba, yadda za a gina tambayoyi, yadda za a yi nazari, kwatanta sakamako, nemo haɗin kai;
3. Kalmomi. Dukkan rahotanni cikin Turanci suke, ana buƙatar fassara, ba a ƙirƙira tsarin gama gari na DevOps ba tukuna kuma kowa ya fito da nasa.

Bari mu kalli yadda aka yi nazarin jihar DevOps a duk duniya.

Tarihin Tarihin

An gudanar da bincike na DevOps tun daga 2011. Tsanana, mai haɓaka tsarin sarrafa sanyi, shine farkon wanda ya gudanar da su. A wannan lokacin, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kayan aikin da ake kwatanta abubuwan more rayuwa a cikin nau'in code. Har zuwa 2013, waɗannan karatun sun kasance rufaffiyar safiyo ne kawai kuma babu rahoton jama'a.

A cikin 2013, juyin juya halin IT ya bayyana, mawallafin duk manyan littattafai akan DevOps. Tare da Puppet, sun shirya littafin farko na Jihar DevOps, inda ma'auni na 4 suka bayyana a karon farko. A shekara mai zuwa, ThoughtWorks, wani kamfani mai ba da shawara wanda aka sani da radar fasaha na yau da kullum akan ayyukan masana'antu da kayan aiki, ya shiga ciki. Kuma a cikin 2015, an ƙara wani sashe tare da hanya, kuma ya bayyana a fili yadda suke yin bincike.

A cikin 2016, marubutan binciken, sun kirkiro kamfanin DORA (DevOps Research and Assessment), sun buga rahoton shekara-shekara. A shekara mai zuwa, DORA da Puppet sun fitar da rahoton haɗin gwiwa na ƙarshe.

Sannan wani abu mai ban sha'awa ya fara:

A cikin 2018, kamfanonin sun rabu kuma an fitar da rahotanni masu zaman kansu guda biyu: ɗaya daga Puppet, na biyu daga DORA tare da Google. DORA ta ci gaba da yin amfani da tsarinta tare da ma'auni masu mahimmanci, bayanan aikin aiki, da ayyukan injiniya waɗanda ke tasiri ma'auni mai mahimmanci da aikin kamfani. Kuma Puppet ya ba da tsarin kansa tare da bayanin tsari da juyin halittar DevOps. Amma labarin bai yi tushe ba, a cikin 2019 Puppet ya watsar da wannan hanyar kuma ya fitar da sabon salo na rahotanni, wanda ya jera mahimman ayyukan da yadda suke shafar DevOps daga mahangar su. Sai wani lamari ya faru: Google ya sayi DORA, kuma tare suka fitar da wani rahoto. Wataƙila ka gan shi.

A wannan shekarar, abubuwa sun yi rikitarwa. An san tsana ya ƙaddamar da nasa binciken. Sun yi shi mako guda kafin mu, kuma ya riga ya ƙare. Mun shiga cikinsa kuma muka duba abubuwan da suke sha'awar. Yanzu Puppet yana yin nazarinsa kuma yana shirin buga rahoton.

Amma har yanzu babu sanarwa daga DORA da Google. A watan Mayu, lokacin da aka fara binciken yawanci, bayanai sun zo cewa Nicole Forsgren, daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa DORA, ya koma wani kamfani. Saboda haka, mun ɗauka cewa ba za a yi bincike da rahoto daga DORA a wannan shekara ba.

Yaya abubuwa suke a Rasha?

Ba mu yi bincike na DevOps ba. Mun yi magana a taro, muna sake ba da labarin wasu mutane, kuma Raiffeisenbank ya fassara "State of DevOps" na 2019 (zaku iya samun sanarwar su akan Habré), godiya da yawa a gare su. Kuma shi duka.

Saboda haka, mun gudanar da namu binciken a Rasha ta amfani da hanyoyin DORA da binciken. Mun yi amfani da rahoton abokan aiki daga Raiffeisenbank don bincikenmu, gami da aiki tare da kalmomi da fassara. Kuma an ɗauki tambayoyin da suka dace da masana'antu daga rahotannin DORA da kuma tambayoyin 'yar tsana na bana.

Tsarin Bincike

Rahoton shine kawai kashi na ƙarshe. Gabaɗayan tsarin bincike ya ƙunshi manyan matakai guda huɗu:

A lokacin shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen, mun yi hira da masana masana'antu kuma mun shirya jerin ra'ayoyin. A kan tushensu, an tattara tambayoyi kuma an ƙaddamar da bincike har tsawon watan Agusta. Sannan muka yi nazari tare da shirya rahoton da kansa. Don DORA, wannan tsari yana ɗaukar watanni 6. Mun hadu a cikin watanni 3, kuma yanzu mun fahimci cewa ba mu da isasshen lokaci: ta hanyar yin bincike ne kawai za ku fahimci tambayoyin da kuke buƙatar yi.

Wakilai

Dukkan rahotannin kasashen waje sun fara da hoton mahalarta, kuma yawancinsu ba daga Rasha ba ne. Adadin masu amsawa na Rasha yana canzawa tsakanin 5 zuwa 1% daga shekara zuwa shekara, kuma wannan baya bada izinin yanke shawara.

Taswirori daga Rahoton Haɗakarwar Jihar DevOps 2019:

A cikin bincikenmu, mun sami damar yin hira da mutane 889 - wannan abu ne mai yawa ( zaɓen DORA game da mutane dubu a kowace shekara a cikin rahotanninta) kuma a nan mun cimma burin:

Gaskiya, ba duka mahalartanmu ba ne suka kai ƙarshe: adadin kammalawar ya zama ɗan ƙasa da rabi. Amma ko da wannan ya isa ya sami samfurin wakilci da gudanar da bincike. DORA baya bayyana cika kaso a cikin rahotanninta, don haka babu kwatance a nan.

Masana'antu da matsayi

Masu amsanmu suna wakiltar masana'antu dozin guda. Rabin aiki a fasahar bayanai. Daga nan sai ayyukan kudi, kasuwanci, sadarwa da sauransu. Daga cikin mukaman akwai kwararru (mai haɓakawa, mai gwadawa, injiniyan aiki) da ma'aikatan gudanarwa (shugabannin ƙungiyoyi, ƙungiyoyi, yankuna, daraktoci):

Ɗaya cikin biyu yana aiki don kamfani mai matsakaicin girma. Kowane mutum na uku yana aiki a manyan kamfanoni. Yawancin aiki a cikin ƙungiyoyi har zuwa mutane 9. Na dabam, mun tambayi game da manyan ayyukan, kuma yawancin suna da alaka da aikin, kuma game da 40% suna tsunduma cikin ci gaba:

Don haka mun tattara bayanai don kwatantawa da kuma nazarin wakilan masana'antu daban-daban, kamfanoni, ƙungiyoyi. Abokina Vitaly Khabarov zai gaya game da bincike.

Analysis da kwatanta

Vitaly Khabarov: Godiya mai yawa ga dukkan mahalarta da suka kammala bincikenmu, suka cika tambayoyin da kuma ba mu bayanai don ƙarin bincike da gwada hasashenmu. Kuma godiya ga abokan cinikinmu da abokan cinikinmu, muna da kwarewa mai yawa wanda ya taimaka wajen gano matsalolin masana'antu da kuma tsara tunanin da muka gwada a cikin bincikenmu.

Abin baƙin ciki, ba za ka iya kawai dauki jerin tambayoyi a daya hannun da bayanai a kan sauran, ko ta yaya kwatanta su, ce: "Ee, duk abin da ke aiki kamar haka, mun kasance daidai" da kuma watse. A'a, ana buƙatar dabara da hanyoyin ƙididdiga don tabbatar da cewa ba mu yi kuskure ba kuma ƙarshenmu abin dogaro ne. Sa'an nan za mu iya gina ƙarin aikin mu bisa waɗannan bayanai:

Ma'aunin Maɓalli

Mun dauki hanyar DORA a matsayin tushen, wanda suka bayyana dalla-dalla a cikin littafin "Hanyar da Jihar DevOps". Mun bincika ko ma'auni masu mahimmanci sun dace da kasuwar Rasha, ko za a iya amfani da su kamar yadda DORA ke amfani da su don amsa tambayar: "Ta yaya masana'antu a Rasha suka dace da masana'antar waje?"

Ma'auni mai mahimmanci:

1. Mitar turawa. Sau nawa ake tura sabon sigar aikace-aikacen zuwa yanayin samarwa (canje-canjen da aka tsara, ban da hotfixes da martanin da ya faru)?
2. Lokacin bayarwa. Menene matsakaicin lokaci tsakanin yin canji (ayyukan rubutu azaman lamba) da tura canjin zuwa yanayin samarwa?
3. Lokacin farfadowa. Yaya tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka akan matsakaita don mayar da aikace-aikacen zuwa yanayin samarwa bayan wani lamari, lalacewar sabis, ko gano kwaro da ke shafar masu amfani da aikace-aikacen?
4. Canje-canje marasa nasara. Wani kashi na turawa a cikin yanayin samarwa yana haifar da lalata aikace-aikacen ko abubuwan da suka faru kuma suna buƙatar gyara (juyawar canje-canje, haɓaka hotfix ko facin)?

DORA a cikin bincikenta ya sami alaƙa tsakanin waɗannan ma'auni da aikin ƙungiya. Muna kuma gwada shi a cikin bincikenmu.

Amma don tabbatar da cewa ma'auni guda huɗu na iya rinjayar wani abu, kuna buƙatar fahimta - shin suna da alaƙa da juna? DORA ya amsa da tabbatacce tare da faɗakarwa ɗaya: alaƙar da ke tsakanin canje-canjen da ba su yi nasara ba (Change Failure Rate) da wasu ma'auni uku sun ɗan yi rauni. Mun samu kusan hoto daya. Idan lokacin isarwa, mitar turawa, da lokacin dawowa sun dace da juna (mun kafa wannan haɗin kai ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar Pearson da kuma ma'aunin Chaddock), to babu irin wannan alaƙa mai ƙarfi tare da canje-canje marasa nasara.

A ka'ida, yawancin masu amsa suna amsawa cewa suna da ƙananan adadin abubuwan da suka faru a samarwa. Ko da yake za mu ga nan gaba cewa har yanzu akwai babban bambanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyin masu amsawa dangane da sauye-sauyen da ba su yi nasara ba, har yanzu ba za mu iya amfani da wannan ma'aunin don wannan rarrabuwa ba.

Muna danganta hakan da cewa (kamar yadda ya faru a yayin bincike da sadarwa tare da wasu abokan cinikinmu) an sami ɗan bambanci a cikin fahimtar abin da ake ɗaukar wani lamari. Idan mun sami nasarar dawo da aikin sabis ɗinmu yayin taga fasaha, za a iya ɗaukar hakan a matsayin abin da ya faru? Wataƙila ba haka bane, saboda mun gyara komai, muna da kyau. Shin za mu iya la'akari da shi a matsayin lamari idan mun sake sake yin aikace-aikacen mu sau 10 a cikin al'ada, yanayin da aka saba mana? Da alama ba haka bane. Sabili da haka, tambayar dangantakar canje-canjen da ba a yi nasara ba tare da wasu ma'auni ya kasance a buɗe. Za mu kara tace shi.

Mahimmanci anan shine mun sami alaƙa mai mahimmanci tsakanin lokutan bayarwa, lokacin dawowa, da mitar turawa. Don haka, mun ɗauki waɗannan ma'auni guda uku don ƙara rarraba masu amsa zuwa ƙungiyoyin aiki.

Nawa za a auna a cikin grams?

Mun yi amfani da nazarin gungu na matsayi:

• Muna rarraba masu amsa a kan sararin n-dimensional, inda haɗin gwiwar kowane mai amsa shine amsoshin tambayoyinsu.
• Ana ayyana kowane mai amsa ƙaramar tari.
• Muna haɗa gungu biyu mafi kusa da juna cikin babban gungu ɗaya.
• Mun sami gungu biyu na gaba kuma mu haɗa su cikin babban tari.

Wannan shine yadda muke haɗa duk waɗanda suka amsa cikin adadin gungu da muke buƙata. Tare da taimakon dendrogram (bishiyar haɗin kai tsakanin gungu), muna ganin nisa tsakanin gungu biyu maƙwabta. Abin da ya rage a gare mu shi ne mu sanya iyaka tazara tsakanin waɗannan gungu kuma mu ce: "Wadannan ƙungiyoyin biyu suna da bambanci sosai da juna saboda tazarar da ke tsakanin su tana da girma."

Amma akwai wata boyayyar matsala a nan: ba mu da hani kan adadin gungu - za mu iya samun gungu 2, 3, 4, 10. Kuma ra'ayin farko shine - me yasa ba za a raba duk masu amsa mu zuwa rukuni 4 ba, kamar yadda DORA ke yi. Amma mun gano cewa bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin wadannan kungiyoyi ya zama maras muhimmanci, kuma ba za mu iya tabbatar da cewa wanda ake kara da gaske na kungiyarsa ne ba na makwabtaka ba. Har yanzu ba za mu iya raba kasuwar Rasha zuwa kungiyoyi hudu ba. Don haka, mun daidaita a kan bayanan martaba guda uku waɗanda ke akwai bambanci mai mahimmanci na ƙididdiga:

Bayan haka, mun ƙaddara bayanin martaba ta gungu: mun ɗauki tsaka-tsaki don kowane ma'auni na kowane rukuni kuma mun haɗa tebur na bayanan martaba. A haƙiƙa, mun sami bayanan bayanan aikin matsakaicin ɗan takara a kowace ƙungiya. Mun gano bayanan martaba uku masu inganci: Low, Matsakaici, Babban:

Anan mun tabbatar da tunaninmu cewa ma'auni masu mahimmanci 4 sun dace don ƙayyade bayanin martaba, kuma suna aiki duka a kasuwannin Yammacin Turai da Rasha. Akwai bambanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyi kuma yana da mahimmanci a ƙididdiga. Ina jaddada cewa akwai babban bambanci tsakanin bayanan bayanan aiki dangane da ma'aunin sauye-sauyen da ba su yi nasara ba dangane da matsakaita, kodayake ba mu fara raba masu amsa ta wannan siga ba.

Sa'an nan tambaya ta taso: yadda za a yi amfani da duk wannan?

Yadda zaka yi amfani

Idan muka ɗauki kowace ƙungiya, ma'aunin ma'auni na 4 kuma amfani da shi a kan tebur, to a cikin 85% na lokuta ba za mu sami cikakkiyar wasa ba - wannan kawai ɗan takara ne kawai, kuma ba abin da ke cikin gaskiya ba. Mu duka (da kowace ƙungiya) mun ɗan bambanta.

Mun duba: mun ɗauki masu amsa mu da bayanin martabar aikin DORA, kuma mun duba yawan masu amsawa da suka dace da wannan ko wancan bayanin. Mun gano cewa kawai 16% na masu amsa tabbas sun faɗi cikin ɗayan bayanan martaba. Duk sauran sun warwatse a wani wuri tsakanin:

Wannan yana nufin cewa bayanin martaba na aiki yana da iyakacin iyaka. Don fahimtar inda kuke a cikin ƙimar farko, kuna iya amfani da wannan tebur: "Oh, da alama mun fi kusa da Matsakaici ko Babban!" Idan kun fahimci inda za ku gaba, wannan yana iya isa. Amma idan burin ku ya kasance akai-akai, ci gaba da ci gaba, kuma kuna son sanin ainihin inda za ku bunkasa da abin da za ku yi, to ana buƙatar ƙarin kuɗi. Mun kira su masu lissafi:

• Kalkuleta DORA
• Kalkuleta Express 42* (a cikin haɓakawa)
• Ci gaban kansa (zaka iya ƙirƙirar ƙididdiga na ciki).

Me ake bukata? Don fahimta:

• Shin ƙungiyar da ke cikin ƙungiyarmu ta dace da matsayinmu?
• Idan ba haka ba, za mu iya taimaka masa, hanzarta shi a cikin tsarin ƙwarewar da kamfaninmu ke da shi?
• Idan haka ne, za mu iya yin abin da ya fi haka?

Hakanan zaka iya amfani da su don tattara ƙididdiga a cikin kamfani:

• Wadanne kungiyoyi muke da su?
• Rarraba ƙungiyoyi zuwa bayanan martaba;
• Dubi: Oh, waɗannan umarni ba su da aiki (ba su cire kadan), amma waɗannan suna da kyau: suna turawa kowace rana, ba tare da kurakurai ba, suna da lokacin jagora na kasa da sa'a guda.

Sannan za ku iya gano cewa a cikin kamfaninmu akwai ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun da ba su kai ga daidaito ba.

Ko kuma, idan kun fahimci cewa kuna jin daɗi a cikin kamfanin, kun fi mutane da yawa, to, zaku iya kallon ɗan faɗi kaɗan. Wannan masana'antar Rasha ce kawai: za mu iya samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata a cikin masana'antar Rasha don haɓaka kanmu? Kalkuleta na Express 42 zai taimaka anan (yana kan haɓakawa). Idan kun yi girma a kasuwar Rasha, to ku duba Kalkuleta DORA kuma zuwa kasuwannin duniya.

Lafiya. Kuma idan kuna cikin rukunin Elit akan kalkuleta na DORA, menene ya kamata ku yi? Babu mafita mai kyau a nan. Wataƙila kun kasance a sahun gaba na masana'antu, kuma ƙarin haɓakawa da aminci yana yiwuwa ta hanyar R&D na ciki da kashe ƙarin albarkatu.

Bari mu matsa zuwa mafi dadi - kwatanta.

Daidaita

Da farko mun so kwatanta masana'antar Rasha da masana'antar Yammacin Turai. Idan muka kwatanta kai tsaye, za mu ga cewa muna da ƙananan bayanan martaba, kuma sun ɗan ɗanɗana juna, iyakokin sun ɗan yi duhu:

’Yan wasanmu na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ’yan wasa a ɓoye suke, amma suna nan - waɗannan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru ne waɗanda suka kai matsayi mai girma. A Rasha, bambanci tsakanin Elite profile da High profile bai riga ya isa sosai ba. Muna tsammanin cewa a nan gaba wannan rabuwa zai faru saboda karuwar al'adun injiniya, ingancin aiwatar da ayyukan injiniya da ƙwarewa a cikin kamfanoni.

Idan muka matsa zuwa kwatancen kai tsaye a cikin masana'antar Rasha, za mu iya ganin cewa Ƙungiyoyin Maɗaukaki sun fi kyau a kowane fanni. Mun kuma tabbatar da hasashenmu cewa akwai dangantaka tsakanin waɗannan ma'auni da ayyukan ƙungiya: Ƙungiyoyin manyan bayanan suna da yuwuwar ba kawai cimma burin ba, har ma su wuce su.
Mu zama gungun masu fa'ida ba mu tsaya a can ba:

Amma wannan shekara ta musamman ce, kuma mun yanke shawarar bincika yadda kamfanoni ke yin balaguro: Ƙungiyoyin manyan bayanan martaba suna yin kyau sosai kuma suna jin daɗi fiye da matsakaicin masana'antar:

• 1,5-2 sau mafi kusantar sakin sabbin samfuran,
• Sau 2 mafi kusantar haɓaka dogaro da / ko aikin kayan aikin aikace-aikacen.

Wato, iyawar da suka riga sun taimaka musu haɓaka cikin sauri, ƙaddamar da sabbin samfura, canza samfuran da ke akwai, ta yadda za su ci sabbin kasuwanni da sabbin masu amfani:

Menene kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyoyinmu?

Ayyukan injiniya

Zan gaya muku game da mahimman binciken ga kowane aikin da muka gwada. Wataƙila wani abu kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyoyin, amma muna magana ne game da DevOps. Kuma a cikin DevOps, muna ganin bambanci tsakanin ƙungiyoyin bayanan martaba daban-daban.

Platform a matsayin Sabis

Ba mu sami wata muhimmiyar alaƙa tsakanin shekarun dandamali da bayanan ƙungiyar ba: Platforms sun bayyana a kusan lokaci guda don ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da Manyan ƙungiyoyi. Amma ga na ƙarshe, dandamali yana ba da, a matsakaita, ƙarin ayyuka da ƙarin mu'amalar shirye-shirye don sarrafawa ta hanyar lambar shirin. Kuma ƙungiyoyin dandali sun fi taimakawa masu haɓakawa da ƙungiyoyin yin amfani da dandamali, magance matsalolinsu da abubuwan da suka shafi dandamali akai-akai, da ilimantar da sauran ƙungiyoyi.

Kayayyakin aiki azaman code

Komai yana da kyau a nan. Mun sami dangantaka tsakanin sarrafa kansa na aikin lambar kayan aikin da adadin bayanai da aka adana a cikin ma'ajin kayan aikin. Babban umarnin bayanin martaba yana adana ƙarin bayani a cikin ma'ajin: wannan shine tsarin samar da ababen more rayuwa, bututun CI / CD, saitunan muhalli da gina sigogi. Suna adana wannan bayanin sau da yawa, suna aiki mafi kyau tare da lambar kayan aiki, kuma suna sarrafa ƙarin matakai da ayyuka don aiki tare da lambar ababen more rayuwa.

Abin sha'awa, ba mu ga wani gagarumin bambanci a gwaje-gwajen ababen more rayuwa ba. Na dangana wannan ga gaskiyar cewa Ƙungiyoyin manyan bayanan martaba suna da ƙarin gwajin sarrafa kansa gabaɗaya. Wataƙila bai kamata a raba hankalinsu daban ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen ababen more rayuwa ba, a maimakon haka waɗanda gwaje-gwajen da suke bincika aikace-aikacen, kuma godiya gare su sun riga sun ga abin da kuma inda suka karya.

Haɗin kai da Bayarwa

Sashe mafi ban sha'awa, saboda mun tabbatar da cewa yawancin aiki da kai, mafi kyawun aiki tare da lambar, mafi kusantar za ku sami sakamako mafi kyau.

gine

Mun so mu ga yadda microservices ke shafar aiki. A gaskiya ma, ba su yi ba, tun da amfani da microservices ba shi da alaƙa da karuwa a cikin alamun aiki. Ana amfani da Microservices don duka manyan umarnin bayanan martaba da ƙananan umarnin bayanan martaba.

Amma abin da ke da mahimmanci shi ne cewa ga Manyan Ƙungiyoyin, sauye-sauye zuwa gine-ginen microservice yana ba su damar haɓaka ayyukansu da kansu da kuma fitar da su. Idan gine-ginen ya ba wa masu haɓaka damar yin aiki da kansu, ba tare da jiran wani na waje ga ƙungiyar ba, to wannan shine mabuɗin cancantar haɓaka gudu. A wannan yanayin, microservices suna taimakawa. Kuma kawai aiwatar da su ba ya taka rawar gani.

Ta yaya muka gano duk waɗannan?

Muna da kyakkyawan shiri don yin cikakken kwafin tsarin DORA, amma mun rasa albarkatun. Idan DORA ta yi amfani da tallafi mai yawa kuma binciken su ya ɗauki rabin shekara, mun yi bincikenmu cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Mun so gina samfurin DevOps kamar DORA, kuma za mu yi hakan a nan gaba. Ya zuwa yanzu mun iyakance kanmu ga taswirorin zafi:

Mun duba rarraba ayyukan injiniya a cikin ƙungiyoyi a cikin kowane bayanin martaba kuma mun gano cewa Ƙungiyoyin masu girma, a matsakaita, sun fi yin amfani da ayyukan injiniya. Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da duk wannan a cikin mu rahoto.

Don canji, bari mu canza daga ƙididdiga masu rikitarwa zuwa masu sauƙi.

Menene kuma muka gano?

Kayan aiki

Mun lura cewa yawancin umarni OS na dangin Linux ne ke amfani da su. Amma Windows har yanzu yana cikin yanayin - aƙalla kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na masu amsa mu sun lura da amfani da ɗaya ko wani nau'in sa. Da alama kasuwa tana da wannan bukata. Don haka, zaku iya haɓaka waɗannan ƙwarewa kuma ku gabatar da gabatarwa a taro.

Daga cikin mawaƙa, ba asiri ba ne ga kowa, Kubernetes yana kan gaba (52%). Mawaƙin na gaba a cikin layi shine Docker Swarm (kimanin 12%). Shahararrun tsarin CI sune Jenkins da GitLab. Shahararren tsarin gudanarwa na daidaitawa shine Mai yiwuwa, sannan Shell mai ƙaunataccen mu ya biyo baya.

Amazon a halin yanzu shine babban mai ba da sabis na girgije. Rabon girgijen Rasha yana karuwa a hankali. A shekara mai zuwa zai zama mai ban sha'awa don ganin yadda masu samar da girgije na Rasha za su ji, ko kasuwar kasuwancin su za ta karu. Su ne, ana iya amfani da su, kuma yana da kyau:

Na wuce ƙasa zuwa Igor, wanda zai ba da ƙarin ƙididdiga.

Yada ayyuka

Igor Kurochkin: Na dabam, mun tambayi masu amsa don nuna yadda ake rarraba ayyukan injiniya da aka yi la'akari a cikin kamfanin. A mafi yawan kamfanoni, akwai hanyar da aka haɗa, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i daban-daban, kuma ayyukan matukin jirgi sun shahara sosai. Mun kuma ga ɗan bambanci tsakanin bayanan martaba. Wakilan Babban martaba sau da yawa suna amfani da tsarin "Initiative daga ƙasa", lokacin da ƙananan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ke canza tsarin aiki, kayan aiki, da raba ayyukan nasara tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi. A Matsakaici, wannan yunƙuri ne na sama-sama wanda ke shafar dukkan kamfani ta hanyar ƙirƙirar al'ummomi da cibiyoyi masu kyau:

Agile da DevOps

Tambayar haɗin kai tsakanin Agile da DevOps sau da yawa ana tattauna su a cikin masana'antu. An kuma tayar da wannan batu a cikin Rahoton Agile na 2019/2020, don haka mun yanke shawarar kwatanta yadda ayyukan Agile da DevOps ke haɗuwa a cikin kamfanoni. Mun gano cewa DevOps ba tare da Agile ba wuya. Ga rabin masu amsawa, yaduwar Agile ya fara da yawa a baya, kuma kusan 20% sun lura da farawa lokaci guda, kuma ɗayan alamun ƙarancin bayanin martaba zai kasance rashin ayyukan Agile da DevOps:

Umurnin topologies

A karshen shekarar bara, littafin "Topologies kungiyar”, wanda ke ba da shawarar tsari don kwatanta topologies na umarni. Ya zama mai ban sha'awa a gare mu ko ya dace da kamfanonin Rasha. Kuma mun tambayi tambaya: "Wane alamu kuke samu?".

Ana lura da ƙungiyoyin kayan aikin a cikin rabin waɗanda aka amsa, da kuma ƙungiyoyi daban-daban don haɓakawa, gwaji da aiki. Ƙungiyoyin DevOps daban sun lura da kashi 45%, a cikinsu akwai wakilai na Babban. Na gaba yana zuwa ƙungiyoyi masu aiki, waɗanda kuma sun fi kowa a High. Dokokin SRE daban suna bayyana a cikin Maɗaukaki, Matsakaici bayanan martaba kuma ba a cika ganin su a cikin Ƙananan bayanan martaba:

Rabon DevQaOps

Mun ga wannan tambaya a kan FaceBook daga jagoran ƙungiyar Skyeng dandamali - yana da sha'awar rabon masu haɓakawa, masu gwadawa da masu gudanarwa a cikin kamfanoni. Mun tambaye shi kuma muka duba martanin dangane da bayanan martaba: Wakilan manyan ƙididdiga ba su da ƙarancin gwaji da injiniyoyin aiki ga kowane mai haɓakawa:

Shirye-shiryen 2021

A cikin tsare-tsaren na shekara mai zuwa, masu amsa sun lura da ayyuka masu zuwa:

Anan zaku iya ganin hanyar haɗin gwiwa tare da taron DevOps Live 2020. Mun yi bitar shirin a hankali:

• Kayan aiki azaman samfur
• Canjin DevOps
• Rarraba ayyukan DevOps
• HannaMasAkA
• Case clubs da tattaunawa

Amma lokacin gabatarwarmu bai isa ya rufe dukkan batutuwan ba. Hagu a bayan fage:

• Platform azaman sabis kuma azaman samfur;
• Kayan aiki a matsayin lambar, yanayi da gajimare;
• Ci gaba da Haɗuwa da Bayarwa;
• Gine-gine;
• Tsarin DevSecOps;
• Ƙungiyoyin dandamali da ƙungiyoyi masu aiki.

Rahoton mun sami nau'i-nau'i, shafuka 50, kuma kuna iya ganin shi daki-daki.

Girgawa sama

Muna fatan cewa bincikenmu da rahotonmu zai ba ku kwarin gwiwa don gwaji tare da sabbin hanyoyin haɓakawa, gwaji, da ayyuka, gami da taimaka muku kewayawa, kwatanta kanku da sauran mahalarta binciken, da gano wuraren da zaku iya inganta hanyoyin ku.

Sakamakon binciken farko na jihar DevOps a Rasha:

• Ma'aunin mahimmanci. Mun gano cewa ma'auni masu mahimmanci (lokacin bayarwa, mitar turawa, lokacin dawowa, da gazawar canji) sun dace don nazarin tasirin ci gaba, gwaji, da ayyukan aiki.
• Bayanan martaba High, Matsakaici, Ƙananan. Dangane da bayanan da aka tattara, za mu iya bambanta ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na High, Matsakaici, Ƙananan tare da keɓaɓɓen fasali dangane da ma'auni, ayyuka, matakai da kayan aiki. Wakilan Babban martaba suna nuna sakamako mafi kyau fiye da Low. Suna da yuwuwar cimmawa da wuce manufofinsu.
• Manuniya, annoba da tsare-tsare na 2021. Alamar ta musamman a wannan shekara ita ce yadda kamfanoni suka shawo kan cutar. Manyan wakilai sun fi kyau, sun sami ƙarin haɗin gwiwar masu amfani, kuma manyan dalilan nasara sune ingantattun hanyoyin ci gaba da al'adun injiniya mai ƙarfi.
• Ayyukan DevOps, kayan aikin da haɓaka su. Babban tsare-tsaren kamfanoni na shekara mai zuwa sun haɗa da haɓaka ayyukan DevOps da kayan aiki, ƙaddamar da ayyukan DevSecOps, da canje-canje a cikin tsarin tsari. Kuma ana aiwatar da ingantaccen aiwatarwa da haɓaka ayyukan DevOps tare da taimakon ayyukan matukin jirgi, ƙirƙirar al'ummomi da cibiyoyi masu kyau, yunƙuri a manyan matakai na kamfani.

Muna son jin ra'ayoyinku, labarunku, ra'ayoyinku. Muna godiya ga duk wanda ya shiga cikin binciken kuma muna fatan halartar ku a shekara mai zuwa.

source: www.habr.com