Mun riga mun duba VLANs na gida a cikin darasin bidiyo na kwanaki 11, 12 da 13 kuma a yau za mu ci gaba da nazarin su daidai da batutuwa na ICND2. Na yi rikodin bidiyon da ya gabata, wanda ya nuna ƙarshen shirye-shiryen jarrabawar ICND1, watanni da suka gabata kuma duk wannan lokacin har zuwa yau na shagala sosai. Ina ganin da yawa daga cikinku sun yi nasarar cin wannan jarrabawa, wadanda suka dage jarabawar za su iya jira har zuwa karshen kashi na biyu na kwas din sannan su yi kokarin cin nasarar jarrabawar CCNA 200-125.
Da darasin bidiyo na yau “Ranar 34” za mu fara jigon kwas ɗin ICND2. Mutane da yawa suna tambayata me yasa ba mu rufe OSPF da EIGRP ba. Gaskiyar ita ce, waɗannan ƙa'idodin ba a haɗa su cikin batutuwan kwas ɗin ICND1 kuma ana nazarin su a shirye-shiryen wuce ICND2. Daga yau za mu fara gabatar da batutuwan kashi na biyu na kwas din, kuma, ba shakka, za mu yi nazarin huda OSPF da EIGRP. Kafin fara batun yau, ina so in yi magana game da tsarin darussan bidiyo na mu. Lokacin gabatar da batutuwan ICND1, ban kiyaye samfuran da aka yarda da su ba, amma kawai na yi bayanin abin a hankali, tunda na yi imani cewa wannan hanyar ta fi sauƙi a fahimta. Yanzu, lokacin karatun ICND2, bisa ga buƙatar ɗalibai, zan fara gabatar da kayan horo daidai da tsarin koyarwa da tsarin kwas ɗin Cisco.
Idan kun je gidan yanar gizon kamfanin, zaku ga wannan shirin da gaskiyar cewa an raba dukkan kwas ɗin zuwa manyan sassa 5:
- Fasahar sauya hanyar sadarwar gida (26% na kayan ilimi);
- Fasahar zirga-zirga (29%);
- Fasahar sadarwa ta duniya (16%);
- Ayyukan ababen more rayuwa (14%);
- Kula da ababen more rayuwa (15%).
Zan fara da kashi na farko. Idan ka danna menu mai saukewa a dama, za ka iya ganin cikakkun batutuwan wannan sashe. Koyarwar bidiyo ta yau za ta rufe batutuwan Sashe na 1.1: “Tsaita, Tabbatarwa, da Magance VLANs (Na yau da kullun/Tsarin Rage) Mai Rarraba Sauyawa da yawa” da Sashe na 1.1a “Mashigai Mashigai (Bayanai da Murya)” da 1.1.b “Tsoffin VLANs” .
Bayan haka, zan yi ƙoƙari in yi riko da wannan ƙa’idar gabatarwa, wato kowane darasi na bidiyo za a keɓe shi ne a wani sashe da ƙananan sashe, idan kuma babu isassun abubuwa, zan haɗa batutuwan ɓangarori da yawa a darasi ɗaya, don Misali, 1.2 da 1.3. Idan akwai abubuwa da yawa a cikin wannan sashe, zan raba shi zuwa bidiyo biyu. A kowane hali, za mu bi tsarin karatun kwas ɗin kuma zaka iya kwatanta bayanin kula cikin sauƙi da tsarin tsarin Cisco na yanzu.
Za ka iya ganin sabon tebur na akan allon, wannan shine Windows 10. Idan kana son haɓaka Desktop ɗinka tare da widget iri-iri, zaku iya kallon bidiyona mai suna "Pimp Your Desktop", inda na nuna muku yadda ake canza kwamfutarku bisa ga tsarin. bukatunku. Ina buga bidiyo irin wannan a wata tashar, ExplainWorld, don haka zaku iya amfani da hanyar haɗin da ke saman kusurwar dama ta dama kuma ku san abin da ke cikinta.
Kafin fara darasi, ina roƙonku kada ku manta kuyi sharing da like na bidiyo na. Ina kuma so in tunatar da ku abokan hulɗar mu a shafukan sada zumunta da kuma hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo na sirri. Kuna iya rubuto mani ta imel, kuma kamar yadda na fada a baya, mutanen da suka ba da gudummawa a gidan yanar gizon mu za su sami fifiko wajen karɓar amsa na.
Idan baku bada gudummawa ba, ba komai, zaku iya barin ra'ayoyinku a ƙasan koyarwar bidiyo akan tashar YouTube kuma zan amsa su gwargwadon iyawa.
Don haka, a yau, bisa ga jadawalin Cisco, za mu dubi tambayoyin 3: kwatanta Default VLAN, ko tsoho VLAN, tare da VLAN Native, ko "na asali" VLAN, gano yadda VLAN na al'ada (na yau da kullum VLAN) ya bambanta daga Extended VLAN networks da kuma Bari mu dubi bambanci tsakanin Data VLAN da Voice VLAN. Kamar yadda na ce, mun riga mun yi nazarin wannan batu a cikin jerin abubuwan da suka gabata, amma a zahiri, yawancin ɗalibai har yanzu suna da wahalar tantance bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan VLAN. A yau zan bayyana wannan ta hanyar da kowa zai iya fahimta.
Bari mu dubi bambanci tsakanin Default VLAN da Native VLAN. Idan ka ɗauki sabon Cisco canza tare da saitunan masana'anta, zai sami 5 VLANs - VLAN1, VLAN1002, VLAN1003, VLAN1004 da VLAN1005.
VLAN1 shine tsoho VLAN don duk na'urorin Cisco, kuma VLANs 1002-1005 an tanada su don Token Ring da FDDI. Ba za a iya share VLAN1 ko sake suna ba, ba za a iya ƙara masarrafar musaya ba, kuma duk tashoshin canjawa suna cikin wannan hanyar sadarwa ta tsohuwa har sai an saita su daban. Ta hanyar tsoho, duk masu sauyawa zasu iya magana da juna saboda duk wani ɓangare ne na VLAN1. Wannan shine ma'anar "Default VLAN".
Idan ka shiga cikin saitunan canza SW1 kuma ka sanya hanyoyin sadarwa guda biyu zuwa cibiyar sadarwar VLAN20, za su zama wani ɓangare na cibiyar sadarwar VLAN20. Kafin mu fara darasin na yau, ina ba ku shawara mai karfi da ku yi bitar kashi na 11,12, 13 da XNUMX da aka ambata a sama domin ba zan maimaita menene VLANs da yadda suke aiki ba.
Zan tunatar da ku cewa ba za ku iya sanya musaya ta atomatik zuwa cibiyar sadarwar VLAN20 ba har sai kun ƙirƙira ta, don haka da farko kuna buƙatar shiga cikin yanayin daidaitawa na duniya kuma ƙirƙirar VLAN20. Kuna iya duba saitunan saitunan CLI kuma ku ga abin da nake nufi. Da zarar kun sanya waɗannan tashoshin guda biyu zuwa VLAN2, PC20 da PC1 za su sami damar yin hulɗa da juna saboda duka biyun VLAN2 ɗaya ne. Amma har yanzu PC20 zai kasance wani ɓangare na VLAN3 don haka ba zai iya sadarwa da kwamfutoci akan VLAN1 ba.
Muna da na biyu sauya SW2, daya daga cikin musaya wanda aka sanya don aiki tare da VLAN20, kuma PC5 an haɗa zuwa wannan tashar jiragen ruwa. Tare da wannan tsarin haɗin, PC5 ba zai iya sadarwa da PC4 da PC6 ba, amma kwamfutocin biyu suna iya sadarwa da juna saboda suna cikin VLAN1 iri ɗaya.
Duk maɓallai biyun suna haɗe da akwati ta hanyar tashoshin jiragen ruwa da aka daidaita. Ba zan sake maimaita kaina ba, kawai zan faɗi cewa duk tashar tashar jiragen ruwa an daidaita su ta tsohuwa don yanayin trunking ta amfani da ka'idar DTP. Idan kun haɗa kwamfuta zuwa wata tashar jiragen ruwa, to wannan tashar jiragen ruwa za ta yi amfani da yanayin shiga. Idan kana son canza tashar tashar da PC3 ke da alaƙa da wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar shigar da umarnin shiga yanayin switchport.
Don haka, idan kun haɗa maɓallai biyu zuwa juna, suna samar da akwati. Manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda biyu na SW1 za su wuce zirga-zirgar VLAN20 kawai, tashar tashar ƙasa za ta wuce zirga-zirgar VLAN1 kawai, amma haɗin gangar jikin zai wuce ta duk zirga-zirgar da ke wucewa ta hanyar sauyawa. Don haka, SW2 zai karɓi zirga-zirga daga duka VLAN1 da VLAN20.
Kamar yadda kuke tunawa, VLANs suna da mahimmancin gida. Saboda haka, SW2 ya san cewa zirga-zirgar da ke zuwa tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta VLAN1 daga PC4 za a iya aika ta zuwa PC6 ne kawai ta tashar jiragen ruwa wanda kuma na VLAN1 ne. Duk da haka, lokacin da maɓalli ɗaya ya aika da zirga-zirga zuwa wani maɓalli a kan akwati, dole ne ya yi amfani da hanyar da ke bayyana wa mai sauyawa na biyu wane nau'i ne. A matsayin irin wannan tsarin, ana amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta Native VLAN, wacce ke haɗe zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa kuma tana wucewa ta hanyar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa.
Kamar yadda na fada a baya, maɓalli yana da hanyar sadarwa guda ɗaya kawai wanda ba zai iya canzawa ba - wannan shine tsohuwar hanyar sadarwar VLAN1. Amma ta tsohuwa, Native VLAN shine VLAN1. Menene Native VLAN? Wannan hanyar sadarwa ce da ke ba da izinin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa daga VLAN1, amma da zaran tashar jirgin ruwa ta karɓi zirga-zirga daga kowace hanyar sadarwa, a cikin yanayinmu VLAN20, dole ne a sanya ta. Kowane firam yana da adireshin da aka nufa DA, adireshin tushen SA, da alamar VLAN mai ɗauke da ID na VLAN. A cikin yanayinmu, wannan ID yana nuna cewa wannan zirga-zirgar ta VLAN20 ce, don haka ana iya aika ta ta tashar VLAN20 kawai kuma an ƙaddara ta PC5. Za a iya cewa VLAN ta asali ita ce ta yanke shawarar ko ya kamata a sanya alamar zirga-zirga ko kuma ba ta da alama.
Ka tuna cewa VLAN1 tsoho ne na Native VLAN saboda ta tsohuwa duk tashar jiragen ruwa suna amfani da VLAN1 azaman VLAN na asali don ɗaukar zirga-zirgar da ba a haɗa su ba. Duk da haka, Default VLAN VLAN1 ne kawai, hanyar sadarwar da ba za a iya canzawa ba. Idan maɓalli ya karɓi firam ɗin da ba a lakafta su ba a tashar jirgin ruwa, zai sanya su ta atomatik zuwa ga Native VLAN.
A taƙaice, a cikin maɓalli na Cisco zaka iya amfani da kowane VLAN azaman VLAN na asali, misali, VLAN20, kuma VLAN1 kawai za'a iya amfani dashi azaman Default VLAN.
A yin haka, muna iya samun matsala. Idan muka canza Native VLAN don tashar tashar jirgin ruwa na farkon sauyawa zuwa VLAN20, tashar jiragen ruwa za ta yi tunani: "Tun da yake wannan VLAN ne na Native, to, zirga-zirgar sa ba ya buƙatar alamar" kuma zai aika da zirga-zirgar hanyar sadarwa na VLAN20. tare da gangar jikin zuwa canji na biyu. Canja SW2, da samun wannan zirga-zirga, zai ce: “Mai girma, wannan zirga-zirgar ba ta da tag. Bisa ga saitunana, VLAN na asali shine VLAN1, wanda ke nufin in aika da wannan zirga-zirgar da ba ta da alama akan VLAN1." Don haka SW2 kawai zai tura zirga-zirgar da aka karɓa zuwa PC4 da PC-6 ko da yake an ƙaddara ta PC5. Wannan zai haifar da babbar matsalar tsaro saboda zai haɗu da zirga-zirgar VLAN. Shi ya sa dole ne a daidaita VLAN guda ɗaya a koyaushe akan tashoshin gangar jikin guda biyu, wato, idan Native VLAN na tashar tashar SW1 VLAN20 ce, to dole ne a saita VLAN20 iri ɗaya azaman VLAN na Native akan tashar tashar SW2.
Wannan shine bambancin dake tsakanin Native VLAN da Default VLAN, kuma kuna buƙatar tuna cewa duk VLANs na asali a cikin akwati dole ne su dace (bayanin fassarar: don haka, yana da kyau a yi amfani da hanyar sadarwa banda VLAN1 a matsayin Native VLAN).
Mu kalli wannan ta mahangar mai sauya sheka. Kuna iya shiga cikin maɓalli kuma ku rubuta taƙaitaccen umarni na show vlan, bayan haka zaku ga cewa duk tashar jiragen ruwa na sauya suna da alaƙa da Default VLAN1.
A ƙasa an nuna ƙarin VLANs guda 4: 1002,1003,1004 da 1005. Wannan kuma Default VLAN ne, zaku iya ganin wannan daga sunan su. Su ne tsoffin cibiyoyin sadarwa saboda an tanadar su don takamaiman cibiyoyin sadarwa - Token Ring da FDDI. Kamar yadda kake gani, suna cikin yanayi mai aiki, amma ba a goyan bayan su, saboda cibiyoyin sadarwar ma'auni da aka ambata ba su da alaka da sauyawa.
Ba za a iya canza sunan "tsoho" na VLAN 1 ba saboda tsohuwar hanyar sadarwa ce. Tunda ta hanyar tsohuwa duk tashoshin sauya sheka suna cikin wannan hanyar sadarwa, duk masu sauyawa suna iya sadarwa da juna ta tsohuwa, wato, ba tare da buƙatar ƙarin saitin tashar jiragen ruwa ba. Idan kana son haɗa mai sauyawa zuwa wata cibiyar sadarwa, ka shigar da yanayin saitunan duniya kuma ka ƙirƙiri wannan cibiyar sadarwar, misali, VLAN20. Ta danna "Enter", za ku je zuwa saitunan cibiyar sadarwar da aka ƙirƙira kuma za ku iya ba ta suna, misali, Gudanarwa, sannan ku fita saitunan.
Idan yanzu kun yi amfani da taƙaitaccen umarni na show vlan, za ku ga cewa muna da sabuwar hanyar sadarwa ta VLAN20, wacce ba ta dace da kowane tashar jiragen ruwa ba. Domin sanya takamaiman tashar tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa wannan hanyar sadarwa, kuna buƙatar zaɓin dubawa, misali, int e0/1, je zuwa saitunan wannan tashar jiragen ruwa kuma shigar da damar shiga yanayin switchport da umarnin shiga vlan20.
Idan muka tambayi tsarin don nuna matsayin VLANs, za mu ga cewa tashar tashar Ethernet 0/1 yanzu an yi niyya don cibiyar sadarwa na Gudanarwa, wato, an motsa shi ta atomatik daga yankin tashar jiragen ruwa da aka sanya ta hanyar tsoho zuwa VLAN1.
Ka tuna cewa kowane tashar jiragen ruwa na iya samun VLAN Data guda ɗaya kawai, don haka ba zai iya tallafawa VLAN guda biyu a lokaci guda ba.
Yanzu bari mu kalli Native VLAN. Ina amfani da show int akwati umurnin kuma ga cewa tashar jiragen ruwa Ethernet0/0 an kasaftawa ga wani akwati.
Ban buƙatar yin wannan da gangan ba saboda ka'idar DTP ta sanya wannan keɓancewa ta atomatik don trunking. Tashar tashar jiragen ruwa tana cikin yanayin kyawawa, ɗaukar hoto na nau'in n-isl ne, yanayin tashar tashar jiragen ruwa yana trunking, hanyar sadarwar ita ce Native VLAN1.
Mai zuwa yana nuna kewayon lambobin VLAN 1-4094 da aka ba da izini don tayarwa kuma yana nuna cewa muna da cibiyoyin sadarwa na VLAN1 da VLAN20 suna aiki. Yanzu zan shiga cikin yanayin daidaitawa na duniya kuma in buga umarnin int e0/0, godiya ga wanda zan je saitunan wannan ƙirar. Ina ƙoƙari na tsara wannan tashar jiragen ruwa da hannu don yin aiki a cikin yanayin akwati tare da umarnin akwati na yanayin switchport, amma tsarin bai karɓi umarnin ba, yana mai da martani da cewa: "Ba za a iya canza yanayin da ke da yanayin rufe akwati ta atomatik zuwa yanayin akwati ba."
Don haka, dole ne in fara saita nau'in rufe akwati, wanda na yi amfani da umarnin rufe akwati na switchport. Tsarin yana ba da tsokaci tare da yuwuwar sigogi don wannan umarni:
dot1q - a lokacin trunking, tashar jiragen ruwa tana amfani da 802.1q ganga encapsulation;
isl-a lokacin trunking, tashar tashar jiragen ruwa tana amfani da ƙwanƙwasawa kawai na ka'idar Cisco ISL ta mallaka;
Tattaunawa - na'urar tana rufe kullun tare da kowace na'urar da aka haɗa da wannan tashar jiragen ruwa.
Dole ne a zaɓi nau'in rufewa iri ɗaya a kowane ƙarshen gangar jikin. Ta hanyar tsoho, maɓalli daga cikin akwatin yana goyan bayan nau'in dot1q kawai, tunda kusan duk na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa suna goyan bayan wannan ma'auni. Zan tsara tsarin mu don haɗa gangar jikin bisa ga wannan ma'auni ta amfani da umarnin kundiwar gandun dajin dot1q, sannan in yi amfani da umarnin gangar jikin da aka ƙi a baya. Yanzu an tsara tashar tashar mu don yanayin gangar jikin.
Idan an kafa akwati ta hanyar sauyawar Sisiko guda biyu, za a yi amfani da ka'idar ISL ta mallaka ta tsohuwa. Idan sauyi ɗaya yana goyan bayan dot1q da ISL, kuma na biyu kawai dot1q, gangar jikin za a canza ta atomatik zuwa yanayin rufewa dot1q. Idan muka sake duba sigogin trunking, za mu iya ganin cewa yanayin ɓarna na Et0/0 ya canza yanzu daga n-isl zuwa 802.1q.
Idan muka shigar da show int e0/0 switchport umurnin, za mu ga duk matsayi sigogi na wannan tashar jiragen ruwa.
Kuna ganin cewa ta hanyar tsoho VLAN1 shine "cibiyar sadarwa ta asali" na Native VLAN don tayar da kaya, kuma yanayin alamar zirga-zirga na Native VLAN yana yiwuwa. Na gaba, Ina amfani da umarnin int e0/0, je zuwa saitunan wannan dubawa kuma buga akwati na switchport, bayan haka tsarin yana ba da alamu game da yuwuwar sigogi na wannan umarnin.
An ba da izini yana nufin cewa idan tashar jiragen ruwa tana cikin yanayin gangar jikin, za a saita halayen VLAN da aka yarda. Encapsulation yana ba da damar trunking encapsulation idan tashar jiragen ruwa tana cikin yanayin gangar jikin. Ina amfani da ma'auni na asali, wanda ke nufin cewa a cikin yanayin akwati tashar tashar jiragen ruwa za ta kasance da halaye na asali, kuma shigar da maɓallin switchport na asali na VLAN20. Don haka, a cikin yanayin akwati, VLAN20 zai zama VLAN na asali don wannan tashar jiragen ruwa na farkon sauyawa SW1.
Muna da wani canji, SW2, don tashar jirgin ruwa wanda ake amfani da VLAN1 azaman VLAN na asali. Yanzu kun ga cewa ka'idar CDP tana nuna saƙo cewa an gano rashin daidaituwa na VLAN na Native a ƙarshen gangar jikin: tashar tashar jirgin ruwa ta farko ta hanyar Ethernet0/0 tana amfani da Native VLAN20, kuma tashar tashar jirgin ruwa ta canji ta biyu tana amfani da Native VLAN1. . Wannan yana nuna bambance-bambancen tsakanin VLAN na Native da Default VLAN.
Bari mu fara duban yau da kullun da tsawaita kewayon VLANs.
Na dogon lokaci, Cisco kawai yana goyan bayan kewayon lambar VLAN 1 zuwa 1005, tare da kewayon 1002 zuwa 1005 da aka tanada ta tsohuwa don Token Ring da FDDI VLANs. An kira waɗannan cibiyoyin sadarwa na yau da kullun VLANs. Idan kun tuna, VLAN ID alama ce ta 12-bit wanda ke ba ku damar saita lamba har zuwa 4096, amma saboda dalilai masu dacewa Cisco kawai yayi amfani da lambobi har zuwa 1005.
Tsawaita kewayon VLAN ya haɗa da lambobi daga 1006 zuwa 4095. Ana iya amfani da shi akan tsofaffin na'urori kawai idan sun goyi bayan VTP v3. Idan kana amfani da VTP v3 da tsawaita kewayon VLAN, dole ne ka kashe tallafi don VTP v1 da v2, saboda sigar farko da ta biyu ba za su iya aiki da VLANs ba idan an ƙidaya su sama da 1005.
Don haka idan kuna amfani da Extended VLAN don tsofaffin maɓallai, VTP dole ne ya kasance a cikin yanayin "desable" kuma kuna buƙatar saita shi da hannu don VLAN, in ba haka ba sabunta bayanan VLAN ba zai iya faruwa ba. Idan za ku yi amfani da Extended VLAN tare da VTP, kuna buƙatar nau'in VTP na uku.
Bari mu kalli matsayin VTP ta amfani da umarnin halin vtp show. Kuna ganin cewa sauyawa yana aiki a yanayin VTP v2, tare da goyan bayan nau'ikan 1 da 3 mai yiwuwa. Na sanya shi sunan yankin nwking.org.
Yanayin sarrafawa na VTP - uwar garken yana da mahimmanci a nan. Kuna iya ganin cewa matsakaicin adadin VLANs masu tallafi shine 1005. Don haka, zaku iya fahimtar cewa wannan canjin ta tsohuwa yana goyan bayan kewayon VLAN na yau da kullun.
Yanzu zan rubuta show vlan short kuma za ku ga VLAN20 Management, wanda aka ambata a nan saboda wani bangare ne na VLAN database.
Idan na tambayi yanzu don nuna tsarin na'urar na yanzu tare da umarnin gudu na show, ba za mu ga wani ambaton VLANs ba saboda suna kunshe ne kawai a cikin bayanan VLAN.
Na gaba, Ina amfani da umarnin yanayin vtp don saita yanayin aiki na VTP. Sauye-sauye na tsofaffin samfuran suna da sigogi uku kawai don wannan umarni: abokin ciniki, wanda ke canza canjin zuwa yanayin abokin ciniki, uwar garken, wanda ke kunna yanayin uwar garken, da bayyane, wanda ke canza canjin zuwa yanayin “m”. Tun da yake ba shi yiwuwa a kashe VTP gaba ɗaya akan tsofaffin maɓalli, a cikin wannan yanayin canjin, yayin da ya rage na yankin VTP, kawai ya daina karɓar sabuntawar bayanai na VLAN da ke zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta hanyar ka'idar VTP.
Sabbin maɓalli yanzu suna da sigar kashewa, wanda ke ba ku damar kashe yanayin VTP gaba ɗaya. Bari mu canza na'urar zuwa yanayin gaskiya ta amfani da umarnin gaskiya na yanayin vtp sannan mu sake duba tsarin na yanzu. Kamar yadda kuke gani, an ƙara shigarwa game da VLAN20 zuwa gare ta. Don haka, idan muka ƙara wasu VLAN waɗanda adadinsu yana cikin kewayon VLAN na yau da kullun tare da lambobi daga 1 zuwa 1005, kuma a lokaci guda VTP yana cikin yanayin bayyana ko kashewa, to bisa ga manufofin VLAN na cikin gida za a ƙara wannan hanyar sadarwa zuwa halin yanzu. sanyi da kuma cikin VLAN database.
Bari mu yi ƙoƙarin ƙara VLAN 3000, kuma za ku ga cewa a cikin yanayin gaskiya shima yana bayyana a cikin tsarin yanzu. Yawanci, idan muna son ƙara hanyar sadarwa daga kewayon VLAN mai tsawo, za mu yi amfani da umurnin vtp version 3. Kamar yadda kuke gani, duka VLAN20 da VLAN3000 suna nunawa a cikin tsarin yanzu.
Idan ka fita a bayyane kuma ka ba da damar yanayin uwar garke ta amfani da umarnin uwar garken yanayin vtp, sannan ka sake duba yanayin da ake ciki yanzu, za ka ga cewa shigarwar VLAN sun ɓace gaba ɗaya. Wannan saboda duk bayanan VLAN ana adana su ne kawai a cikin ma'ajin bayanai na VLAN kuma ana iya ganin su a cikin yanayin m VTP. Tunda na kunna yanayin VTP v3, bayan amfani da umarnin matsayin vtp show, zaku iya ganin cewa matsakaicin adadin VLANs masu goyan baya ya karu zuwa 4096.
Don haka, VTP v1 da VTP v2 database suna goyon bayan VLANs na yau da kullum masu lamba 1 zuwa 1005, yayin da VTP v3 ya haɗa da shigarwa don ƙarin VLANs masu lamba 1 zuwa 4096. Idan kana amfani da VTP transparent ko VTP off mode, bayanai o VLAN za a kara. zuwa daidaitawar halin yanzu. Idan kana son amfani da tsawaita kewayon VLAN, dole ne na'urar ta kasance cikin yanayin VTP v3. Wannan shine bambanci tsakanin VLANs na yau da kullun da tsawaitawa.
Yanzu za mu kwatanta VLANs bayanai da VLANs na murya. Idan kun tuna, na ce kowane tashar jiragen ruwa na iya zama na VLAN ɗaya kawai a lokaci guda.
Koyaya, a yawancin lokuta muna buƙatar saita tashar jiragen ruwa don aiki tare da wayar IP. Wayoyin Cisco IP na zamani suna da nasu canjin da aka gina a ciki, don haka kawai za ku iya haɗa wayar da kebul zuwa mashin bango, da igiyar faci zuwa kwamfutarku. Matsalar ita ce, bangon bangon da tashar wayar ta toshe a ciki ya kasance yana da VLAN guda biyu daban-daban. Mun riga mun tattauna a cikin darussan bidiyo na kwanaki 11 da 12 abin da za a yi don hana madaukai na zirga-zirga, yadda za a yi amfani da manufar VLAN na "yan ƙasa" wanda ke wucewa ta hanyar zirga-zirgar da ba ta dace ba, amma duk waɗannan abubuwa ne. Magani na ƙarshe ga matsalar shine manufar rarraba VLANs zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwa don zirga-zirgar bayanai da hanyoyin sadarwa don zirga-zirgar murya.
A wannan yanayin, kuna haɗa duk layin waya zuwa cikin VLAN murya. Adadin ya nuna cewa PC1 da PC2 na iya kasancewa akan jan VLAN20, kuma PC3 na iya kasancewa akan koren VLAN30, amma duk wayoyin IP masu alaƙa zasu kasance akan muryar rawaya iri ɗaya VLAN50.
A gaskiya ma, kowane tashar jiragen ruwa na SW1 zai sami VLANs 2 a lokaci guda - don bayanai da kuma murya.
Kamar yadda na ce, hanyar shiga VLAN koyaushe tana da VLAN guda ɗaya, ba za ku iya samun VLAN guda biyu akan tashar jiragen ruwa ɗaya ba. Ba za ku iya amfani da damar shiga vlan 10 ba, damar shiga vlan 20 da switchport access vlan 50 umarni zuwa dubawa guda ɗaya a lokaci guda. Umurni Don haka, tun da wayar IP ta ƙunshi maɓalli a cikinta, tana iya ɓoyewa da aika zirga-zirgar murya ta VLAN10 kuma a lokaci guda karɓa da aika zirga-zirgar bayanan VLAN50 don canza SW50 a yanayin samun damar sauyawa. Bari mu ga yadda aka saita wannan yanayin.
Da farko za mu ƙirƙiri hanyar sadarwa ta VLAN50, sannan za mu je zuwa saitunan Ethernet 0/1 interface kuma mu tsara shi zuwa damar shiga yanayin sauyawa. Bayan haka, na shiga cikin jerin abubuwan da suka faru na switchport access vlan 10 da switchport voice vlan 50 umarni.
Na manta don saita yanayin VLAN guda ɗaya don gangar jikin, don haka zan je saitunan tashar tashar Ethernet 0/0 kuma shigar da akwati switchport na asali vlan 1. Yanzu zan nemi in nuna sigogin VLAN, kuma kuna iya gani. cewa yanzu akan tashar Ethernet 0/1 muna da cibiyoyin sadarwa guda biyu - VLAN 50 da VLAN20.
Don haka, idan ka ga cewa akwai VLAN guda biyu akan tashar jiragen ruwa guda, wannan yana nufin ɗayan su shine Voice VLAN. Wannan ba zai iya zama akwati ba saboda idan ka kalli sigogin gangar jikin ta amfani da umarnin int trunk na nuni, za ka ga cewa tashar tashar ta ƙunshi dukkan VLANs, gami da tsoho VLAN1.
Kuna iya cewa ta hanyar fasaha, lokacin da kuka ƙirƙiri hanyar sadarwar bayanai da hanyar sadarwa ta murya, kowane ɗayan waɗannan tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna yin aiki kamar ƙaramin akwati: ga ɗayan cibiyar sadarwa tana aiki azaman akwati, ɗayan a matsayin tashar shiga.
Idan ka buga umarnin nuna int e0/1 switchport, za ka iya ganin cewa wasu halaye sun dace da nau'ikan aiki guda biyu: muna da duka madaidaiciyar damar yin amfani da trunking. A wannan yanayin, yanayin samun damar ya dace da cibiyar sadarwar bayanai VLAN 20 Gudanarwa kuma a lokaci guda cibiyar sadarwar muryar VLAN 50 tana nan.
Kuna iya duba tsarin na yanzu, wanda kuma zai nuna cewa samun damar vlan 20 da murya vlan 50 suna nan akan wannan tashar jiragen ruwa.
Wannan shine bambanci tsakanin Data VLANs da Voice VLANs. Ina fatan kun fahimci duk abin da na fada, idan ba haka ba, kawai kalli wannan koyawa ta bidiyo.
Na gode da kasancewa tare da mu. Kuna son labaran mu? Kuna son ganin ƙarin abun ciki mai ban sha'awa? Goyon bayan mu ta hanyar ba da oda ko ba da shawara ga abokai, Rangwamen 30% ga masu amfani da Habr akan keɓaɓɓen analogue na sabar matakin shigarwa, wanda mu muka ƙirƙira muku: (akwai tare da RAID1 da RAID10, har zuwa 24 cores kuma har zuwa 40GB DDR4).
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source: www.habr.com