Tun da farko mu game da Ci gaba da Haɗuwa (CI). Mu ci gaba da Ci gaba da Bayarwa. Wannan tsari ne na hanyoyin haɓaka software. Yana taimakawa tabbatar da cewa lambar ku ta shirya don turawa.
/Pixabay/ /
История
Za a iya ganin jimlar ci gaba da isarwa a baya daga 2001 a farkon jerin ƙa'idodin asali: "Mafi fifiko shine warware matsalolin abokin ciniki ta hanyar ci gaba da isar da software na zamani."
A cikin 2010, Jez Humble da David Farley sun fito ta Ci gaba da Bayarwa. A cewar mawallafa, CD ɗin ya dace da tsarin kuma yana ba ku damar sauƙaƙe shirye-shiryen lambar don turawa.
Bayan buga littafin, tsarin ya fara samun farin jini kuma a cikin shekaru biyu kawai ya zama kusan karbuwa a duniya. Bisa lafazin , wanda aka gudanar tsakanin fiye da 600 masu haɓakawa da masu sarrafa IT a cikin 2014, 97% na manajojin fasaha da 84% na masu shirye-shirye sun saba da Isar da Ci gaba.
Yanzu wannan hanya ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi mashahuri. Dangane da binciken 2018 wanda ya shafi al'ummar IT DevOps da Jenkins Community, shi rabin masu amsa sama da dubu da aka bincika.
Ta yaya Ci gaba da bayarwa ke aiki?
Tushen CD shine shirye-shiryen lambar don turawa. Don cim ma wannan aikin, ana amfani da sarrafa kansa na tsarin shirya software don fitarwa. Ya kamata ya zama daidaitattun wurare daban-daban na ci gaba, wanda zai taimaka wajen gano maki masu rauni da sauri da inganta su. Misali, hanzarta gwaji.
Misalin tsarin Isarwa Ci gaba yayi kama da haka:
Idan tsarin haɗin kai na ci gaba yana da alhakin sarrafa sarrafa matakai biyu na farko, to Ci gaba da Isarwa shine ke da alhakin biyun na gaba. Ana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na tsari, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ta tsarin . Suna lura da canje-canje a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa, bayanan bayanai da abubuwan dogaro. Aiwatar da kanta na iya zama ta atomatik ko kuma yi da hannu.
Ana ɗora waɗannan buƙatun akan tsarin:
- Samun bayanai game da shirye-shiryen shigar da yanayin samarwa da shirye-shirye don saki nan da nan (kayan aikin CD sun gwada lambar kuma su sa ya yiwu a kimanta tasirin canje-canje a cikin saki).
- Gabaɗaya alhakin samfurin ƙarshe. Ƙungiyar samfurin - manajoji, masu haɓakawa, masu gwadawa - suyi tunani game da sakamakon, kuma ba kawai game da yankin da suke da alhakin ba (sakamakon sakin aiki ne wanda ke samuwa ga masu amfani da samfurin).
A cikin CD yawanci ana amfani da shi , kuma don tattara ra'ayoyin abokin ciniki - ka'idar . An fara fitar da sabon fasalin zuwa ƙaramin yanki na masu amfani - ƙwarewarsu ta hulɗa tare da samfurin yana taimakawa wajen nemo gazawa da kurakurai waɗanda ba a lura da su ba yayin gwaji na ciki.
Menene fa'idar
Ci gaba da Bayarwa yana taimakawa sauƙaƙe ƙaddamar da lambar, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau akan yawan aiki kuma yana rage yuwuwar ƙona ma'aikata. A ƙarshe, wannan yana rage yawan farashin ci gaba. Misali, CD ya taimaka wa ɗayan ƙungiyar HP irin wannan farashin da 40%.
Bugu da kari, bisa ga binciken 2016 (shafi na 28 ) - Kamfanonin da suka aiwatar da CD suna magance matsalolin tsaro na bayanai da sauri 50% fiye da waɗanda ba sa amfani da tsarin. Har zuwa wani lokaci, ana iya bayyana wannan bambanci ta hanyar aiwatar da kayan aikin sarrafa kansa.
Wani ƙari shine haɓakar sakewa. Ci gaba da bayarwa a ɗakin studio na ci gaban Finnish ƙara saurin taron lambar da kashi 25%.
Matsaloli masu yuwuwa
Matsala ta farko kuma babbar ita ce buƙatar sake gina hanyoyin da aka saba. Don nuna fa'idodin sabuwar hanyar, yana da daraja canzawa zuwa CD a hankali, farawa ba tare da aikace-aikacen da suka fi ƙarfin aiki ba.
Matsala mai yuwuwar ta biyu ita ce babban adadin rassan lambobin. Sakamakon "reshe" shine rikice-rikice akai-akai da ƙarin asarar lokaci mai yawa. Magani mai yiwuwa - hanya .
Musamman ma, a wasu kamfanoni manyan matsaloli suna tasowa tare da gwaji - yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa. Yawancin lokaci dole ne a yi nazarin sakamakon gwajin da hannu, amma mafita mai yiwuwa ita ce daidaita gwaje-gwajen a farkon matakan aiwatar da CD.
Hakanan ya kamata ku horar da ma'aikata don yin aiki da sabbin kayan aiki - shirin ilimi na farko zai ceci yunƙurin haɓakawa da lokaci.
/flickr/ /
Kayan aiki
Anan ga wasu buɗaɗɗen kayan aikin don Ci gaba da Bayarwa:
- - uwar garken don ci gaba da bayarwa a Java da JRuby akan Rails. Yana ba ku damar sarrafa duk tsarin isar da aikace-aikacen: gini-gwaji-saki. Ana rarraba kayan aiki a ƙarƙashin lasisin Apache 2.0. Za ka iya samun shi a kan official website .
- - tsarin ƙirƙirar rubutun da ke sarrafa sarrafa aikace-aikacen a cikin Ruby, Java ko PHP. Capistrano yana iya aiwatar da umarni akan na'ura mai nisa ta hanyar haɗa shi ta hanyar SSH. Yana aiki tare da sauran ci gaba da haɗin kai da kayan aikin bayarwa, kamar uwar garken Integrity CI.
- kayan aiki ne da yawa wanda ke sarrafa duk zagayowar ci gaban aikace-aikacen. Gradle yana aiki tare da Java, Python, C/C++, Scala, da sauransu. Akwai haɗin kai tare da Eclipse, IntelliJ da Jenkins.
- - Dandalin CD a cikin harshen Go. Ana iya tura drone a kan-gida ko a cikin gajimare. An gina kayan aikin a saman kwantena kuma yana amfani da fayilolin YAML don sarrafa su.
- - dandamali don ci gaba da isar da lambar a cikin tsarin girgije da yawa. Netflix ya haɓaka, injiniyoyin Google sun taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka kayan aikin. umarnin shigarwa .
Abin da za mu karanta a shafin yanar gizon mu:
source: www.habr.com