Da zuwan na’urori na zamani na Intel Core na ƙarni na bakwai, ya bayyana wa mutane da yawa cewa dabarar “Tick-tock” da Intel ke bi duk tsawon wannan lokacin ta ci tura. Alkawarin rage tsarin fasaha daga 14 zuwa 10 nm ya kasance alkawari, dogon zamanin "Taka" Skylake ya fara, lokacin da Kaby Lake (ƙarni na bakwai), kwatsam Coffee Lake (na takwas) ya faru tare da ɗan canji a cikin tsarin fasaha. daga 14 nm zuwa 14 nm+ har ma da Refresh Lake Coffee (na tara). Da alama Intel yana buƙatar ɗan hutun kofi. Sakamakon haka, muna da na'urori masu sarrafawa da yawa na tsararraki daban-daban, waɗanda suka dogara akan microarchitecture iri ɗaya na Skylake, a gefe guda. Kuma tabbacin Intel cewa kowane sabon processor ya fi na baya, akan ɗayan. Gaskiya, ba a bayyana dalilin da ya sa daidai ba ...
Don haka mu koma zamaninmu. Kuma bari mu ga yadda suka bambanta.
Kaby Lake
Bayyanar masu sarrafawa a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki ya faru a farkon 2017. Menene sabo a cikin wannan iyali dangane da magabata? Da farko, wannan shi ne wani sabon graphics core - Intel UHD 630. Plus goyon baya ga Intel Optane memory fasaha (3D Xpoint), kazalika da wani sabon 200 jerin chipset (na 6th tsara aiki tare da 100 jerin). Kuma wannan shine duk sabbin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa.
Coffee Lake
An saki ƙarni na 8, mai suna Coffee Lake, a ƙarshen 2017. A cikin na'urori na wannan ƙarni, an ƙara cores da daidaitaccen cache na matakin uku, Turbo Boost ya haɓaka ta megahertz 200, an ƙara tallafi don DDR4-2666 (a da akwai DDR4-2400), amma an yanke tallafi ga DDR3. Jigon zane ya kasance iri ɗaya, amma an ba shi 50 MHz. Don duk haɓakar mitoci dole ne mu biya ta ƙara kunshin zafi zuwa 95 watts. Kuma, ba shakka, sabon 300 jerin chipset. Ƙarshen ba lallai ba ne, tun da ba da daɗewa ba ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sun sami damar ƙaddamar da wannan iyali akan nau'ikan kwakwalwan kwamfuta 100, kodayake wakilan Intel sun bayyana cewa hakan ba zai yiwu ba saboda ƙirar wutar lantarki. Daga baya, duk da haka, Intel a hukumance ya yarda cewa ba daidai ba ne. To menene sabo a cikin iyali na 8? A zahiri, yana kama da sabuntawa na yau da kullun tare da ƙari na ƙira da mitoci.
Refresh Lake Lake
Ha! Ga refresh a gare mu! A cikin kwata na huɗu na 2018, 9th ƙarni na Coffee Lake an saki, sanye take da kariyar kayan aiki daga wasu raunin Meltdown/Spectre. Canje-canjen kayan aikin da aka yi wa sabbin kwakwalwan kwamfuta suna kariya daga Meltdown V3 da L1 Terminal Fault (L1TF Foreshadow). Canje-canje na software da microcode suna kare kariya daga harin Specter V2, Meltdown V3a da V4. Kariya daga Specter V1 za a ci gaba da yin faci a matakin tsarin aiki. Gabatar da facin matakin guntu yakamata ya rage tasirin facin software akan aikin sarrafawa. Amma Intel ya aiwatar da duk wannan farin ciki tare da kariya kawai a cikin masu sarrafawa don ɓangaren kasuwa mai yawa: i5-9600k, i7-9700k, i9-9900k. Kowa, gami da mafita na uwar garken, ba su sami kariyar kayan aiki ba. A karon farko a cikin tarihin na'urori masu sarrafa na'ura na Intel, na'urorin Refresh Coffee Lake suna tallafawa har zuwa 128 GB na RAM. Kuma shi ke nan, babu sauran canje-canje.
Menene muke da shi a cikin layin ƙasa? Shekaru biyu na wartsakewa, wasa tare da muryoyi da mitoci, da tarin ƙananan haɓakawa. Lallai ina son in tantance da kwatancen ayyukan manyan wakilan wadannan iyalai. Don haka lokacin da nake da tsarin tsara na bakwai zuwa na tara a hannu - i7-7700 da i7-7700k kwanan nan sabbin i7-8700, i7-9700k da i9-9900k suka shiga, na yi amfani da yanayin kuma na sanya biyar daban-daban. Intel Core masu sarrafawa suna nuna abin da suke iya.
Gwaji
Na'urorin sarrafa Intel guda biyar suna cikin gwaji: i7-7700, i7-7700k, i7-8700, i7-9700k, i9-9900k.
Halayen ayyuka na dandamali
Intel i7-8700, i7-9700k da i9-9900k masu sarrafawa suna da tsari iri ɗaya:
- Motherboard: Asus PRIME H310T (BIOS 1405),
- RAM: 16 GB DDR4-2400 MT/s Kingston guda 2, duka 32 GB.
- Driver SSD: 240 GB Patriot Burst 2 guda a cikin RAID 1 (al'ada ta haɓaka tsawon shekaru).
Intel i7-7700 da i7-7700k masu sarrafawa suma suna aiki akan dandamali ɗaya:
- Motherboard: Asus H110T (BIOS 3805),
- RAM: 8 GB DDR4-2400MT/s Kingston guda 2, duka 16 GB.
- Driver SSD: 240 GB Patriot Burst 2 guda a cikin RAID 1.
Muna amfani da chassis na al'ada wanda tsayinsa raka'a 1,5 ne. Suna gina dandamali guda hudu.
Sashin software: OS CentOS Linux 7 x86_64 (7.6.1810).
Ядро: 3.10.0-957.1.3.el7.x86_64
Anyi ingantawa dangane da daidaitaccen shigarwa: ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka don ƙaddamar da lif na kernel = noop selinux=0.
Ana yin gwaji tare da duk faci daga hare-haren Specter, Meltdown da Foreshadow waɗanda aka dawo da su zuwa wannan kwaya. Maiyuwa ne sakamakon gwajin akan sabbin kwayayen Linux na yanzu na iya bambanta da waɗanda aka samu, kuma sakamakon zai fi kyau. Amma, da farko, ni da kaina na fi son CentOS 7, kuma, na biyu, RedHat yana rayayye yana ba da sabbin abubuwa masu alaƙa da tallafin kayan masarufi daga sabbin kernels zuwa LTS ɗin sa. Abin da nake fata ke nan :)
Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don bincike
- sysbench
- Geekbench
- Suite na Gwajin Phoronix
gwajin Sysbench
Sysbench fakitin gwaje-gwaje ne (ko ma'auni) don tantance aikin tsarin tsarin kwamfuta daban-daban: processor, RAM, na'urorin adana bayanai. Gwajin yana da zare da yawa, akan dukkan nau'ikan ƙira. A cikin wannan gwajin na auna alamomi guda biyu:
- Abubuwan saurin CPU a cikin daƙiƙa guda - adadin ayyukan da na'ura mai sarrafawa ke yi a sakan daya: mafi girman ƙimar, mafi yawan tsarin.
- Ƙididdiga na gaba ɗaya jimlar adadin abubuwan da suka faru - jimlar adadin abubuwan da aka kammala. Mafi girman lambar, mafi kyau.
Gwajin Geekbench
Kunshin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a cikin nau'i-nau'i-ɗaya da nau'i-nau'i masu yawa. A sakamakon haka, an fitar da wani takamaiman aikin aiki don duka hanyoyin biyu. A ƙasa akwai hanyoyin haɗi zuwa sakamakon gwaji. A cikin wannan gwajin za mu kalli manyan alamomi guda biyu:
- Maki guda ɗaya - Gwaje-gwaje masu zaren guda ɗaya.
- Multi-Core Score - gwaje-gwaje masu zare da yawa.
Raka'a na ma'auni: abstract "parrots". Yawancin "parrots", mafi kyau.
Phoronix Test Suite
Phoronix Test Suite babban tarin gwaji ne. Duk da cewa an gudanar da duk gwaje-gwaje daga kunshin pts / cpu, zan gabatar da sakamakon kawai waɗanda na samu musamman ban sha'awa, musamman tunda sakamakon gwajin da aka tsallake yana ƙarfafa yanayin gaba ɗaya.
Kusan duk gwaje-gwajen da aka gabatar anan suna da zaren da yawa. Keɓance guda biyu ne kawai: gwaje-gwaje masu zare guda ɗaya Himeno da LAME MP3 Encoding.
A cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, mafi girman lambar, mafi kyau.
- John the Ripper Multi-threaded kalmar sirri gwaji gwajin. Bari mu ɗauki Blowfish crypto algorithm. Yana auna adadin ayyuka a cikin daƙiƙa guda.
- Gwajin Himeno mai warware matsalolin matsa lamba na Poisson na layi ne ta amfani da hanyar maki Jacobi.
- 7-Zip Compression - Gwajin 7-Zip ta amfani da p7zip tare da fasalin gwajin aiki da aka haɗa.
- OpenSSL saitin kayan aikin da ke aiwatar da SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) da TLS (Transport Layer Security) ladabi. Yana auna aikin RSA 4096-bit OpenSSL.
- Apache Benchmark - Gwajin yana auna yawan buƙatun daƙiƙa ɗaya tsarin da aka bayar zai iya ɗauka yayin aiwatar da buƙatun 1, tare da buƙatun 000 suna gudana lokaci guda.
Kuma a cikin waɗannan, idan ƙasa ta fi kyau
- C-Ray yana gwada aikin CPU akan lissafin maki. Wannan gwajin yana da zaren da yawa (fitilar zaren 16 a kowace cibiya), zai harba haskoki 8 daga kowane pixel don anti-aliasing kuma ya haifar da hoto 1600x1200. Ana auna lokacin aiwatar da gwajin.
- Daidaici BZIP2 Matsi - Gwajin yana auna lokacin da ake buƙata don damfara fayil (Linux kernel source code .tar kunshin) ta amfani da matsawa BZIP2.
- Rufe bayanan sauti da bidiyo. Gwajin Encoding na LAME MP3 yana gudana a cikin zare ɗaya, yayin da gwajin ffmpeg x264 yana gudanar da zaren da yawa. Ana auna lokacin da aka ɗauka don kammala gwajin.
Kamar yadda kuke gani, ɗakin gwaji ya ƙunshi gwaje-gwajen roba zalla waɗanda ke ba ku damar nuna bambanci tsakanin na'urori masu sarrafawa yayin aiwatar da wasu ayyuka, misali, danna kalmomin shiga, shigar da abun cikin mai jarida, cryptography.
Gwajin roba, sabanin gwajin da aka yi a karkashin yanayin da ke kusa da gaskiya, yana iya tabbatar da wani tsaftataccen gwajin. A gaskiya, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa zabi ya fadi a kan synthetics.
Yana yiwuwa lokacin da za a warware matsaloli na musamman a cikin yanayin fama za ku iya samun sakamako mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki, amma har yanzu "zazzabi na gaba ɗaya a asibiti" zai kasance kusa da abin da na samu daga sakamakon gwajin. Hakanan yana yiwuwa idan na kashe kariyar Specter / Meltdown lokacin gwada na'urori masu sarrafawa na ƙarni na 9, zan iya samun kyakkyawan sakamako. Amma, duban gaba, zan ce sun riga sun nuna kansu sun kasance masu kyau.
Spoiler: cores, zaren da mitoci za su yi mulkin roost.
Tun kafin gwaji, na yi nazari a hankali a kan gine-ginen waɗannan iyalai masu sarrafa kayan aikin, don haka ina tsammanin ba za a sami bambance-bambance mai mahimmanci tsakanin abubuwan gwajin ba. Haka kuma, ba mahimmanci ba kamar na ban mamaki: me yasa ake jira alamun ban sha'awa a cikin gwaje-gwaje idan kuna aiwatar da ma'auni akan na'urori masu sarrafawa, a zahiri, akan cibiya guda ɗaya. Abin da na yi tsammani ya cika, amma har yanzu wasu abubuwa ba su kasance kamar yadda nake tunani ba...
Kuma yanzu, a zahiri, sakamakon gwajin.
Sakamakon yana da ma'ana sosai: duk wanda ke da ƙarin rafi da mitoci mafi girma yana samun maki. Saboda haka, i7-8700 da i9-9900k suna gaba. Rata tsakanin i7-7700 da i7-7700k shine 10% a cikin gwaje-gwaje masu zare guda ɗaya da masu zare da yawa. I7-7700 yana bayan i7-8700 ta 38% kuma daga i9-9900k da 49%, wato kusan sau 2, amma a lokaci guda rashin bayan i7-9700k shine kawai 15%.
Hanyoyin haɗi zuwa sakamakon gwaji:
Sakamakon gwaji daga The Phoronix Test Suite
A cikin gwajin John The Ripper, bambanci tsakanin 'yan'uwan tagwaye i7-7700 da i7-7700k shine 10% don goyon bayan "k", saboda bambancin Turboboost. Masu sarrafa i7-8700 da i7-9700k suna da ɗan bambanci sosai. I9-9900k ya fi kowa da kowa tare da ƙarin zaren da kuma saurin agogo mafi girma. Kusan ninki biyu na adadin tagwaye.
Sakamakon gwajin C-Ray a gare ni shine mafi ban sha'awa. Kasancewar fasahar Hyper-Treading a cikin i9-9900k a cikin wannan gwajin zaren da yawa yana ba da ɗan ƙara kaɗan dangane da i7-9700k. Amma tagwayen sun kusan sau 2 a bayan shugaban.
A cikin gwajin Himeno mai zare guda ɗaya, bambancin bai yi girma ba. Akwai gagarumin tazara tsakanin tsararraki na 8 da 9 daga tagwaye: i9-9900k ya fi su da 18% da 15%, bi da bi. Bambanci tsakanin i7-8700 da i7-9700k shine matakin kuskure.
Tagwayen sun wuce gwajin matsawa na 7zip 44-48% mafi muni fiye da jagora i9-9900k. Saboda mafi girman adadin zaren, i7-8700 ya fi i7-9700k da 9%. Amma wannan bai isa ya wuce i9-9900k ba, don haka muna ganin raguwar kusan 18%.
Gwajin lokacin matsawa ta amfani da algorithm BZIP2 yana nuna sakamako iri ɗaya: rafi suna nasara.
Rufin MP3 shine "tsani" tare da iyakar iyaka na 19,5%. Amma a cikin gwajin ffmpeg, i9-9900k ya yi hasara ga i7-8700 da i7-9700k, amma ya doke tagwaye. Na maimaita wannan gwajin sau da yawa don i9-9900k, amma sakamakon koyaushe iri ɗaya ne. Wannan ya riga ya zama ba zato ba tsammani :) A cikin gwajin da aka yi da nau'i-nau'i masu yawa, mafi yawan nau'i-nau'i na na'urorin da aka gwada sun nuna irin wannan ƙananan sakamako, ƙananan fiye da na 9700k da 8700. Babu cikakkun bayanai game da wannan sabon abu, kuma ban ' t son yin zato.
Gwajin openssl yana nuna "tsani" mai rata tsakanin gudu na biyu da na uku. Bambanci tsakanin tagwaye da jagora i9-9900k daga 42% zuwa 47%. Rata tsakanin i7-8700 da i9-9900k shine 14%. Babban abu shine kwarara da mitoci.
A cikin gwajin Apache, i7-9700k ya fi kowa kyau, gami da i9-9900k (6%). Amma a cikin sharuddan gabaɗaya, bambancin ba shi da mahimmanci, kodayake akwai rata na 7% tsakanin mummunan sakamakon i7700-7 da mafi kyawun sakamako na i9700-24k.
Gabaɗaya, i9-9900k shine jagora a yawancin gwaje-gwaje, yana kasawa kawai a cikin ffmpeg. Idan za ku yi aiki da bidiyo, yana da kyau a ɗauki i7-9700k ko i7-8700. A matsayi na biyu a cikin gabaɗayan matsayi shine i7-9700k, dan kadan a bayan jagora, har ma da gaba a cikin gwajin ffmpeg da apache. Don haka ina ba da tabbaci da ƙarfin gwiwa da shi da i9-9900k ga waɗanda ke fuskantar manyan kwararar masu amfani akai-akai akan rukunin yanar gizon. Masu sarrafawa kada su gaza. Na riga na fada game da bidiyon.
I7-8700 yana aiki da kyau a cikin gwajin Sysbench, 7zip da ffmpeg.
A cikin duk gwaje-gwaje, i7-7700k ya fi i7-7700 daga 2% zuwa 14%, a cikin gwajin ffmpeg 16%.
Bari in tunatar da ku cewa ban yi wani ingantawa ba sai waɗanda aka nuna a farkon, wanda ke nufin cewa lokacin da kuka shigar da tsaftataccen tsari akan Dedik da kuka saya daga gare mu, zaku sami sakamako iri ɗaya daidai.
Cores, zaren, mitoci - komai namu
Gabaɗaya, sakamakon sun kasance masu tsinkaya kuma ana tsammanin. A kusan dukkanin gwaje-gwaje, "hanyar hawa zuwa sama" ya bayyana, yana nuna dogara ga yawan ƙididdiga, zaren da mitoci: ƙarin wannan, sakamako mafi kyau.
Tunda duk abubuwan gwajin da gaske suna wartsakewa iri ɗaya akan tsarin masana'antu iri ɗaya kuma basu da bambance-bambancen gine-gine na asali, ba mu sami damar samun "shaida mai ban sha'awa" cewa na'urori masu sarrafawa sun bambanta da juna.
Bambanci tsakanin i7-9700k da i9-9900k na'urori masu sarrafawa a cikin duk gwaje-gwaje banda Sysbench yana kula da sifili, tun da gaske sun bambanta kawai a gaban fasahar Hyper-Threading da ƙarin ƙarin megahertz ɗari a cikin yanayin Turbo Boost don i9-9900k. A cikin gwajin Sysbench kawai akasin haka: ba yawan adadin abubuwan da ke yanke hukunci ba, amma adadin zaren.
Akwai babban gibi sosai a cikin gwaje-gwaje masu zare da yawa tsakanin i7-7700 (k) da i9-9900k, a wasu wurare kamar ninki biyu. Hakanan akwai bambanci tsakanin i7-7700 da i7-7700k - ƙarin 300 MHz yana ƙara ƙarfi ga ƙarshen.
Hakanan ba zan iya magana game da tasirin ingancin girman ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar cache akan sakamakon gwaji ba - muna da abin da muke da shi. Haka kuma, ingantaccen kariya na dangin Specter/Meltdown yakamata ya rage tasirin ƙarar sa akan sakamakon gwajin, amma wannan ba tabbas bane. Idan masoyi mai karatu ya bukaci “breast da circus” daga sashen tallanmu, zan yi farin cikin fitar da ku gwajin tare da nakasassu na tsaro.
A gaskiya, idan ka tambaye ni: wane processor za ka zaba? — Da farko zan ƙidaya kuɗin da ke cikin aljihuna in zaɓi wanda ya isa. A takaice, zaku iya samun daga batu A zuwa aya B a cikin Zhiguli, amma a cikin motar Mercedes har yanzu yana da sauri kuma yana da daɗi. Masu sarrafawa bisa tsarin gine-gine iri ɗaya, wata hanya ko wata, za su iya jimre da ayyuka iri ɗaya - wasu da kyau, wasu kuma masu kyau. Ee, kamar yadda gwaji ya nuna, babu bambance-bambancen duniya tsakanin su. Amma rata tsakanin i7 da i9 bai tafi ba.
Lokacin zabar na'ura don wasu takamaiman ayyuka na musamman, kamar aiki tare da mp3, tattarawa daga tushe, ko yin fage mai girma uku tare da sarrafa haske, yana da ma'ana a mai da hankali kan aikin gwaje-gwajen da suka dace. Misali, masu zanen kaya nan da nan za su iya duba i7-9700k da i9-9900k, kuma ga hadadden lissafi su dauki na’ura mai sarrafa kwamfuta mai fasahar Hyper-Threading, wato duk wani masarrafa sai i7-9700k. Rarraba mulki a nan.
Don haka ina ba ku shawara ku zaɓi abin da za ku iya, la'akari da ƙayyadaddun bayanai, kuma za ku yi farin ciki.
Gwajin sun yi amfani da sabar bisa i7-7700, i7-7700k, i7-8700k, i7-9700k da i9-9900k masu sarrafawa tare da . Ana iya yin oda kowane ɗayansu tare da rangwamen 5% na watanni 3 - lamba tare da lambar kalmar "Ni daga Habr nake." Lokacin biya kowace shekara, rage wani 10%.
Duk maraice a cikin fage , Mai sarrafa tsarin FirstDEDIC
source: www.habr.com