A yau za mu dubi fa’idojin da ke tattare da tarawa nau’i biyu: Switch Stacking, ko switch stacks, da Chassis Aggregation, ko sauya chassis aggregation. Wannan shine sashe na 1.6 na batun jarrabawar ICND2.
Lokacin haɓaka ƙirar hanyar sadarwa na kamfani, kuna buƙatar samar da wurin sanya Access Switches, wanda yawancin kwamfutocin masu amfani da su ke haɗa su, da Rarraba Maɓallin Rarraba, waɗanda aka haɗa waɗannan maɓallan shiga.
Jadawalin yana nuna ƙirar Cisco don OSI Layer 3, tare da maɓalli mai alamar A da masu rarrabawa mai lakabin D. Kuna iya samun ɗaruruwan na'urori a kowane bene na ginin kamfanin ku, don haka kuna buƙatar zaɓar tsakanin hanyoyi biyu don tsara maɓallan ku.
Kowane ɗayan madaidaicin matakin Access yana da tashoshin jiragen ruwa 24, kuma idan kuna buƙatar tashar jiragen ruwa 100, to wannan shine kusan 5 irin waɗannan maɓallan. Saboda haka, akwai hanyoyi guda 2: ƙara yawan ƙananan maɓalli ko amfani da babban maɓalli ɗaya tare da ɗaruruwan tashar jiragen ruwa. Batun CCNA baya tattauna samfuran masu sauyawa tare da tashoshin jiragen ruwa 100, amma kuna iya samun irin wannan canjin, yana yiwuwa. Don haka, dole ne ku yanke shawarar abin da ya fi dacewa da ku - ƙananan maɓalli da yawa ko babban maɓalli ɗaya.
Kowane zaɓi yana da nasa amfani. Kuna iya saita babban sauyawa 1 kawai maimakon saita ƙananan ƙananan, amma akwai kuma rashin amfani - akwai kawai hanyar haɗi zuwa cibiyar sadarwa. Idan irin wannan babban maɓalli ya gaza, duk hanyar sadarwar zata rushe.
A daya bangaren kuma, idan kana da na'urori masu amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa guda biyar guda 24 kuma daya daga cikinsu ya karye, za ka yarda cewa daman gazawar canji daya ta fi karfin na'urorin da suka rage a lokaci guda na dukkan na'urori guda biyar, don haka sauran na'urorin guda 4 da suka rage. ci gaba da tabbatar da wanzuwar hanyar sadarwa . Rashin lahani na wannan bayani shine buƙatar sarrafa maɓalli daban-daban guda biyar.
Hoton mu yana nuna maɓallan samun dama 4 da aka haɗa zuwa maɓallan rarraba guda biyu. Dangane da Layer 3 na samfurin OSI da buƙatun tsarin gine-ginen cibiyar sadarwa na Cisco, kowane ɗayan waɗannan maɓallan 4 dole ne a haɗa su zuwa maɓallan rarrabawa biyu. Lokacin amfani da ka'idar STP, ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa 2 na kowane Canjin Samun damar da aka haɗa zuwa maɓalli na Rarraba za a toshe. A fasaha, ba za ku iya amfani da cikakken bandwidth na sauyawa ba saboda ɗayan layin sadarwa guda biyu yana raguwa koyaushe.
Yawancin lokaci duk masu sauyawa 4 suna kan bene ɗaya a cikin rakiyar gama gari - hoton yana nuna maɓallan 8 da aka shigar. Akwai jimillar tashoshin jiragen ruwa 192 a cikin rakiyar. A wannan yanayin, da farko, dole ne ka saita adireshin IP da hannu don kowane ɗayan waɗannan maɓallan, na biyu kuma, saita VLANs a ko'ina, kuma wannan babban ciwon kai ne ga mai gudanar da hanyar sadarwa.
Akwai wani abu da zai iya sauƙaƙa aikinku - Switch Stack. A cikin yanayinmu, wannan abu zai yi ƙoƙari ya haɗa duk masu sauyawa 8 zuwa wani madaidaicin ma'ana.
A wannan yanayin, ɗaya daga cikin maɓalli zai taka rawar Master switch, ko babban masters. Mai gudanar da hanyar sadarwa na iya haɗawa zuwa wannan maɓalli kuma ya aiwatar da duk saitunan da suka dace, waɗanda za su yi amfani da su ta atomatik ga duk masu sauyawa a cikin tari. Bayan wannan, duk 8 masu sauyawa za su yi aiki azaman na'ura ɗaya.
Cisco yana amfani da fasahohi daban-daban don haɗa masu canzawa zuwa tarawa, a wannan yanayin ana kiran wannan na'urar ta waje "FlexStack module". Akwai tashar tashar jiragen ruwa a bangon baya na sauya inda aka saka wannan module.
FlexStack yana da tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda biyu waɗanda aka shigar da kebul masu haɗawa: tashar ƙasa na farkon canji a cikin rakodin an haɗa shi zuwa babban tashar jiragen ruwa na biyu, tashar ƙasa ta na biyu tana haɗa zuwa saman tashar ta uku, da sauransu. har zuwa na takwas, tashar jiragen ruwa na kasa wanda aka haɗa zuwa saman tashar jiragen ruwa na farko. A haƙiƙa, muna samar da haɗin zobe na maɓalli ɗaya tari.
A wannan yanayin, an zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin masu sauyawa a matsayin jagora (Maigida), sauran kuma - a matsayin bayi (Bawa). Bayan amfani da kayan aikin FlexStack, duk maɓallan 4 na da'irar mu za su fara aiki azaman sauya ma'ana 1.
Idan Jagora A1 ya gaza, duk sauran maɓallan da ke cikin tari za su daina aiki. Amma idan sauya A3 ya karye, sauran maɓalli uku za su ci gaba da aiki azaman 1 mai ma'ana canji.
A cikin tsarin farko muna da na'urori na zahiri guda 6, amma bayan shirya Canja Stack akwai 3 kawai daga cikinsu: 2 na zahiri da 1 na ma'ana. A karkashin zaɓi na farko, dole ne ka saita maɓalli daban-daban guda 6, wanda ya riga ya zama matsala, don haka za ku iya tunanin yadda tsarin daidaita ɗaruruwan maɓalli da hannu ke ɗaukar lokaci. Bayan haɗa maɓalli a cikin tari, mun sami maɓalli guda ɗaya na ma'ana, wanda aka haɗa da kowane maɓalli na rarraba D1 da D2 ta hanyar layin sadarwa guda huɗu da aka haɗa zuwa EtherChannel. Tun da muna da na'urori 3, za a toshe EtherChannel ɗaya ta amfani da STP don hana madaukai na zirga-zirga.
Don haka, fa'idar tarin sauya shine ikon sarrafa sauyi mai ma'ana ɗaya maimakon na'urori na zahiri da yawa, wanda ke sauƙaƙa tsarin kafa hanyar sadarwa.
Akwai wata fasaha don haɗa maɓalli mai suna Chassis Aggregation. Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan fasahohin shine don tsara Canja Stack kuna buƙatar ƙirar kayan masarufi na musamman na waje wanda aka saka a cikin sauyawa.
A cikin yanayi na biyu, ana haɗa na'urori da yawa a kan chassis na gama gari, sakamakon abin da kuke ƙirƙira abin da ake kira aggregation switch chassis. A cikin hoton kuna ganin chassis na Cisco 6500 series switches. Yana haɗa katunan cibiyar sadarwa 4 tare da tashar jiragen ruwa 24 kowanne, don haka wannan rukunin yana da tashar jiragen ruwa 96.
Idan ya cancanta, za ka iya ƙara ƙarin na'urorin dubawa - katunan cibiyar sadarwa, kuma dukkan su za a sarrafa su ta hanyar daya module - mai kulawa, wanda shine "kwakwalwa" na dukan chassis. Wannan chassis yana da nau'ikan masu kulawa guda biyu idan ɗayansu ya gaza, wanda ke haifar da sakewa, amma kuma yana ƙara amincin hanyar sadarwa. Yawanci, ana amfani da irin wannan chassis mai tsada a ainihin matakin tsarin. Wannan chassis yana da kayan wuta guda biyu, kowanne daga cikinsu yana iya yin amfani da shi daga wata hanyar samar da wutar lantarki daban-daban, wanda kuma yana kara amincin hanyar sadarwa a yayin da wutar lantarki ta katse a daya daga cikin tashoshin wutar lantarki.
Mu koma kan ainihin zanen mu, inda kuma akwai EtherChannel tsakanin D1 da D2. Yawanci, lokacin shirya irin wannan haɗin, ana amfani da tashoshin Ethernet. Lokacin amfani da chassis mai canzawa, ba a buƙatar na'urori na waje; Ana amfani da tashoshin Ethernet kai tsaye don haɗa masu juyawa. Kawai kawai kuna haɗa na'urar dubawa ta farko D1 zuwa wannan module ɗin D2, da kuma na biyu module D1 zuwa na biyu module D2, kuma duk abin da aiki tare don samar da ma'ana Rarraba Layer Switch.
Idan ka kalli sigar farko na makircin, to, don haɗa madaidaicin damar shiga 4 da rukunin rarrabawa kana buƙatar amfani da shirin Multi-chassis EtherChannel, wanda ke tsara tashoshi na EtherChannel don kowane sauyawa mai shiga. Kuna ganin cewa a cikin wannan yanayin akwai haɗin p2p - "point-to-point", yana kawar da samuwar madaukai na zirga-zirga, kuma a cikin wannan yanayin duk hanyoyin sadarwar da ake samuwa suna da hannu, kuma ba mu da raguwa a cikin kayan aiki.
Yawanci, Chassis Aggregation ana amfani da shi don manyan juzu'i masu aiki, kuma ba don masu mu'amala mai ƙarfi ba. Gine-gine na Cisco yana ba da damar amfani da duka hanyoyin guda biyu - Haɗin Chassis da Canja Stack.
A wannan yanayin, ana samar da maɓalli na rarraba dabaru guda ɗaya da maɓalli ɗaya na gama gari. A cikin makircinmu, za a ƙirƙiri 8 EtherChannel, wanda zai yi aiki azaman layin sadarwa ɗaya, wato, kamar dai mun haɗa maɓallin rarraba guda ɗaya zuwa maɓallin samun dama tare da kebul ɗaya. A wannan yanayin, "tashar jiragen ruwa" na na'urorin biyu za su kasance a cikin yanayin ƙaddamarwa, kuma cibiyar sadarwar kanta za ta yi aiki a iyakar aiki, ta amfani da bandwidth na duk tashoshi 8.
Na gode da kasancewa tare da mu. Kuna son labaran mu? Kuna son ganin ƙarin abun ciki mai ban sha'awa? Goyon bayan mu ta hanyar ba da oda ko ba da shawara ga abokai, Rangwamen 30% ga masu amfani da Habr akan keɓaɓɓen analogue na sabar matakin shigarwa, wanda mu muka ƙirƙira muku: (akwai tare da RAID1 da RAID10, har zuwa 24 cores kuma har zuwa 40GB DDR4).
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source: www.habr.com