An ƙaddamar da na'urori biyu daga mai haɓakawa na Rasha "Kroks" don nazarin gwaji mai zaman kansa. Waɗannan ƙananan mitoci ne na mitar rediyo, wato: na'urar tantancewa tare da ginannen siginar sigina, da na'urar tantance hanyar sadarwa ta vector (reflectometer). Duk na'urorin biyu suna da kewayon har zuwa 6,2 GHz a cikin mitar babba.
Akwai sha'awar fahimtar ko waɗannan su ne kawai wani aljihu "mitar nuni" (kayan wasa), ko kuma na'urori masu mahimmanci, saboda masana'anta sun sanya su: - "Na'urar an yi niyya don amfani da rediyo mai son, tun da ba ƙwararrun kayan aunawa ba ne. .”
Hankali masu karatu! An gudanar da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ta hanyar masu son aiki, ba ta wata hanya da ke da'awar nazarin yanayin awo na kayan awo, bisa ma'auni na rajistar jihar da duk wani abu da ya shafi wannan. Masu son rediyo suna da sha'awar kallon ma'auni na na'urorin da aka saba amfani da su a aikace (antennas, filters, attenuators), kuma ba "abstractions" na ka'idar ba, kamar yadda aka saba a cikin ilimin lissafi, misali: nauyin da bai dace ba, layin watsawa mara kyau, ko sassan. An yi amfani da layin gajere, waɗanda ba a haɗa su cikin wannan gwajin ba.
Don guje wa tasirin tsangwama yayin kwatanta eriya, ana buƙatar ɗakin anechoic, ko sararin samaniya. Saboda rashin na farko, an gudanar da ma'auni a waje, duk eriya tare da tsarin shugabanci "sun kalli" sama, ana ɗora su a kan tudu, ba tare da ƙaura a sararin samaniya ba lokacin canza na'urori.
Gwaje-gwajen sun yi amfani da mai ba da abinci na coaxial na ajin aunawa, Anritsu 15NNF50-1.5C, da adaftan N-SMA daga sanannun kamfanoni: Midwest Microwave, Amphenol, Pasternack, Narda.
Ba a yi amfani da adaftan masu rahusa da Sinawa ke yi ba saboda yawan rashin sake saduwa da juna a lokacin sake haɗawa, haka kuma saboda zubar da rauni na murfin antioxidant, wanda suka yi amfani da shi maimakon platin zinari na al'ada ...
Don samun daidaitattun yanayin kwatance, kafin kowane aunawa, an daidaita kayan aikin tare da saiti iri ɗaya na OSL calibrators, a cikin rukunin mitoci iri ɗaya da kewayon zafin jiki na yanzu. OSL yana nufin “Buɗe”, “Short”, “Load”, wato, daidaitattun ka’idojin daidaitawa: “buɗewar gwajin da’ira”, “gwajin kewayawa” da “ƙarashe lodi 50,0 ohms”, waɗanda galibi ana amfani da su don daidaitawa. vector cibiyar sadarwa analyzers. Don tsarin SMA, mun yi amfani da kit ɗin daidaitawa na Anritsu 22S50, wanda aka daidaita a cikin kewayon mitar daga DC zuwa 26,5 GHz, hanyar haɗi zuwa takaddar bayanai (shafukan 49):
Don daidaita tsarin nau'in N, bi da bi Anritsu OSLN50-1, an daidaita shi daga DC zuwa 6 GHz.
Ƙarfin da aka auna a nauyin da ya dace na masu ƙira shine 50 ± 0,02 Ohm. An gudanar da ma'auni ta ƙwararrun ma'auni, madaidaicin matakin gwaje-gwaje daga HP da Fluke.
Don tabbatar da mafi kyawun daidaito, da kuma mafi daidaitattun yanayi a cikin gwaje-gwajen kwatankwacin, an shigar da nau'in bandwidth mai kama da IF akan na'urorin, saboda kunkuntar wannan rukunin, mafi girman daidaiton ma'auni da siginar-zuwa-amo. An kuma zaɓi mafi girman adadin wuraren dubawa (kusa da 1000).
Don sanin kanku da duk ayyukan na'urar tantancewa da ake tambaya, akwai hanyar haɗi zuwa bayanin umarnin masana'anta:
Kafin kowane ma'auni, duk abubuwan da suka dace a cikin masu haɗin coaxial (SMA, RP-SMA, nau'in N) an bincika su a hankali, saboda a mitoci sama da 2-3 GHz, tsabta da yanayin farfajiyar antioxidant na waɗannan lambobin sadarwa sun fara samun sananne sosai. tasiri akan sakamakon aunawa da kwanciyar hankali sake maimaitawar su. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a kiyaye yanayin waje na tsakiya na tsakiya a cikin haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa mai tsabta, da kuma mating na ciki na collet akan rabi na mating. Haka lamarin yake ga masu lanƙwasa. Irin wannan dubawa da tsaftacewar da ake bukata yawanci ana yin su ne a ƙarƙashin na'urar gani da ido, ko ƙarƙashin babban ruwan tabarau mai girma.
Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci don hana kasancewar ɓarkewar ƙarfe na ɓarke a saman masu haɓakawa a cikin haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwar coaxial, saboda sun fara gabatar da ƙarfin parasitic, yana tsoma baki sosai tare da wasan kwaikwayon da watsa siginar.
Misali na ƙaƙƙarfan toshewar masu haɗin SMA waɗanda ba a gani ga ido:
Dangane da buƙatun masana'anta na masu kera na'urorin haɗin gwiwar coaxial na microwave tare da nau'in haɗin zaren, lokacin da ake haɗawa, ba a ba da izinin juya cibiyar sadarwar tsakiya ta shiga collet ɗin da ke karɓar ta ba. Don yin wannan, dole ne a riƙe tushe axial na dunƙule-a kan rabin mai haɗin, ƙyale kawai jujjuyawar kwaya da kanta, kuma ba duka tsarin dunƙule ba. A lokaci guda, zazzagewa da sauran lalacewa na inji na abubuwan mating suna raguwa sosai, suna samar da ingantacciyar hulɗa da tsawaita adadin hawan keke.
Abin baƙin ciki shine, 'yan 'yan koyo sun san game da wannan, kuma galibi suna murƙushe shi gaba ɗaya, a duk lokacin da suke zazzage sirin da ya rigaya ya rigaya na saman layin masu aiki. Ana tabbatar da wannan koyaushe ta bidiyo masu yawa akan Yu.Tube, daga abin da ake kira "masu gwadawa" na sabbin kayan aikin microwave.
A cikin wannan bita na gwaji, duk haɗe-haɗe masu yawa na masu haɗin coaxial da calibrators an aiwatar da su sosai daidai da ƙa'idodin aiki na sama.
A cikin gwaje-gwajen kwatankwacin, an auna eriya daban-daban don duba karatun ma'aunin mitar a cikin mitoci daban-daban.
Kwatanta eriyar Uda-Yagi guda 7 na kewayon 433 MHz (LPD)
Tun da eriya na irin wannan ko da yaushe suna da wani wajen furta baya lobe, kazalika da dama gefen lobes, domin tsarkin gwajin, duk kewaye yanayi na rashin motsi musamman lura, har zuwa kulle cat a cikin gida. Ta yadda lokacin daukar hoto daban-daban akan nunin, ba zai iya yiwuwa ba ya ƙare a cikin kewayon lobe na baya, wanda hakan zai haifar da damuwa a cikin jadawali.
Hotunan sun ƙunshi hotuna daga na'urori uku, hanyoyi 4 daga kowannensu.
Hoton saman yana daga VR 23-6200, na tsakiya daga Anritsu S361E ne, kuma na ƙasa yana daga GenCom 747A.
Jadawalin VSWR:
Hotunan asarar da aka nuna:
Hotunan zane na impedance Wolpert-Smith:
Hotunan mataki:
Kamar yadda kake gani, jadawalai da aka samo suna kama da juna, kuma ƙimar ma'auni suna da watsewa cikin 0,1% na kuskure.
Kwatanta 1,2 GHz coaxial dipole
VSWR:
Koma asarar:
Taswirar Wolpert-Smith:
Mataki:
Anan, kuma, duk na'urori uku, bisa ga auna mitar sautin wannan eriyar, sun faɗi cikin 0,07%.
Kwatanta eriyar ƙahon 3-6 GHz
An yi amfani da kebul mai tsawo tare da masu haɗin nau'in N-nan, wanda ya ɗan gabatar da rashin daidaituwa a cikin ma'auni. Amma da yake aikin kawai kwatanta na'urori ne, ba igiyoyi ko eriya ba, to idan akwai matsala a hanyar, to na'urorin su nuna yadda suke.
Daidaita ma'aunin jirgin sama da la'akari da adaftar da mai ciyarwa:
VSWR a cikin band daga 3 zuwa 6 GHz:
Koma asarar:
Taswirar Wolpert-Smith:
Hotunan mataki:
5,8 GHz Kwatanta Polarization Eriya
VSWR:
Koma asarar:
Taswirar Wolpert-Smith:
Mataki:
Kwatanta ma'aunin VSWR na matatar LPF mai lamba 1.4 GHz
Tace bayyanar:
Jadawalin VSWR:
Kwatancen tsayin ciyarwa (DTF)
Na yanke shawarar auna sabon kebul na coaxial tare da masu haɗa nau'in N:
Yin amfani da ma'aunin tef na mita biyu a cikin matakai uku, na auna mita 3 da santimita 5.
Ga abin da na'urorin suka nuna:
Anan, kamar yadda suke faɗa, maganganun ba lallai ba ne.
Kwatanta daidaiton ginannen janareta na sa ido
Wannan hoton GIF ya ƙunshi hotuna 10 na karatun mitar Ch3-54. Babban rabin hotunan shine karatun VR 23-6200 na abin gwajin. Ƙananan rabi sigina ne da aka kawo daga Anritsu reflectometer. An zaɓi mitoci biyar don gwajin: 23, 50, 100, 150 da 200 MHz. Idan Anritsu ya ba da mitar tare da sifili a cikin ƙananan lambobi, to, ƙaramin VR ya ba da ɗan ƙaranci, yana girma da ƙima tare da haɓaka mitar:
Ko da yake, bisa ga halaye na masu sana'a, wannan ba zai iya zama wani "raguwa" ba, tun da bai wuce adadin lambobi biyu da aka bayyana ba, bayan alamar decimal.
Hotunan da aka tattara a cikin gif game da "adon" na cikin na'urar:
Sakamakon:
Fa'idodin na'urar VR 23-6200 ita ce ƙarancin farashi, ƙaƙƙarfan šaukuwa tare da cikakken yancin kai, ba buƙatar nuni na waje daga kwamfuta ko wayowin komai ba, tare da kewayon mitar mitar da aka nuna a cikin lakabin. Wani ƙari kuma shine gaskiyar cewa wannan ba scalar bane, amma cikakken vector mita. Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga sakamakon kwatancen ma'auni, VR kusan baya kasa da manya, shahararrun na'urori masu tsada sosai. A kowane hali, hawa kan rufin (ko mast) don duba yanayin feeders da eriya ya fi dacewa da irin wannan jariri fiye da na'ura mai girma da nauyi. Kuma a halin yanzu kewayon 5,8 GHz na zamani don tseren FPV (masu sarrafa radiyo da jiragen sama masu tashi sama, tare da watsa shirye-shiryen bidiyo akan allo zuwa gilashin ko nuni), gabaɗaya dole ne a samu. Tunda yana ba ku damar zaɓar mafi kyawun eriya cikin sauƙi daga waɗanda aka keɓe kai tsaye a kan tashi, ko ma a kan tashi tsaye ku daidaita eriyar da ta murƙushe bayan mota mai tashi ta faɗo. Ana iya cewa na'urar tana da "girman aljihu", kuma tare da ƙarancin mataccen nauyinta tana iya ratayewa cikin sauƙi ko da a kan na'urar ciyarwa ta bakin ciki, wanda ya dace yayin aiwatar da ayyukan filin da yawa.
Ana kuma lura da rashin amfani:
1) Babban koma baya na aiki na na'ura mai nuna alama shine rashin iyawa da sauri nemo mafi ƙanƙanta ko matsakaicin akan ginshiƙi tare da alamomi, ba tare da ambaton binciken "delta", ko bincike ta atomatik don mafi ƙarancin (ko baya) mafi ƙarancin / madaidaici.
Wannan shi ne musamman sau da yawa a cikin buƙata a cikin yanayin LMag da SWR, inda wannan ikon sarrafa alamomi ya yi rashin ƙarfi sosai. Dole ne ku kunna alamar a cikin menu mai dacewa, sannan ku matsar da alamar zuwa mafi ƙarancin lanƙwasa don karanta mita da ƙimar SWR a wannan lokacin. Wataƙila a cikin firmware na gaba mai ƙira zai ƙara irin wannan aikin.
1 a) Har ila yau, na'urar ba za ta iya sake sanya yanayin nuni da ake so don alamomi ba lokacin da ake sauyawa tsakanin hanyoyin aunawa.
Misali, na canza daga yanayin VSWR zuwa LMag (Return Loss), kuma alamomin har yanzu suna nuna ƙimar VSWR, yayin da a zahiri ya kamata su nuna ƙimar ƙirar ƙirar a dB, wato, abin da zaɓaɓɓen jadawali ke nunawa a halin yanzu.
Haka yake ga duk sauran hanyoyin. Don karanta ƙimar daidai da zaɓaɓɓen jadawali a cikin tebur mai alama, duk lokacin da kuke buƙatar sake sanya yanayin nuni da hannu don kowane alamomin 4. Yana kama da ƙaramin abu, amma ina son ɗan “auta da sarrafa kansa”.
1 b) A cikin mafi mashahurin yanayin ma'aunin VSWR, girman girman ba za a iya canzawa zuwa mafi cikakken bayani ba, ƙasa da 2,0 (misali, 1,5, ko 1.3).
2) Akwai ƙananan peculiarity a cikin rashin daidaituwa. Kamar yadda yake, akwai ko da yaushe "buɗe" ko "daidaitacce" calibration. Wato, babu wani daidaitaccen ikon yin rikodin ma'aunin calibrator, kamar yadda aka saba akan sauran na'urorin VNA. Yawancin lokaci a cikin yanayin daidaitawa, na'urar ta bi-da-bi-da-kai tana nuna kanta wanda ya kamata a shigar yanzu (na gaba) daidaitattun daidaitawa kuma karanta shi don lissafin kuɗi.
Kuma akan ARINST, ana ba da haƙƙin zaɓar duk dannawa guda uku don matakan rikodin lokaci guda, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin buƙatu na kulawa daga mai aiki yayin aiwatar da matakin daidaitawa na gaba. Ko da yake ban taba samun rudani ba, idan na danna maballin da bai dace da ƙarshen calibrator ɗin da aka haɗa a halin yanzu ba, akwai yuwuwar yin irin wannan kuskure cikin sauƙi.
Wataƙila a cikin haɓaka firmware na gaba, masu ƙirƙira za su “canza” wannan buɗe “daidaitacce” zaɓi a cikin “jeri” don kawar da kuskuren mai yiwuwa daga mai aiki. Bayan haka, ba tare da dalili ba cewa manyan kayan aiki suna amfani da tsari mai tsabta a cikin ayyuka tare da matakan daidaitawa, kawai don kawar da irin wannan kurakurai daga rudani.
3) Matsakaicin iyakar daidaita yanayin zafi. Idan Anritsu bayan calibration yana ba da kewayon (misali) daga +18 ° C zuwa + 48 ° C, to Arinst shine kawai ± 3 ° C daga yanayin zafin jiki, wanda zai iya zama ƙarami yayin aikin filin (waje), a cikin rana, ko a inuwa.
Misali: Na daidaita shi bayan abincin rana, amma kuna aiki tare da aunawa har zuwa maraice, rana ta tafi, yanayin zafi ya faɗi kuma karatun ba daidai bane.
Don wasu dalilai, saƙon tsayawa ba ya tashi yana cewa "sake daidaitawa saboda yanayin zafin da aka yi a baya yana wajen kewayon zafin jiki." Madadin haka, ma'aunin kuskure yana farawa da sifili da aka canza, wanda ke tasiri sosai ga sakamakon auna.
Don kwatanta, ga yadda Anritsu OTDR ya ruwaito shi:
4) Don cikin gida al'ada ne, amma ga wuraren buɗewa nunin yana da duhu sosai.
A rana ta waje, babu abin da za a iya karantawa kwata-kwata, ko da kun inuwar allo da tafin hannun ku.
Babu wani zaɓi don daidaita hasken nuni kwata-kwata.
5) Ina so in sayar da maɓallan kayan aikin ga wasu, tunda wasu ba sa amsa nan da nan don latsawa.
6) Na'urar tabawa ba ta amsawa a wasu wuraren, kuma a wasu wuraren tana da hankali sosai.
Ƙarshe akan VR 23-6200 reflectometer
Idan ba ku manne da minuses ba, to idan aka kwatanta da sauran kasafin kuɗi, šaukuwa da kuma samar da mafita a kasuwa, kamar RF Explorer, N1201SA, KC901V, RigExpert, SURECOM SW-102, NanoVNA - wannan Arinst VR 23-6200 yayi kama da zabi mafi nasara. Domin wasu ko dai suna da farashi wanda ba shi da araha sosai, ko kuma an iyakance shi a cikin mitar band don haka ba na duniya ba ne, ko kuma ainihin mitar nunin kayan wasan yara ne. Duk da girman kai da ƙarancin farashi, VR 23-6200 vector reflectometer ya zama na'urar abin mamaki mai ban mamaki, har ma da ɗaukar hoto. Idan da masana'antun sun kammala rashin amfani a cikinsa kuma sun ɗan faɗaɗa ƙananan ƙananan mitar ga masu son gajerun igiyoyin rediyo, da na'urar za ta ɗauki filin wasa a tsakanin dukkan ma'aikatan sassan duniya na wannan nau'in, saboda sakamakon zai kasance mai ɗaukar hoto mai araha: daga "KaVe zuwa eFPeVe", wato, daga 2 MHz akan HF (mita 160), har zuwa 5,8 GHz don FPV (santi 5). Kuma zai fi dacewa ba tare da hutu ba a cikin duka rukunin, sabanin abin da ya faru akan RF Explorer:
Babu shakka, ko da rahusa mafita nan da nan za su bayyana a cikin irin wannan fadi da mita, kuma wannan zai zama mai girma! Amma a yanzu (a lokacin Yuni-Yuli 2019), a cikin ra'ayi na tawali'u, wannan na'ura mai nuna alama ita ce mafi kyau a duniya, tsakanin šaukuwa da maras tsada, tallace-tallace da ake samu.
- Kashi na biyu
Spectrum analyzer tare da sa ido janareta SSA-TG R2
Na'urar ta biyu ba ta da ban sha'awa fiye da na'urar tantancewa.
Yana ba ku damar auna ma'aunin "ƙarshen-zuwa-ƙarshen" na na'urorin microwave daban-daban a cikin yanayin ma'aunin tashar tashar jiragen ruwa 2 (nau'in S21). Misali, zaku iya bincika aikin kuma ku auna daidai ƙimar abubuwan haɓakawa, amplifiers, ko adadin siginar attenuation (asara) a cikin attenuators, masu tacewa, igiyoyi na coaxial (masu ciyar da abinci), da sauran na'urori masu aiki da na'urori masu ƙarfi da kayayyaki, waɗanda ba za su iya zama ba. an yi shi da ma'aunin ma'aunin tashar jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya.
Wannan cikakken bayani ne mai nazartar bakan, yana rufe kewayon mitoci mai faɗi da ci gaba, wanda yayi nisa tsakanin kayan aikin mai son mara tsada. Bugu da kari, akwai ginannen janareta na sa ido na siginar rediyo, shima a cikin bakan. Har ila yau, taimakon da ya wajaba don na'urar tantancewa da mitar eriya. Wannan yana ba ku damar ganin ko akwai wata karkatacciyar mitar mai ɗaukar hoto a cikin masu watsawa, intermodulation parasitic, clipping, da sauransu....
Kuma samun janareta na sa ido da mai nazarin bakan, yana ƙara mai ba da hanya ta waje (ko gada), zai yuwu a auna VSWR iri ɗaya na eriya, kodayake a cikin yanayin ma'auni kawai, ba tare da la'akari da lokaci ba, kamar yadda zai kasance. harka da vector daya.
Hanyar haɗi zuwa jagorar masana'anta:
An kwatanta wannan na'urar musamman tare da hadaddun ma'aunin GenCom 747A, tare da iyakance mafi girma har zuwa 4 GHz. Hakanan yana shiga cikin gwaje-gwajen shine sabon madaidaicin mitar wutar lantarki Anritsu MA24106A, tare da tebur ɗin gyaran masana'anta don auna mitar da zafin jiki, wanda aka daidaita zuwa 6 GHz a mitar.
Shelyoyin amo na Spectrum analyzer, tare da madaidaicin “stub” a wurin shigarwa:
Mafi ƙarancin shine -85,5 dB, wanda ya juya ya kasance a cikin yankin LPD (426 MHz).
Bugu da ari, yayin da mitar ke ƙaruwa, ƙofar amo shima yana ƙaruwa kaɗan, wanda yake na halitta ne:
1500 MHz - 83,5 dB. 2400 MHz - 79,6 dB. A 5800 MHz - 66,5 dB.
Auna riba mai haɓaka Wi-Fi mai aiki bisa tsarin XQ-02A
Wani fasali na musamman na wannan ƙarfafawa shine kunnawa ta atomatik, wanda, lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki, ba ya ajiye amplifier a cikin jihar nan da nan. Ta hanyar rarrabuwar kawuna a kan babbar na'ura, mun sami damar gano bakin kofa don kunna ginanniyar aiki da kai. Ya juya cewa mai haɓakawa ya canza zuwa yanayin aiki kuma ya fara haɓaka siginar wucewa kawai idan ya fi 4 dBm (0,4mW):
Don wannan gwajin akan ƙaramin na'ura, matakin fitarwa na ginannen janareta, wanda ke da kewayon daidaitawa da aka rubuta a cikin halayen aikin, daga rage 15 zuwa debe 25 dBm, kawai bai isa ba. Kuma a nan muna buƙatar kamar yadda aka cire 4, wanda ya fi muhimmanci fiye da 15. Ee, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da amplifier na waje, amma aikin ya bambanta.
Na auna ribar da aka kunna mai kunnawa tare da babban na'ura, ya juya ya zama 11 dB, daidai da halayen aikin.
Don haka, ƙaramar na'ura ta sami damar gano adadin attenuation na mai haɓakawa da aka kashe, amma tare da amfani da wutar lantarki. Ya bayyana cewa mai ƙara kuzari ya raunana siginar wucewa zuwa eriya da sau 12.000. Don haka, da zarar ya tashi ya manta da samar da wutar lantarki ga na'ura mai haɓakawa na waje a kan lokaci, Longrange hexacopter, wanda ya tashi mita 60-70, ya tsaya kuma ya juya zuwa auto-dawo zuwa wurin tashi. Sa'an nan bukatar ya taso don gano ƙimar wucewa ta hanyar attenuation na amplifier da aka kashe. Ya juya ya zama kusan 41-42 dB.
Amo janareta 1-3500 MHz
Sauƙaƙan janareta na amo, wanda aka yi a China.
Kwatankwacin layi na karatu a cikin dB bai dace ba a nan, saboda yawan canjin girma a mitoci daban-daban da ya haifar da ainihin amo.
Amma duk da haka, yana yiwuwa a ɗauki jadawali mai kama da juna, kwatankwacin mitar amsa daga na'urorin biyu:
Anan an saita kewayon mitar akan na'urorin daidai, daga 35 zuwa 4000 MHz.
Kuma dangane da amplitude, kamar yadda kake gani, an samu irin wannan dabi'u.
Ta hanyar amsa mitar (ma'auni S21), tace LPF 1.4
An riga an ambaci wannan tace a farkon rabin bita. Amma a can aka auna VSWR, kuma a nan ne mitar amsawar watsawa, inda za ku iya ganin abin da kuma tare da abin da ya wuce, da kuma inda kuma nawa ya yanke.
Anan zaku iya gani daki-daki cewa na'urorin biyu sun yi rikodin amsa mitar wannan tace kusan iri ɗaya:
A mitar yankewa na 1400 MHz, Arinst ya nuna girman girman 1,4 dB (alamar shuɗi Mkr 4), da GenCom debe 1,79 dB (alama M5).
Aunawa attenuation na attenuators
Don ma'auni na kwatancen na zaɓi mafi daidaito, masu attenuators masu alama. Musamman ba na Sinawa ba, saboda yawan bambancinsu.
Mitar mitar har yanzu iri ɗaya ce, daga 35 zuwa 4000 MHz. An gudanar da daidaita yanayin ma'aunin tashar jiragen ruwa guda biyu kamar yadda aka tsara a hankali, tare da kulawar wajibi na matakin tsabta na duk lambobin sadarwa akan masu haɗin coaxial.
Sakamakon daidaitawa a matakin 0 dB:
An yi mitar samfurin tsaka-tsaki, a tsakiyar rukunin da aka bayar, wato 2009,57 MHz. Adadin wuraren dubawa shima daidai yake, 1000+1.
Kamar yadda kake gani, sakamakon ma'auni na misalin misalin 40 dB attenuator ya juya ya zama kusa, amma ɗan bambanta. Arinst SSA-TG R2 ya nuna 42,4 dB, da GenCom 40,17 dB, duk sauran abubuwa daidai suke.
Attenuator 30 dB
Arinst = 31,9 dB
GenCom = 30,08 dB
An sami kusan ƙaramin yaduwa irin wannan a cikin sharuddan kaso yayin auna sauran masu aunawa. Amma don adana lokacin mai karatu da sarari a cikin labarin, ba a haɗa su cikin wannan bita ba, tunda sun yi kama da ma'aunin da aka gabatar a sama.
Min da max hanya
Duk da ɗaukar nauyi da sauƙi na na'urar, duk da haka, masana'antun sun ƙara irin wannan zaɓi mai fa'ida kamar nuna ƙima mafi ƙanƙanta da mafi girman canjin waƙoƙi, waɗanda ke cikin buƙata tare da saituna daban-daban.
Hotuna guda uku da aka tattara a cikin hoton gif, ta yin amfani da misalin matatar LPF mai lamba 5,8 GHz, wanda haɗin gwiwa ya gabatar da gangan amo da hargitsi:
Waƙar rawaya ita ce matsananciyar lanƙwan shara.
Waƙar ja ita ce maxima da aka tattara a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya daga sharewar da ta gabata.
Waƙar kore mai duhu (launin toka bayan sarrafa hoto da matsawa) shine mafi ƙarancin amsawar mitar, bi da bi.
Ma'aunin Antenna VSWR
Kamar yadda aka ambata a farkon bita, wannan na'urar tana da ikon haɗa haɗin kai tsaye na waje, ko gadar aunawa da aka bayar daban (amma kawai har zuwa 2,7 GHz). Software yana samar da daidaitawar OSL don nuna wa na'urar inda ake magana akan VSWR.
Nunawa anan shine ma'auni na jagora tare da masu ciyar da ma'aunin lokaci-tsage, amma an riga an cire haɗin daga na'urar bayan kammala ma'aunin SWR. Amma a nan an gabatar da shi a cikin wani matsayi mai girma, don haka watsi da rashin daidaituwa tare da haɗin kai. An haɗa ma'auratan jagora zuwa hagu na na'urar, amma an juyar da su tare da alamomin baya. Sa'an nan kuma samar da igiyoyin abin da ya faru daga janareta (tashar jiragen ruwa na sama) da kuma cire igiyar da aka nuna zuwa shigar da na'urar nazari (ƙananan tashar jiragen ruwa) zai yi aiki daidai.
Haɗaɗɗen hotuna guda biyu suna nuna misalin irin wannan haɗin gwiwa da ma'aunin VSWR na eriyar da aka auna a baya a sama da madauwari ta nau'in "Clover", kewayon 5,8 GHz.
Tun da wannan ikon auna VSWR baya cikin manyan dalilan wannan na'urar, amma duk da haka akwai tambayoyi masu ma'ana game da shi (kamar yadda ake iya gani daga hoton allo na karatun nuni). Ma'auni mai ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ma'auni kuma mara canzawa don nuna hoton VSWR, tare da babban darajar har zuwa raka'a 6. Ko da yake jadawali yana nuna daidai daidai nuni na lanƙwan VSWR na wannan eriya, saboda wasu dalilai ba a nuna ainihin ƙimar alamar a ƙima ta lamba, goma da ɗari ba a nunawa. Ƙimar lamba kawai ake nunawa, kamar 1, 2, 3... Akwai saura, kamar yadda yake, rashin fahimtar sakamakon auna.
Kodayake don ƙididdige ƙididdiga, don fahimtar gabaɗaya ko eriya tana da sabis ko lalacewa, abin karɓa ne sosai. Amma kyakkyawan gyare-gyare a cikin aiki tare da eriya zai zama da wahala a yi, kodayake yana yiwuwa.
Auna daidaiton ginannen janareta
Kamar ma'aunin nuni, anan ma, wurare 2 ne kawai na daidaito aka bayyana a cikin ƙayyadaddun fasaha.
Duk da haka, yana da butulci don tsammanin cewa na'urar aljihun kasafin kuɗi za ta sami ma'aunin mitar rubidium a cikin jirgi. *emoticon murmushi*
Amma duk da haka, mai karatu mai bincike mai yiwuwa zai yi sha'awar girman kuskuren da ke cikin wannan ƙaramin janareta. Amma tunda ingantacciyar mitar mitar tana samuwa har zuwa 250 MHz kawai, na iyakance kaina don kallon mitoci 4 kawai a kasan kewayon, don kawai fahimtar yanayin kuskuren, idan akwai. Ya kamata a lura cewa hotuna daga wata na'ura kuma an shirya su a mafi girma mitoci. Amma don adana sarari a cikin labarin, su ma ba a haɗa su cikin wannan bita ba, saboda tabbatar da ƙimar kashi ɗaya na kuskuren da ke akwai a ƙananan lambobi.
An tattara hotuna huɗu na mitoci huɗu a cikin hoton gif, kuma don adana sarari: 50,00; 100,00; 150,00 da 200,00 MHz
Halin da girman kuskuren da ke akwai a bayyane yake a fili:
50,00 MHz yana da ɗan wuce gona da iri na mitar janareta, wato a 954 Hz.
100,00 MHz, bi da bi, kaɗan kaɗan, +1,79 KHz.
150,00 MHz, har ma fiye da +1,97 KHz
200,00 MHz, + 3,78 KHz
Bugu da ƙari, an auna mitar ta mai nazarin GenCom, wanda ya zama yana da mitar mitar mai kyau. Misali, idan janareta da aka gina a cikin GenCom bai isar da 800 hertz a mitar 50,00 MHz ba, to ba kawai mitar mitar waje ta nuna hakan ba, amma mai nazarin bakan da kansa ya auna daidai adadin:
A ƙasa akwai ɗayan hotunan nunin, tare da auna mitar janareta da aka gina a cikin SSA-TG R2, ta amfani da kewayon Wi-Fi na tsakiya na 2450 MHz a matsayin misali:
Don rage sarari a cikin labarin, Ban kuma buga wasu hotuna masu kama da nuni ba; a maimakon haka, taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen sakamakon aunawa sama da 200 MHz:
A mitar 433,00 MHz, abin da ya wuce ya kasance +7,92 kHz.
A mitar 1200,00 MHz, = +22,4 KHz.
A mitar 2450,00 MHz, = +42,8 kHz (a cikin hoton da ya gabata)
A mitar 3999,50 MHz, = +71,6 KHz.
Amma duk da haka, wurare biyu na goma da aka bayyana a cikin ƙayyadaddun masana'anta ana kiyaye su a fili a cikin kowane jeri.
Kwatancen girman sigina
Hoton gif da aka gabatar a ƙasa ya ƙunshi hotuna 6 inda Arinst SSA-TG R2 analyzer da kansa ya auna nasa oscillator a zaɓaɓɓen mitoci shida ba da gangan ba.
50 MHz -8,1 dBm; 200 MHz -9,0 dBm; 1000 MHz -9,6 dBm;
2500 MHz -9,1 dBm; 3999 MHz - 5,1 dBm; 5800 MHz -9,1 dBm
Ko da yake an bayyana girman girman janareta bai wuce 15 dBm ba, a zahiri sauran dabi'u suna bayyane.
Don gano dalilan wannan nunin girman, an ɗauki ma'auni daga janareta na Arinst SSA-TG R2, akan madaidaicin firikwensin Anritsu MA24106A, tare da sifili sifili akan nauyin da ya dace, kafin fara aunawa. Hakanan, duk lokacin da aka shigar da ƙimar mitar don daidaiton aunawa, la'akari da ƙididdiga, bisa ga tebur ɗin gyara don mita da zafin jiki da aka ɗinka daga masana'anta.
35 MHz -9,04 dBm; 200 MHz -9,12 dBm; 1000 MHz -9,06 dBm;
2500 MHz -8,96 dBm; 3999 MHz - 7,48 dBm; 5800 MHz -7,02 dBm
Kamar yadda kake gani, ƙimar girman siginar da janareta ya gina a cikin SSA-TG R2, mai nazarin yana da matakan da ya dace (don ajin daidaito mai son). Kuma amplitude na janareta da aka nuna a kasan nunin na'urar ya juya ya zama kawai "jawo", tun da yake a gaskiya ya juya don samar da matsayi mafi girma fiye da yadda ya kamata a cikin iyakoki masu daidaitawa daga -15 zuwa -25 dBm. .
Ina da shakku kan ko sabon Anritsu MA24106A firikwensin yana yaudara, don haka na yi kwatancen musamman da wani mai nazarin tsarin dakin gwaje-gwaje daga Janar Dynamics, samfurin R2670B.
Amma a'a, bambanci a cikin girman ya juya bai zama babba ba kwata-kwata, a cikin 0,3 dBm.
Mitar wutar lantarki a kan GenCom 747A kuma ya nuna, ba da nisa ba, cewa akwai wuce gona da iri daga janareta:
Amma a matakin 0 dBm, mai nazarin Arinst SSA-TG R2 saboda wasu dalilai ya zarce ma'auni na amplitude, kuma daga maɓuɓɓugar sigina daban-daban tare da 0 dBm.
A lokaci guda, firikwensin Anritsu MA24106A yana nuna 0,01 dBm daga ma'aunin Anritsu ML4803A.
Daidaita darajar attenuator attenuator akan allon taɓawa tare da yatsa bai yi kama da dacewa sosai ba, tunda tef ɗin tare da jerin yana tsallakewa ko sau da yawa yana komawa zuwa matsananciyar ƙimar. Ya zama mafi dacewa kuma ya fi dacewa don amfani da salo na zamani don wannan:
Lokacin kallon jituwa na siginar ƙarancin mitar 50 MHz, kusan kusan dukkanin rukunin aiki na na'urar bincike (har zuwa 4 GHz), an ci karo da wani "anomaly" a mitoci na kusan 760 MHz:
Tare da babban band a cikin mitar babba (har zuwa 6035 MHz), don haka Span ɗin zai zama daidai 6000 MHz, ana iya lura da anomaly:
Haka kuma, sigina iri ɗaya, daga wannan ginannen janareta a cikin SSA-TG R2, lokacin da aka ciyar da ita zuwa wata na'ura, ba ta da irin wannan anomaly:
Idan ba a lura da wannan anomaly a kan wani analyzer, to, matsalar ba a cikin janareta, amma a bakan analyzer.
Gine-ginen attenuator don attenuating amplitude na janareta a fili attenuate a 1 dB matakai, dukan 10 matakai. Anan a ƙasan allon za ku iya ganin waƙa a fili a kan tsarin lokaci, yana nuna aikin mai ɗaukar hoto:
Barin tashar fitarwa na janareta da tashar shigar da na'urar binciken da aka haɗa, na kashe na'urar. Kashegari, lokacin da na kunna ta, na sami sigina tare da jituwa na yau da kullun a mitar mai ban sha'awa na 777,00 MHz:
A lokaci guda kuma, an bar janareta. Bayan duba menu, hakika an kashe shi. A ka’ida, bai kamata a ce babu wani abu da ya bayyana a wurin fitar da janareta ba idan an kashe shi a jiya. Dole ne in kunna shi a kowane mita a menu na janareta, sannan in kashe shi. Bayan wannan aikin, bakon mitar yana ɓacewa kuma baya sake bayyana, amma sai a lokacin na gaba gabaɗayan na'urar ta kunna. Tabbas a cikin firmware na gaba mai sana'anta zai gyara irin wannan kunnawa kai tsaye a fitowar janareta da aka kashe. Amma idan babu kebul tsakanin tashoshin jiragen ruwa, to ko kadan ba za a iya gane cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne, sai dai amo ya dan yi sama kadan. Kuma bayan kunnawa da kashe janareta da ƙarfi, matakin ƙarar ya zama ƙasa kaɗan, amma ta adadin da ba a iya gane shi ba. Wannan ƙaramin koma baya ne na aiki, maganin da ke ɗaukar ƙarin daƙiƙa 3 bayan kunna na'urar.
Ana nuna ciki na Arinst SSA-TG R2 a cikin hotuna guda uku da aka tattara a gif:
Kwatanta girma tare da tsohon Arinst SSA Pro spectrum analyzer, wanda ke da wayo a saman azaman nuni:
Sakamakon:
Kamar yadda na baya Arinst VR 23-6200 reflectometer a cikin bita, da Arinst SSA-TG R2 analyzer da aka yi bitar anan shine, a daidai nau'in nau'i iri ɗaya da girma, ƙarami amma babban mataimaki ga mai son rediyo. Hakanan baya buƙatar nunin waje akan kwamfuta ko wayar hannu kamar samfuran SSA na baya.
Mitar mitar mai faɗi mai faɗi sosai, mara sumul kuma mara yankewa, daga 35 zuwa 6200 MHz.
Ban yi nazarin ainihin rayuwar batir ba, amma ƙarfin baturin lithium da aka gina ya isa tsawon rayuwar batir.
Ƙananan kuskure a ma'auni don na'urar irin wannan ƙaramin aji. A kowane hali, ga matakin mai son ya fi isa.
Goyan bayan masana'anta, duka tare da firmware da gyare-gyare na jiki, idan ya cancanta. An riga an sami ko'ina don siye, wato, ba bisa tsari ba, kamar yadda wani lokaci yakan faru da sauran masana'antun.
An kuma lura da rashin amfani:
Ba a ƙididdigewa ba kuma ba a rubuta ba, samar da siginar kai tsaye tare da mitar 777,00 MHz zuwa fitowar janareta. Tabbas za a kawar da irin wannan rashin fahimta tare da firmware na gaba. Ko da yake idan kun san wannan fasalin, ana iya kawar da shi cikin sauƙi a cikin daƙiƙa 3 ta hanyar kunnawa da kashe na'urorin da aka gina a ciki kawai.
Allon taɓawa yana ɗaukar ɗan sabawa da shi, tunda faifan ba ya kunna duk maɓallan kama-da-wane nan da nan idan kun motsa su. Amma idan ba ku motsa masu nunin faifai ba, amma nan da nan danna kan matsayi na ƙarshe, to komai yana aiki nan da nan kuma a sarari. Wannan ba ragi ba ne, amma a maimakon haka “fasalin” na abubuwan da aka zana, musamman a cikin menu na janareta da ma'aunin sarrafawar attenuator.
Lokacin da aka haɗa ta Bluetooth, mai binciken yana da alama yana samun nasarar haɗawa zuwa wayar hannu, amma baya nuna waƙar jadawali na amsa mitar, kamar tsohuwar SSA Pro, misali. Lokacin haɗawa, duk buƙatun umarnin an kiyaye su sosai, wanda aka bayyana a cikin sashe na 8 na umarnin masana'anta.
Na yi tunanin cewa tun lokacin da aka karɓi kalmar wucewa, ana nuna tabbacin sauyawa akan allon wayar, to watakila wannan aikin shine kawai haɓaka firmware ta wayar hannu.
Amma a'a.
Batun umarni 8.2.6 yana faɗi a sarari:
8.2.6. Na'urar za ta haɗa zuwa kwamfutar hannu / wayar hannu, jadawali na siginar siginar da saƙon bayani game da haɗawa da na'urar ConnectedtoARINST_SSA zai bayyana akan allon, kamar yadda yake a cikin Hoto 28. (c)
Ee, tabbaci yana bayyana, amma babu waƙa.
Na sake haɗawa sau da yawa, duk lokacin da waƙar ba ta bayyana ba. Kuma daga tsohuwar SSA Pro, kai tsaye.
Wani hasara dangane da sanannen “versatility”, saboda ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun mitocin aiki, bai dace da masu son rediyo na gajeriyar igiyar ruwa ba. Don RC FPV, sun cika kuma gaba ɗaya sun gamsar da buƙatun masu son koyo da wadata, har ma fiye da haka.
Ƙarshe:
Gabaɗaya, duka na'urorin biyu sun bar kyakkyawan ra'ayi, tunda da gaske suna ba da cikakkiyar tsarin aunawa, aƙalla ma ga masu son rediyo. Ba a tattauna manufar farashin a nan ba, amma duk da haka yana da hankali ƙasa da sauran mafi kusancin analogues akan kasuwa a cikin irin wannan rukunin mitar mai faɗi da ci gaba, wanda ba zai iya yin farin ciki ba.
Manufar bitar ita ce kawai don kwatanta waɗannan na'urori tare da ƙarin kayan aunawa na ci gaba, da kuma ba wa masu karatu damar karanta bayanan hotuna, don samar da nasu ra'ayi da yanke shawara mai zaman kanta game da yiwuwar sayan. Babu shakka ba a bi wata manufar talla ba. Ƙimar ɓangare na uku kawai da buga sakamakon kallo.
source: www.habr.com