🥇 Ƙirƙiri da kafa uwar garken Minecraft

Minecraft shine ɗayan shahararrun wasannin kan layi a yau. A cikin kasa da shekaru uku (farkon hukuma saki ya faru a cikin fall na 2011), ya sami miliyoyin magoya a duniya.

Masu haɓaka wasan da gangan suna mai da hankali kan mafi kyawun misalai na shekaru ashirin da suka gabata, lokacin da yawancin wasanni suka kasance, bisa ga ƙa'idodin yau, na farko ta fuskar zane-zane da ajizanci dangane da amfani, amma a lokaci guda suna da ban sha'awa da gaske.

Kamar duk wasannin sandbox, Minecraft yana ba mai amfani da dama mai yawa don kerawa - wannan, a zahiri, shine babban sirrin shahararsa.

Sabar don wasanni masu yawa 'yan wasan da kansu da al'ummominsu ne ke shirya su. A yau akwai dubun dubatar sabar wasan da ke aiki akan Intanet (duba, alal misali, jeri a nan).

Akwai masu sha'awar wannan wasan da yawa a tsakanin abokan cinikinmu, kuma suna hayan kayan aiki daga cibiyoyin bayanan mu don ayyukan caca. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi magana game da abin da fasaha maki kana bukatar ka kula da lokacin zabar uwar garken
Minecraft.

Zabar dandamali

Minecraft ya haɗa da abubuwan gine-gine masu zuwa:

uwar garken - shirin da 'yan wasa ke hulɗa da juna a kan hanyar sadarwa;
abokin ciniki - shirin don haɗawa zuwa uwar garken, wanda aka sanya akan kwamfutar mai kunnawa;
plugins - ƙari ga uwar garken da ke ƙara sababbin ayyuka ko fadada tsofaffi;
mods sune ƙari ga duniyar wasan (sababbin tubalan, abubuwa, fasali).

Akwai dandamali na uwar garken da yawa don Minecraft. Mafi na kowa kuma mashahuri su ne Vanilla da Bukkit.

vanilla Wannan shine dandalin hukuma daga masu haɓaka wasan. Ana rarraba shi a cikin nau'ikan hoto da na'ura wasan bidiyo. Wani sabon sigar Vanilla koyaushe yana fitowa a lokaci guda da sabon sigar Minecraft.

Kasawar Vanilla ita ce yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyarta (kimanin 50 MB kowane ɗan wasa). Wani gagarumin koma baya shine rashin plugins.

bukki gungun masu goyon baya ne suka ƙirƙira su waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙarin haɓaka uwar garken Minecraft na hukuma. Ƙoƙarin ya zama babban nasara: Bukkit ya fi girma a cikin ayyuka fiye da Vanilla, da farko saboda goyan bayan mods da plugins daban-daban. A lokaci guda, yana cinye ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kowane ɗan wasa - kusan 5-10 MB.

Rashin amfanin Bukkit shine yana ɗaukar RAM da yawa yayin aiki. Bugu da ƙari, tsawon lokacin da uwar garken ke aiki, ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana buƙata (ko da akwai 'yan wasa kaɗan). Lokacin zabar Bukkit azaman uwar garken, yakamata ku tuna cewa sabbin sigar sa, a matsayin mai mulkin, sun ƙunshi kurakurai; Tsayayyen sigar yawanci yana bayyana kusan makonni 2-3 bayan an fito da sigar hukuma ta Minecraft.

Bugu da kari, wasu dandamali kwanan nan sun sami shahara sosai (misali, Spout, MCPC da MCPC +), amma suna da iyakacin jituwa tare da Vanilla da Bukkit da ƙarancin tallafi ga mods (misali, don Spout zaka iya rubuta mods kawai daga karce). Idan ana amfani da su, to kawai don gwaje-gwaje.

Don tsara uwar garken wasan, muna ba da shawarar yin amfani da dandalin Bukkit, kamar yadda ya fi dacewa; Bugu da kari, akwai da yawa daban-daban mods da plugins domin shi. Tsayayyen aiki na uwar garken Minecraft ya dogara ne akan ainihin zaɓi na dandamali na hardware. Bari mu yi la'akari da wannan batu dalla-dalla.

Abubuwan Bukatun Hardware

Dukansu uwar garken Minecraft da abokin ciniki suna da matukar buƙata akan albarkatun tsarin.
Lokacin zabar dandamali na kayan aiki, ya kamata ku tuna cewa na'ura mai sarrafawa da yawa ba zai samar da fa'ida mai yawa ba: ainihin uwar garken Minecraft na iya amfani da zaren ƙididdiga ɗaya kawai. Mahimmanci na biyu, duk da haka, zai zama da amfani: ana aiwatar da wasu plugins a cikin zaren daban-daban, kuma Java kuma yana cinye albarkatu da yawa ...

Saboda haka, don uwar garken Minecraft, yana da kyau a zaɓi na'ura mai sarrafawa wanda ke da mafi girman aikin guda ɗaya. Na'ura mai sarrafa dual-core mafi ƙarfi zai fi dacewa da na'ura mai mahimmanci mai yawa wanda ba shi da ƙarfi. A kan tattaunawa na musamman, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da na'urori masu sarrafawa tare da mitar agogo na akalla 3 GHz.

Don aiki na yau da kullun na uwar garken Minecraft, ana buƙatar babban adadin RAM. Bukkit yana ɗaukar kusan 1GB na RAM; Bugu da kari, ga kowane dan wasa, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, daga 5 zuwa 10 MB ana ware su. Plugins da mods kuma suna cinye ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da yawa. Don uwar garken da ke da 'yan wasa 30 - 50, saboda haka, kuna buƙatar aƙalla 4 GB na RAM.

A cikin Minecraft, da yawa (misali, loda plugins iri ɗaya) ya dogara da saurin tsarin fayil. Don haka, yana da kyau a zaɓi uwar garken da ke da faifan SSD. Da wuya faifan spindle su dace saboda ƙarancin saurin karatun bazuwar.

Gudun haɗin Intanet ɗin ku yana da mahimmanci sosai. Don wasan na mutane 40-50, tashar 10 Mb/s ya isa. Duk da haka, ga waɗanda suke shirin babban aikin ma'adinai, ciki har da gidan yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizo, da kuma taswirar taswira mai mahimmanci, yana da matukar sha'awar samun tashar tare da ƙarin bandwidth.

Wanne ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsari ya fi dacewa don zaɓar? Daga daidaitawa da muke bayarwa Muna ba da shawarar ku kula da waɗannan abubuwan:

Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 3GHz, 6GB RAM, 2x500GB SATA, 3000 RUR/wata;
Intel Core 2 Quad Q8300 2.5GHz, 6GB RAM, 2x500GB SATA, 3500 rub/wata. - muna amfani da wannan tsarin don uwar garken gwajin MineCraft, wanda zaku iya wasa yanzu (yadda ake yin wannan an rubuta a ƙasa);
Intel Core i3-2120 3.3GHz, 8GB RAM, 2x500GB SATA, 3500 RUR/wata.

Waɗannan saitunan sun dace sosai don ƙirƙirar uwar garken Minecraft don 'yan wasa 30-40. Wasu hasara shine rashin abubuwan tafiyarwa na SSD, amma muna ba da wata muhimmiyar fa'ida: tashoshi 100 Mb/s mai garantin ba tare da wani hani ko ƙima ba. Lokacin yin odar duk saitunan da aka jera a sama, babu kudin saitin.

Hakanan muna da ƙarin albarkatu, amma a lokaci guda, a zahiri, mafi tsada sabobin (lokacin yin odar waɗannan jeri, ba a cajin kuɗin shigarwa):

2x Intel Xeon 5130, 2GHz, 8GB RAM, 4x160GB SATA, 5000 rub/wata;
2x IntelXeon 5504, 2GHz, 12GB RAM, 3x1TB SATA, 9000 rub/wata.

Har ila yau, muna ba da shawarar kula da sabon tsarin kasafin kuɗi tare da SSD drive dangane da Intel Atom C2758 processor: Intel Atom C2758 2.4 GHz, 16 GB RAM, 2x240 GB SSD, 4000 rubles / watan, biya shigarwa - 3000 rubles.

Shigarwa da gudanar da uwar garken Bukkit akan OC Ubuntu

Kafin shigar da uwar garken, bari mu ƙirƙiri sabon mai amfani kuma mu ƙara shi zuwa rukunin sudo:

$ sudo useradd -m -s / bin/bash <sunan mai amfani> $ sudo adduser <sunan mai amfani> sudo

Na gaba, za mu saita kalmar sirrin da mai amfani da aka ƙirƙira zai haɗa zuwa uwar garken:

$ sudo passwd <sunan mai amfani>

Bari mu sake haɗawa da uwar garken a ƙarƙashin sabon asusu kuma mu fara shigarwa.
An rubuta Minecraft a cikin Java, don haka dole ne a shigar da Muhallin Runtime na Java akan uwar garken.

Bari mu sabunta jerin fakitin da ke akwai:

$ sudo apt-samun sabuntawa

Sannan gudanar da umarni mai zuwa:

$ sudo apt-samun shigar tsoho-jdk

Don shigarwa da gudanar da Bukkit, yana da kyau a shigar da multixer na tasha - alal misali, allon (zaka iya amfani da sauran mahara mahara na tashar - duba mu. обзор):

$ sudo dace-samun shigar allo

Za a buƙaci allo idan muka haɗa zuwa uwar garken wasan ta hanyar ssh. Tare da taimakonsa, za ku iya gudanar da uwar garken Minecraft a cikin wani taga mai ban sha'awa, kuma ko da bayan rufe abokin ciniki na ssh, uwar garken zai yi aiki.

Bari mu ƙirƙiri kundin adireshi inda za a adana fayilolin uwar garken a ciki:

$ mkdir bukkit $ cd bukkit

Bayan haka mu je Bukkit official website download page. A ɓangaren dama na shafin za ku iya ganin hanyar haɗi zuwa sabon shawarar gina uwar garken. Muna ba da shawarar zazzage shi:

$ wget <shawarar hanyar haɗin yanar gizo>

Yanzu bari mu kunna allon:

$sudo allo

kuma gudanar da umarni mai zuwa:

$ java -Xmx1024M -jar craftbukkit.jar -o karya

Bari mu bayyana ma'anar ma'anar sigogin da aka yi amfani da su:

Xmx1024M - matsakaicin adadin RAM kowace sabar;
jar craftbukkit.jar - maɓallin uwar garken;
o ƙarya - yana ba da damar shiga uwar garken daga abokan cinikin da aka sace.

Za a fara uwar garken.
Kuna iya dakatar da uwar garken ta buga umarnin tsayawa a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo.

Saita da daidaita uwar garken

Ana adana saitunan uwar garke a cikin uwar garken.properties sanyi fayil. Ya ƙunshi sigogi masu zuwa:

saitunan janareta - saita samfuri don ƙirƙirar duniyar superflat;
allow-nether - yana ƙayyade yiwuwar ƙaura zuwa Ƙasar Ƙasa. Ta hanyar tsoho, an saita wannan saitin zuwa gaskiya. Idan an saita zuwa karya, to duk 'yan wasa daga Nether za a motsa su zuwa na yau da kullun;
level-name - sunan babban fayil ɗin tare da fayilolin taswira waɗanda za a yi amfani da su yayin wasan. Babban fayil ɗin yana cikin kundin adireshi ɗaya inda fayilolin uwar garken suke. Idan babu irin wannan jagorar, uwar garken yana ƙirƙirar sabuwar duniya ta atomatik kuma ya sanya shi a cikin kundin adireshi mai suna iri ɗaya;
kunna-tambayi - lokacin da aka saita zuwa gaskiya, yana kunna tsarin GameSpy4 don sauraron sabar;
izinin tafiya - yana ba da damar tashi sama a duniya Minecraft. Ƙimar tsohowar ƙarya ce (an hana tashi sama);
uwar garken tashar jiragen ruwa - yana nuna tashar da uwar garken wasan za ta yi amfani da shi. Madaidaicin tashar jiragen ruwa na Minecraft shine 25565. Ba a ba da shawarar canza darajar wannan siga ba;
nau'in matakin - yana ƙayyade nau'in duniya (DEFAUT/FLAT/LARGEBIOMES);
kunna-rcon - yana ba da damar shiga nesa zuwa na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta uwar garke. Ta hanyar tsoho an kashe shi (ƙarya);
matakin-iri - bayanan shigar da matakin janareta. Don samun damar ƙirƙirar duniyar bazuwar, dole ne a bar wannan filin babu komai;
tilasta-gamemode - saita daidaitaccen yanayin wasan don 'yan wasan da ke haɗawa da uwar garke;
uwar garken-ip - yana nuna adireshin IP wanda 'yan wasa za su yi amfani da su don haɗawa da uwar garke;
max-build-height - yana nuna matsakaicin tsayin gini akan uwar garken. Dole ne ƙimarsa ta zama maɓalli na 16 (64, 96, 256, da sauransu);
spawn-npcs - damar (idan an saita zuwa gaskiya) ko haramta (idan an saita zuwa ƙarya) bayyanar NPCs a ƙauyuka;
white-list - yana ba da damar ko hana amfani da jerin fararen 'yan wasa akan sabar. Idan an saita zuwa gaskiya, mai gudanarwa zai iya ƙirƙirar jerin fararen ta hanyar ƙara sunayen laƙabi da hannu. Idan darajar karya ce, to duk mai amfani da ya san adireshin IP da tashar jiragen ruwa zai iya shiga uwar garken;
spawn-dabbobi - yana ba da damar haifuwa ta atomatik na ƙungiyoyin abokantaka idan an saita zuwa gaskiya);
snooper-enabled - damar uwar garken don aika ƙididdiga da bayanai ga masu haɓakawa;
hardcore - yana ba da damar yanayin Hardcore akan sabar;
texture-pac - fayil ɗin rubutu wanda za a yi amfani da shi lokacin da mai kunnawa ya haɗa zuwa uwar garken. Darajar wannan ma'auni shine sunan zip archive tare da laushi, wanda aka adana a cikin kundin adireshi ɗaya da uwar garken;
yanayin kan layi - yana ba da damar duba manyan asusun masu amfani da ke haɗawa da sabar. Idan an saita wannan siga zuwa gaskiya, masu riƙe da asusu masu ƙima kawai za su iya samun dama ga uwar garken. Idan an kashe tabbatar da asusun (saitin karya), to kowane mai amfani zai iya samun dama ga uwar garken (ciki har da, alal misali, 'yan wasan da suka karya sunan laƙabinsu), wanda ke haifar da ƙarin haɗarin tsaro. Lokacin da aka kashe dubawa, zaku iya kunna Minecraft ta hanyar sadarwar gida, ba tare da samun damar Intanet ba;
pvp - ba da izini ko hana 'yan wasa yaƙi da juna. Idan wannan sigar gaskiya ce, to, 'yan wasa za su iya halaka juna. Idan an saita zuwa ƙarya, 'yan wasa ba za su iya yin lahani kai tsaye ga juna ba;
wahala - yana saita matakin wahala na wasan. Zai iya ɗaukar dabi'u daga 0 (mafi sauƙi) zuwa 3 (mafi wahala);
gamemode - yana nuna yanayin wasan da za a saita don 'yan wasan da ke shiga uwar garken. Zai iya ɗaukar dabi'u masu zuwa: 0 - Tsira, 1-Mai ƙirƙira, 2-Kasa;
player-raco-timeout - lokacin rashin aiki (a cikin mintuna), bayan haka ana cire haɗin kai tsaye daga uwar garken;
max-yan wasa - matsakaicin adadin ƴan wasa da aka yarda akan sabar (daga 0 zuwa 999);
spawn-dodanni - yana ba da damar (idan an saita zuwa gaskiya) haɓakar ƙungiyoyin maƙiya;
samar da-tsari - sa (gaskiya) / disables (ƙarya) ƙarni na Tsarin (taskoki, kagara, ƙauyuka);
nesa-nisa - daidaita radius na sabunta chunks don aika zuwa mai kunnawa; na iya ɗaukar darajar daga 3 zuwa 15.

An rubuta rajistan ayyukan uwar garken Minecraft zuwa fayil ɗin uwar garken.log. Ana adana shi a cikin babban fayil iri ɗaya da fayilolin uwar garke. Login yana girma koyaushe cikin girma, yana ɗaukar sararin diski da ƙari. Kuna iya daidaita aikin hanyar shiga ta amfani da abin da ake kira juyawa log. Don juyawa, ana amfani da kayan aiki na musamman - logrotate. Yana iyakance adadin shigarwar cikin log ɗin zuwa ƙayyadaddun iyaka.

Kuna iya saita jujjuya log ɗin ta yadda za a share duk abubuwan da aka shigar da zaran fayil ɗin log ɗin ya kai ƙayyadaddun girman. Hakanan zaka iya saita lokaci bayan duk tsoffin shigarwar za a yi la'akari da rashin dacewa kuma an share su.

Saitunan juyawa na asali suna cikin fayil /etc/logrotate.conf; Bugu da kari, zaku iya ƙirƙirar saituna ɗaya don kowane aikace-aikacen. Ana adana fayiloli tare da saituna ɗaya a cikin directory /etc/logrotate.d.

Bari mu ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin rubutu /etc/logrotate.d/craftbukkit kuma shigar da sigogi masu zuwa a ciki:

/home/craftbukkit/server.log {juya 2 mako-mako damfara missingok notifempty}

Bari mu dubi ma’anarsu dalla-dalla:

ma'aunin juyawa yana ƙayyade adadin jujjuyawar kafin share fayil ɗin;
mako-mako yana nuna cewa za a yi jujjuyawar mako-mako (zaka iya saita wasu sigogi: kowane wata - kowane wata da kullun - kullun);
damfara yana ƙayyade cewa ya kamata a matsa rajistan ayyukan (zaɓi na baya shine nocompress);
missok yana nuna cewa idan babu fayil ɗin log, ya kamata ku ci gaba da aiki kuma kada ku nuna saƙonnin kuskure;
notifempty yana ƙayyadaddun kada a matsar da fayil ɗin log ɗin idan babu komai.

Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da saitunan jujjuya log a nan.

Tips ingantawa

Bari mu yi ajiyar wuri nan da nan cewa wannan sashe zai ba da shawarwari masu alaƙa kawai don inganta uwar garken wasan. Batutuwa na daidaitawa da inganta uwar garken da aka shigar da Minecraft wani batu ne daban wanda ya wuce iyakar wannan labarin; Masu karatu masu sha'awar suna iya samun bayanan da suke buƙata cikin sauƙi a Intanet.

Daya daga cikin mafi yawan matsalolin da ke tasowa lokacin kunna Minecraft shine abin da ake kira lags - yanayi lokacin da shirin ba ya amsa shigar da mai amfani a kan kari. Ana iya haifar da su ta hanyar matsaloli a gefen abokin ciniki da bangaren uwar garke. A ƙasa za mu ba da shawarwarin da za su taimaka rage yiwuwar matsalolin da ke faruwa a gefen uwar garke.

Saka idanu akai-akai akan yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar uwar garken da plugins

Ana iya lura da yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta amfani da plugins na musamman na gudanarwa - alal misali, LagMeter.

Kasance tare don sabunta plugin ɗin

A matsayinka na mai mulki, masu haɓaka sabbin plugins suna ƙoƙarin rage nauyi tare da kowane sabon sigar.

Gwada kar a yi amfani da plugins da yawa tare da ayyuka iri ɗaya

Manyan plugins (misali Mahimmanci, AdminCMD, CommandBook) galibi sun haɗa da ayyukan ƙarami da yawa. Misali, Essential iri ɗaya ya ƙunshi ayyuka na iConomy, uHome, OpenInv, VanishNoPacket, Kit plugins. Ƙananan plugins, aikin da aka rufe shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar aikin babban ɗaya, a mafi yawan lokuta ana iya cirewa don kada a yi amfani da uwar garke.

Ƙuntata taswirar kuma ka loda shi da kanka

Idan ba ku iyakance taswirar ba, nauyin da ke kan uwar garken zai ƙaru sosai. Kuna iya iyakance taswirar ta amfani da plugin Border Duniya. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar gudanar da wannan plugin ɗin kuma ku gudanar da umarnin /wb 200, sannan zana taswirar ta amfani da umarnin cika /wb.

Zane, ba shakka, zai ɗauki lokaci mai yawa, amma yana da kyau a yi shi sau ɗaya, rufe uwar garke don aikin fasaha. Idan kowane ɗan wasa ya zana taswirar, uwar garken zai yi aiki a hankali.

Sauya plugins masu nauyi tare da sauri da ƙarancin albarkatun albarkatu

Ba duk plugins na Minecraft ba za a iya kiran su da nasara: sau da yawa suna ƙunshe da ayyuka da yawa waɗanda ba dole ba kuma ba dole ba, wani lokacin kuma suna cinye ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai yawa. Yana da kyau a maye gurbin plugins marasa nasara tare da madadin (akwai da yawa daga cikinsu). Misali, ana iya maye gurbin plugin ɗin LWC tare da Wgfix+MachineGuard, da plugin ɗin DynMap tare da Mai duba Minecraft.

Koyaushe share digo ko shigar da plugin don cire digo ta atomatik

Juyawa a cikin wasanni abubuwa ne da ke faɗuwa lokacin da gungun mutane suka mutu ko kuma aka lalata wasu tubalan. Ajiyewa da sarrafa faduwa yana ɗaukar albarkatun tsarin da yawa.

Don sa uwar garken yayi aiki da sauri, yana da kyau a share digo. Ana yin wannan mafi kyau ta amfani da plugins na musamman - misali, NoLagg ko McClean.

Kada a yi amfani da maganin hana zamba

Ana shigar da abin da ake kira anti-cheats sau da yawa akan sabar wasan - shirye-shiryen da ke toshe yunƙurin rinjayar wasan ta hanyoyin rashin gaskiya.

Hakanan akwai anti-cheats don Minecraft kuma. Duk wani anti-cheat ko da yaushe ƙarin kaya ne akan sabar. Ya fi dacewa don shigar da kariya ga mai ƙaddamarwa (wanda, duk da haka, ba ya samar da cikakkiyar garantin tsaro kuma yana da sauƙin karya - amma wannan batu ne don tattaunawa daban) da kuma abokin ciniki.

Maimakon a ƙarshe

Duk wani umarni da shawarwarin sun zama mafi inganci idan an sami goyan bayan takamaiman misalai. Dangane da umarnin shigarwa da ke sama, mun ƙirƙiri sabar Minecraft namu kuma mun sanya wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa akan taswira.

Ga abin da muka samu:

Sabar Bukkit - sigar shawarar da aka ba da shawarar 1.6.4;
Ƙididdigar plugin - don tattara ƙididdiga game da 'yan wasa;
WorldBorder plugin - don zana da iyakance taswirar;
WorldGuard plugin (+WorldEdit azaman abin dogaro) - don kare wasu yankuna.

Muna gayyatar kowa da kowa don yin wasa akansa: don haɗawa, ƙara sabon uwar garken kuma shigar da adireshin mncrft.slc.tl.

Za mu yi farin ciki idan kun raba kwarewar ku na shigarwa, daidaitawa da haɓaka sabobin MineCraft a cikin sharhi kuma gaya mana waɗanne mods da plugins kuke sha'awar kuma me yasa.

Labari mai dadi: Daga 1 ga Agusta, an rage kuɗin shigarwa na sabar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun saiti da kashi 50%. Yanzu biya saitin lokaci ɗaya shine kawai 3000 rubles.

Ana gayyatar masu karatu waɗanda ba za su iya yin tsokaci ba a nan su ziyarce mu a блог.

source: www.habr.com

Ƙirƙirar da kafa uwar garken Minecraft