A yau za mu dubi aikin Layer 2 EtherChannel tashar tara yarjejeniya don Layer 2 na samfurin OSI. Wannan yarjejeniya ba ta bambanta da ƙa'idar Layer 3 ba, amma kafin mu nutse cikin Layer 3 EtherChannel, ina buƙatar gabatar da wasu ra'ayoyi don mu isa Layer 1.5 daga baya. Muna ci gaba da bin jadawalin kwas na CCNA, don haka a yau za mu rufe sashe na 2, Tsara, Gwaji, da Shirya matsala Layer 3/1.5 EtherChannel, da kuma sassan 1.5a, Static EtherChannel, 1.5b, PAGP, da XNUMXc, IEEE. -LACP Buɗe Standard. .
Kafin mu ci gaba, dole ne mu fahimci abin da EtherChannel yake. Bari mu ɗauka cewa muna da maɓalli A da maɓalli B ba tare da haɗa su da layukan sadarwa guda uku ba. Idan kun yi amfani da STP, za a toshe ƙarin layukan biyu cikin hikima don hana madaukai.
Bari mu ce muna da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na FastEthernet waɗanda ke ba da zirga-zirgar 100 Mbps, don haka jimlar kayan aiki shine 3 x 100 = 300 Mbps. Mun bar tashar sadarwa guda ɗaya kawai, saboda wanda zai ragu zuwa 100 Mbit / s, wato, a cikin wannan yanayin, STP zai lalata halayen cibiyar sadarwa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarin tashoshi 2 za su kasance marasa aiki a banza.
Don hana wannan, KALPANA, kamfanin da ya ƙirƙira Cisco Catalist switches kuma Cisco ya siya daga baya, ya ƙirƙiri wata fasaha mai suna EtherChannel a cikin 1990s.
A halin da muke ciki, wannan fasaha tana juya hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban guda uku zuwa tasha mai ma'ana guda ɗaya mai ƙarfin 300 Mbit / s.
Yanayin farko na fasahar EtherChannel shine na hannu, ko yanayin tsaye. A wannan yanayin, masu sauyawa ba za su yi wani abu ba a ƙarƙashin kowane yanayin watsawa, dogaro da gaskiyar cewa an yi duk saitunan hannu na sigogin aiki daidai. Tashar tana kunna kawai tana aiki, gaba ɗaya ta amince da saitunan mai gudanar da cibiyar sadarwa.
Yanayin na biyu shine ka'idar haɗin haɗin gwiwar Cisco PAGP na mallakar mallaka, na uku shine ƙa'idar haɗin haɗin kai ta IEEE na LACP.
Don waɗannan hanyoyin suyi aiki, dole ne a samar da EtherChannel. Sigar wannan ƙa'idar tana da sauƙin kunnawa: kuna buƙatar zuwa saitunan keɓancewa kuma shigar da umarnin yanayin tashar-group 1.
Idan muna da sauyawa A tare da musaya guda biyu f0/1 da f0/2, dole ne mu shiga cikin saitunan kowane tashar jiragen ruwa kuma mu shigar da wannan umarni, kuma lambar rukunin EtherChannel na iya samun darajar daga 1 zuwa 6, babban abu shine cewa. wannan darajar iri ɗaya ce ga duk mashigai na maɓalli. Bugu da kari, dole ne tashoshin jiragen ruwa su yi aiki a cikin yanayi iri ɗaya: duka a cikin yanayin shiga ko duka biyun a cikin yanayin gangar jikin kuma suna da VLAN na asali iri ɗaya ko VLAN da aka yarda.
Haɗin EtherChannel zai yi aiki ne kawai idan rukunin tashoshi ya ƙunshi musaya masu daidaitawa iri ɗaya.
Bari mu haɗa switch A tare da layin sadarwa guda biyu don canza B, wanda kuma yana da musaya biyu f0/1 da f0/2. Wadannan musaya suna kafa nasu rukuni. Kuna iya saita su don yin aiki a cikin EtherChannel ta amfani da umarni iri ɗaya, kuma lambar ƙungiyar ba ta da mahimmanci, tunda suna kan canjin gida. Kuna iya sanya wannan rukuni a matsayin lamba 1, kuma komai zai yi aiki. Duk da haka, tuna - don duka tashoshi don yin aiki ba tare da matsaloli ba, dole ne a saita duk musaya daidai daidai, zuwa yanayin guda - samun dama ko akwati. Bayan kun shiga cikin saitunan musaya biyu na sauyawa A da canza B kuma ku shigar da yanayin tashar-rukuni 1 akan umarni, za a kammala tattara tashoshi na EtherChannel.
Dukansu musaya na zahiri na kowane canji za su yi aiki azaman mahaɗaɗɗen ma'ana guda ɗaya. Idan muka kalli sigogi na STP, za mu ga cewa sauyawa A zai nuna mahaɗin gama gari guda ɗaya, wanda aka haɗa shi daga tashar jiragen ruwa guda biyu.
Bari mu matsa zuwa PAGP, ƙa'idar tara tashoshi ta hanyar Cisco.
Bari mu yi tunanin hoto iri ɗaya - maɓalli biyu A da B, kowannensu yana da musaya f0/1 da f0/2, waɗanda ke haɗa su ta hanyar layin sadarwa guda biyu. Don kunna PAGP, yi amfani da tsari iri ɗaya na rukunin rukunin 1 tare da sigogi . A cikin yanayin tsaye na hannun hannu, kawai kuna shigar da yanayin tashar-rukuni 1 akan umarni akan duk musaya, kuma tarawa ya fara aiki; anan kuna buƙatar ƙididdige siginar kyawawa ko ta atomatik. Idan ka shigar da umarnin yanayin tashar-rukunin 1 tare da alamar ?, tsarin zai nuna hanzari tare da zaɓuɓɓukan sigina: a kunne, kyawawa, auto, m, aiki.
Idan kun shigar da wannan tashar tashoshi-rukuni 1 yanayin kyawawa a duka ƙarshen layin sadarwa, yanayin EtherChannel zai kunna. Haka abin zai faru idan a daya karshen tashar da musaya da aka saita tare da tashar-group 1 yanayin kyawawa umurnin, da kuma a sauran karshen tare da tashar-group 1 yanayin auto umurnin.
Koyaya, idan an saita musaya a ƙarshen hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa zuwa atomatik tare da umarnin atomatik na yanayin tashoshi-group 1, haɗa haɗin haɗin ba zai faru ba. Don haka, ku tuna - idan kuna son amfani da EtherChannel akan ka'idar PAGP, musaya na aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin ɓangarorin dole ne su kasance cikin yanayin da ake so.
Lokacin amfani da buɗaɗɗen yarjejeniyar LACP don tara tashoshi, ana amfani da umarnin yanayi iri ɗaya-rukuni 1 tare da sigogi. .
Haɗin haɗin saituna masu yiwuwa a bangarorin biyu na tashoshi sune kamar haka: idan an saita musaya zuwa yanayin aiki ko gefe ɗaya don aiki da ɗayan zuwa m, yanayin EtherChannel zai yi aiki; idan an saita ƙungiyoyin musaya biyu zuwa m, tashar tara ba zai faru ba. Dole ne a tuna cewa don tsara tara tashoshi ta amfani da ka'idar LACP, aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar dole ne ya kasance cikin yanayin aiki.
Bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu amsa tambayar: idan muna da maɓalli A da B da aka haɗa ta hanyar layin sadarwa, kuma musaya na ɗaya canji yana cikin yanayin aiki, ɗayan kuma a cikin mota ko yanayin da ake so, EtherChannel zai yi aiki?
A'a, ba zai yiwu ba, saboda dole ne hanyar sadarwa ta yi amfani da ka'ida iri ɗaya - ko dai PAGP ko LACP, tunda ba su dace da juna ba.
Bari mu kalli umarni da yawa da aka yi amfani da su don tsara EtherChannel. Da farko, kuna buƙatar sanya lambar rukuni, yana iya zama wani abu. Don yanayin tashar farko-rukuni 1, zaku iya zaɓar sigogi 5 azaman zaɓi: a kunne, kyawawa, auto, m ko aiki.
A cikin ƙayyadaddun umarni na keɓancewa muna amfani da kalmar maɓalli-rukuni na tashar, amma idan, alal misali, kuna son saka ma'aunin nauyi, ana amfani da kalmar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa. Bari mu dubi menene ma'auni na kaya.
A ce muna da switch A mai tashar jiragen ruwa guda biyu, wadanda ke da alaka da ma’auni na tashar B. Kwamfutoci uku suna haɗe zuwa sauyawa B - 3, kuma kwamfuta ɗaya mai lamba 1,2,3 tana haɗa zuwa switch A.
Lokacin da zirga-zirga ke motsawa daga kwamfuta #4 zuwa kwamfuta #1, sauyawa A zai fara watsa fakiti akan hanyoyin haɗin biyu. Hanyar daidaita lodin tana amfani da hashing na adireshin MAC na mai aikawa ta yadda duk zirga-zirga daga kwamfuta ta huɗu za ta gudana ta ɗaya kawai daga cikin hanyoyin haɗin biyu. Idan muka haɗa kwamfuta mai lamba 5 don canjawa A, godiya ga daidaitawar lodi, zirga-zirgar wannan kwamfutar za ta motsa tare da layin sadarwa ɗaya kawai.
Duk da haka, wannan ba halin da ake ciki ba ne. Bari mu ce muna da gizagizai da Intanet da na'urar da ake haɗa maɓallin A tare da kwamfutoci uku. Za a karkatar da zirga-zirgar Intanet zuwa maɓalli tare da adireshin MAC na wannan na'ura, wato, tare da adireshin wata tashar tashar jiragen ruwa, saboda wannan na'urar kofa ce. Don haka, duk zirga-zirgar da ke fita za su sami adireshin MAC na wannan na'urar.
Idan a gaban switch A muka sanya switch B, aka jona shi da layukan sadarwa guda uku, to duk zirga-zirgar switch B ta hanyar switch A za ta bi ta daya daga cikin layin, wanda bai cimma burinmu ba. Don haka, muna buƙatar saita sigogin daidaitawa don wannan canji.
Don yin wannan, yi amfani da umarnin ma'auni mai ɗaukar nauyi na tashar tashar jiragen ruwa, inda ake amfani da adireshin IP ɗin da ake nufi azaman siga na zaɓi. Idan wannan shine adireshin kwamfuta mai lamba 1, zirga-zirgar zai gudana ta layin farko, idan lamba 3 - tare da na uku, kuma idan kun saka adireshin IP na kwamfuta ta biyu, to tare da layin sadarwa na tsakiya.
Don yin wannan, umarnin yana amfani da maɓallin tashar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin yanayin daidaitawa na duniya.
Idan kana son ganin waɗanne hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo ne ke da hannu a cikin tashar da kuma waɗanne ka'idoji ake amfani da su, to a yanayin gata kuna buƙatar shigar da umarnin taƙaitaccen etherchannel na nuni. Kuna iya duba saitunan daidaita nauyi ta amfani da umarnin etherchannel load-balance.
Yanzu bari mu kalli wannan duka a cikin shirin Packet Tracer. Muna da maɓalli 2 da aka haɗa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa biyu. STP zai fara aiki kuma za a toshe ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa 4.
Bari mu je zuwa saitunan SW0 kuma shigar da umarnin nunin-itace. Mun ga cewa STP yana aiki kuma za mu iya duba Tushen ID da Gada ID. Yin amfani da wannan umarni don sauyawa na biyu, za mu ga cewa SW0 na farko shine tushen tushen, tun da, ba kamar SW1 ba, Tushensa da Ƙimar Gada iri ɗaya ne. Bugu da ƙari, akwai saƙo a nan cewa SW0 shine tushen - "Wannan gada ita ce tushen".
Duk tashoshin jiragen ruwa na tushen sauya suna cikin Yanayin da aka tsara, tashar da aka katange na na biyu an sanya shi azaman Alternative, kuma na biyu an sanya shi azaman tushen tashar. Kuna iya ganin yadda STP ke yin duk aikin da ake buƙata ba tare da lahani ba, saita haɗin kai tsaye.
Bari mu kunna ka'idar PAGP; don yin wannan, a cikin saitunan SW0, muna shigar da umarni a jere int f0/1 da yanayin rukuni-kungiya 1 tare da ɗayan sigogi 5 masu yiwuwa, Ina amfani da kyawawa.
Kuna iya ganin cewa an kashe ka'idodin layin da farko sannan kuma an sake kunnawa, wato, canje-canjen da aka yi sun fara aiki kuma an ƙirƙiri hanyar sadarwa ta Port-channel 1.
Yanzu bari mu je f0/2 dubawa kuma shigar da wannan umarni tashar-rukuni 1 yanayin kyawawa.
Kuna iya ganin cewa yanzu tashar jiragen ruwa na babbar hanyar haɗin gwiwa ana nuna su ta alamar kore, kuma tashar jiragen ruwa na ƙananan haɗin suna nuna alamar orange. A wannan yanayin, ba za a iya samun yanayin gauraye na kyawawa ba - tashar jiragen ruwa ta atomatik, saboda duk musaya na sauyawa ɗaya dole ne a daidaita su tare da umarni iri ɗaya. Ana iya amfani da yanayin atomatik akan sauyawa na biyu, amma a farkon, duk tashoshin jiragen ruwa dole ne suyi aiki a cikin yanayin iri ɗaya, a wannan yanayin yana da kyawawa.
Bari mu shiga cikin saitunan SW1 kuma muyi amfani da umarnin don kewayon int range f0/1-2, don kada mu shigar da umarni da hannu daban don kowane musaya, amma don saita duka biyu tare da umarni ɗaya.
Ina amfani da umarnin yanayin tashar-rukuni 2, amma zan iya amfani da kowace lamba daga 1 zuwa 6 don tsara rukunin musaya na canji na biyu. Tunda aka saita kishiyar tashar tashar a cikin yanayin da ake so, musaya na wannan canjin dole ne ya kasance cikin kyawawa ko yanayin atomatik. Na zaɓi siga na farko, rubuta tashoshi-rukuni 2 yanayin kyawawa kuma danna Shigar.
Muna ganin saƙon cewa tashar tashar tashar tashar Port-channel 2 an ƙirƙiri, kuma tashar jiragen ruwa f0/1 da f0/2 sun tashi a jere daga ƙasa zuwa sama. Bayan haka sai sakon cewa Port-channel 2 interface ya canza zuwa yanayin sama da kuma cewa tsarin layi na wannan interface shima ya kunna. Yanzu mun kafa EtherChannel tari.
Kuna iya tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar zuwa saitunan sauya SW0 kuma shigar da umarnin taƙaitaccen etherchannel na nuni. Kuna iya ganin tutoci daban-daban waɗanda za mu duba daga baya, sannan rukuni na 1 ta amfani da tashar 1, adadin masu tarawa kuma shine 1. Po1 yana nufin PortChannel 1, kuma sunan (SU) yana nufin S - Layer 2 flag, U - amfani. Mai zuwa yana nuna ka'idar PAGP da aka yi amfani da ita da tashoshi na zahiri da aka haɗa cikin tashar - Fa0/1 (P) da Fa0/2 (P), inda alamar P ta nuna cewa waɗannan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na PortChannel ne.
Ina amfani da umarni iri ɗaya don sauyawa na biyu, kuma taga CLI yana nuna irin wannan bayanin don SW1.
Na shigar da umarnin nunin itace a cikin saitunan SW1, kuma kuna iya ganin PortChannel 2 ƙirar ma'ana ce guda ɗaya, kuma farashinsa idan aka kwatanta da farashin tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda biyu 19 ya ragu zuwa 9.
Mu yi haka da canji na farko. Kun ga cewa sigogin Tushen ba su canza ba, amma yanzu tsakanin maɓallan biyu, maimakon mahaɗin jiki guda biyu, akwai madaidaicin ma'ana Po1-Po2.
Mu yi kokarin musanya PAGP da LACP. Don yin wannan, a cikin saitunan canjin farko na yi amfani da umarnin don kewayon int range f0/1-2. Idan yanzu na ba da umarni mai aiki na yanayin tashar-group1 don kunna LACP, za a ƙi shi saboda tashar jiragen ruwa Fa0/1 da Fa0/2 sun riga sun kasance ɓangaren tashar ta amfani da wata yarjejeniya ta daban.
Don haka, dole ne in fara shigar da umarnin babu tashoshi-group 1 yanayin aiki sannan kawai amfani da yanayin tashar tashar-group1 mai aiki. Bari mu yi haka tare da canji na biyu, da farko shigar da umarni babu tashar-group 2, sa'an nan kuma umurnin tashar-group 2 yanayin aiki. Idan ka duba sigogin dubawa, za ka ga cewa an sake kunna Po2, amma har yanzu yana cikin yanayin ƙa'idar PAGP. Wannan ba gaskiya bane, saboda a halin yanzu muna da LACP a cikin sakamako, kuma a wannan yanayin ana nuna sigogi ba daidai ba ta shirin Packet Tracer.
Don warware wannan sabani, Ina amfani da mafita ta wucin gadi - ƙirƙirar wani PortChannel. Don yin wannan, na rubuta umarni int kewayon f0/1-2 kuma babu tashar-rukuni 2, sannan kuma yanayin tashar tashar-rukuni 2 yana aiki. Bari mu ga yadda wannan ya shafi canji na farko. Na shigar da umarnin taƙaitaccen etherchannel na nuni kuma na ga cewa an sake nuna Po1 azaman amfani da PAGP. Wannan matsala ce a cikin simulation na Packet Tracer saboda a halin yanzu PortChannel ta naƙasa kuma bai kamata mu sami tashoshi kwata-kwata ba.
Na koma CLI taga na biyu canji kuma shigar da show etherchannel summary umurnin. Yanzu ana nuna Po2 tare da index (SD), inda D ke nufin ƙasa, wato, tashar ba ta aiki. A fasaha, PortChannel yana nan, amma ba a amfani da shi saboda babu tashar jiragen ruwa da ke hade da shi.
Na shigar da umarni int kewayon f0/1-2 kuma babu tashar tashar-rukuni 1 a cikin saitunan farkon sauyawa, sannan ƙirƙirar sabon rukunin tashoshi, wannan lambar lokaci 2, ta amfani da umarnin aiki na tashar tashar-group 2. Sannan ina yin haka a cikin saitunan canji na biyu, kawai yanzu rukunin tashar ya sami lamba 1.
Yanzu an samar da wata sabuwar kungiya mai suna Port Channel 2 a farkon canji, sai kuma Port Channel 1 a karo na biyu, sai kawai na canza sunayen kungiyoyin. Kamar yadda kake gani, a zahiri na ƙirƙiri sabon tashar tashar jiragen ruwa akan canji na biyu, kuma yanzu ana nuna shi tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin - bayan shigar da umarnin taƙaitaccen etherchannel, mun ga cewa Po1 (SU) yana amfani da LACP.
Muna ganin ainihin hoto ɗaya a cikin taga CLI na sauya SW0 - sabon rukunin Po2 (SU) yana aiki ƙarƙashin ikon LACP.
Yi la'akari da bambanci tsakanin mahaɗar da ke cikin yanayin aiki da abin dubawa wanda koyaushe yake cikin jihar akan. Zan ƙirƙiri sabon rukunin tashar don sauya SW0 tare da umarni int kewayon f0/1-2 da yanayin rukunin tashar tashar 3. Kafin wannan, dole ne ku share rukunin tashoshi 1 da 2 ta amfani da no channel-group 1 kuma babu umarnin tashar-group 2, in ba haka ba, lokacin da kuke ƙoƙarin amfani da yanayin rukunin-group 3 akan umarni, tsarin zai nuna saƙon da ke nuna cewa. An riga an yi amfani da ƙirar don yin aiki tare da wata yarjejeniya ta tashar.
Muna yin haka tare da sauyawa na biyu - share tashar tashar-rukunin 1 da 2 kuma ƙirƙirar rukuni 3 tare da yanayin tashar tashar-rukuni 3 akan kunna. Yanzu bari mu je saitunan SW0 kuma muyi amfani da umarnin taƙaitawar etherchannel. Za ku ga cewa sabuwar tashar Po3 ta riga ta fara aiki kuma baya buƙatar wani aiki na farko kamar PAGP ko LACP.
Yana kunna nan take, ba tare da kashewa ba sannan yana kunna tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Yin amfani da wannan umarni don SW1, za mu ga cewa a nan Po3 baya amfani da kowace yarjejeniya, wato, mun ƙirƙiri EtherChannel a tsaye.
Cisco yayi jayayya cewa don cibiyoyin sadarwa su kasance a ko'ina, muna buƙatar mantawa game da PAGP kuma mu yi amfani da EtherChannel a tsaye a matsayin hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta haɗin haɗin gwiwa.
Ta yaya za mu yi daidaita nauyi? Na koma SW0 canza CLI taga kuma shigar da show etherchannel load- balance umurnin. Kuna iya ganin cewa ana yin ma'auni na kaya bisa tushen adireshin MAC.
Yawancin lokaci daidaitawa yana amfani da wannan siga, amma wani lokacin bai dace da manufofinmu ba. Idan muna so mu canza wannan hanyar daidaitawa, muna buƙatar shigar da yanayin daidaitawa na duniya kuma shigar da tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa, bayan haka tsarin zai nuna abubuwan da suka dace tare da yuwuwar sigogi na wannan umarnin.
Idan ka ƙayyade madaidaicin tashar tashar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa-balance src-mac, wato, saka adireshin MAC na tushen, za a kunna aikin hashing, wanda zai nuna wanne daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa waɗanda ke cikin ɓangaren EtherChannel da aka ba da ya kamata a yi amfani da su. zirga-zirga na gaba. A duk lokacin da adireshin tushen ya kasance iri ɗaya, tsarin zai yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙirar jiki don aika zirga-zirga.
Na gode da kasancewa tare da mu. Kuna son labaran mu? Kuna son ganin ƙarin abun ciki mai ban sha'awa? Goyon bayan mu ta hanyar ba da oda ko ba da shawara ga abokai, Rangwamen 30% ga masu amfani da Habr akan keɓaɓɓen analogue na sabar matakin shigarwa, wanda mu muka ƙirƙira muku: (akwai tare da RAID1 da RAID10, har zuwa 24 cores kuma har zuwa 40GB DDR4).
Dell R730xd sau 2 mai rahusa? Nan kawai a cikin Netherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - daga $99! Karanta game da
source: www.habr.com