A yau za mu fara nazarin ka'idar EIGRP, wanda, tare da nazarin OSPF, shine muhimmin batu na kwas ɗin CCNA.
Za mu koma Sashe na 2.5 daga baya, amma a yanzu, bayan Sashe na 2.4, za mu ci gaba zuwa Sashe na 2.6, “Tabbatar, Tabbatarwa, da Shirya matsala EIGRP akan IPv4 (Ba da Tabbatarwa, Tacewa, Takaituwar Manual, Sake Rarrabawa, da Stub). Kanfigareshan)."
A yau za mu sami darasi na gabatarwa wanda a cikinsa zan gabatar muku da manufar Enhanced Internal Gateway Routing Protocol EIGRP, sannan a darussa biyu masu zuwa za mu dubi configuring da kuma magance matsalar robots na protocol. Amma da farko ina so in gaya muku abin da ke gaba.
A cikin ƴan darussan da muka koya game da OSPF. Yanzu ina so ku tuna cewa lokacin da muka kalli RIP watanni da yawa da suka gabata, mun yi magana game da madaukai da fasahohin da ke hana zirga-zirga daga madauki. Ta yaya za ku hana madaukai masu tuƙi yayin amfani da OSPF? Shin zai yiwu a yi amfani da hanyoyi kamar su Guba ko Rarraba Horizon don wannan? Waɗannan tambayoyi ne da dole ne ka amsa da kanka. Kuna iya amfani da wasu albarkatun jigo, amma sami amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyin. Ina so ku koyi yadda ake samun amsoshi da kanku ta hanyar yin aiki tare da kafofin daban-daban, kuma ina ƙarfafa ku ku bar sharhinku a ƙasan wannan bidiyon don in ga ɗalibai nawa nawa suka kammala wannan aikin.
Menene EIGRP? Ƙa'idar hanya ce ta haɗaka wacce ta haɗu da fa'idodi masu fa'ida na ƙa'idar vector mai nisa kamar RIP da yarjejeniya-jihar kamar OSPF.
EIGRP yarjejeniya ce ta Sisiko wacce aka samar wa jama'a a cikin 2013. Daga ka'idar bin diddigin hanyar haɗin kai-jihar, ya ɗauki ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun yanki, sabanin RIP, wanda baya haifar da makwabta. RIP kuma tana musanyar teburi tare da sauran mahalarta cikin yarjejeniya, amma OSPF ta samar da kusanci kafin fara wannan musayar. EIGRP yana aiki iri ɗaya.
Yarjejeniyar RIP lokaci-lokaci tana sabunta cikakken tebur na tuƙi kowane daƙiƙa 30 kuma tana rarraba bayanai game da duk musaya da duk hanyoyin zuwa duk maƙwabta. EIGRP ba ya yin cikakken sabunta bayanai na lokaci-lokaci, maimakon yin amfani da manufar watsa saƙonnin Sannu kamar yadda OSPF ke yi. Kowane daƙiƙa kaɗan yana aika Sannu don tabbatar da cewa maƙwabcin yana “rai”.
Sabanin ka'idar vector ta nisa, wacce ke nazarin dukkan hanyoyin sadarwar yanar gizo kafin yanke shawarar samar da hanya, EIGRP, kamar RIP, yana ƙirƙirar hanyoyin bisa jita-jita. Idan na ce jita-jita, ina nufin cewa idan maƙwabci ya ba da rahoton wani abu, EIGRP ya yarda da shi ba tare da tambaya ba. Misali, idan makwabci ya ce ya san yadda zai kai 10.1.1.2, EIGRP ya gaskata shi ba tare da tambaya ba, “Ta yaya kuka san hakan? Faɗa mini game da topology na duk hanyar sadarwa!
Kafin 2013, idan kuna amfani da kayan aikin Cisco kawai, kuna iya amfani da EIGRP, tunda an ƙirƙiri wannan yarjejeniya a cikin 1994. Koyaya, kamfanoni da yawa, har ma da amfani da kayan aikin Cisco, ba sa son yin aiki tare da wannan rata. A ganina, EIGRP ita ce mafi kyawun ka'idar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a yau saboda ya fi sauƙin amfani, amma har yanzu mutane sun fi son OSPF. Ina tsammanin wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ba sa so a ɗaure su da samfuran Cisco. Amma Cisco ya samar da wannan yarjejeniya a bainar jama'a saboda tana tallafawa kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa na ɓangare na uku kamar Juniper, kuma idan kun haɗa kai da kamfani wanda baya amfani da kayan Cisco, ba za ku sami matsala ba.
Bari mu ɗan ɗan ɗanɗana balaguron balaguro cikin tarihin ka'idojin cibiyar sadarwa.
Tsarin RIPv1, wanda ya bayyana a cikin 1980s, yana da iyakacin iyaka, misali, matsakaicin adadin hops na 16, sabili da haka ba zai iya samar da hanyar sadarwa akan manyan cibiyoyin sadarwa ba. Bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan, sun haɓaka ƙa'idar IGRP ta hanyar ƙofa ta cikin gida, wacce ta fi RIP kyau. Koyaya, ya kasance fiye da ƙa'idar vector mai nisa fiye da ƙa'idar hanyar haɗin gwiwa. A cikin ƙarshen 80s, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin ya fito, ƙa'idar haɗin gwiwa ta OSPFv2 don IPv4.
A farkon 90s, Cisco yanke shawarar cewa IGRP na buƙatar ingantawa kuma ya fitar da Ƙofar Ƙofar Ƙofar Cikin Gida EIGRP. Ya fi inganci fiye da OSPF saboda ya haɗa fasali na RIP da OSPF. Yayin da muka fara bincika shi, za ku ga cewa EIGRP ya fi sauƙi don daidaita shi fiye da OSPF. Cisco yayi ƙoƙari ya ƙirƙiri ƙa'idar da za ta tabbatar da haɗuwar hanyar sadarwa mafi sauri.
A cikin ƙarshen 90s, an sake sabunta sigar ƙa'idar RIPv2 mara aji. A cikin 2000s, sigar ta uku ta OSPF, RIPng da EIGRPv6, waɗanda ke goyan bayan ka'idar IPv6, sun bayyana. Duniya sannu a hankali tana gabatowa ga cikakken canji zuwa IPv6, kuma masu haɓaka ƙa'idodin ƙa'ida suna so su kasance a shirye don wannan.
Idan kun tuna, mun yi nazarin cewa lokacin zabar hanya mafi kyau, RIP, a matsayin ka'idar vector ta nesa, tana jagorantar ta hanyar ma'auni ɗaya kawai - mafi ƙarancin adadin hops, ko mafi ƙarancin nisa zuwa wurin dubawa. Saboda haka, na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R1 zai zabi kai tsaye hanya zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R3, duk da cewa gudun a kan wannan hanya ne 64 kbit / s - sau da yawa kasa da gudun kan R1-R2-R3, daidai da 1544 kbit / s. Ka'idar RIP za ta yi la'akari da jinkirin hanya na tsayin hop ɗaya don zama mafi kyau maimakon hanyar sauri na hops 2.
OSPF za ta yi nazarin dukkanin hanyoyin sadarwar yanar gizo kuma ta yanke shawarar yin amfani da hanyar ta hanyar R3 a matsayin hanya mafi sauri don sadarwa tare da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R2. RIP yana amfani da adadin hops a matsayin ma'aunin sa, yayin da ma'aunin OSPF yana da tsada, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta ya yi daidai da bandwidth na hanyar haɗin gwiwa.
EIGRP kuma yana mai da hankali kan farashin hanya, amma ma'aunin sa ya fi rikitarwa fiye da OSPF kuma ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa, gami da Bandwidth, Jinkiri, Amincewa, Loading, da matsakaicin MTU. Misali, idan kumburi ɗaya ya fi sauran lodi, EIGRP zai bincika nauyin akan gabaɗayan hanya kuma ya zaɓi wani kumburi mai ƙarancin nauyi.
A cikin kwas ɗin CCNA kawai za mu yi la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan ƙirƙira awo kamar Bandwidth da Delay; waɗannan sune waɗanda tsarin awo zai yi amfani da su.
Ƙa'idar vector ta nisa RIP tana amfani da dabaru biyu: nisa da shugabanci. Idan muna da masu amfani da 3, kuma ɗaya daga cikinsu yana haɗi zuwa cibiyar sadarwar 20.0.0.0, to, za a yi zaɓi ta hanyar nesa - waɗannan su ne hops, a cikin wannan yanayin 1 hop, kuma ta hanyar shugabanci, wato, tare da wace hanya - babba. ko ƙananan - don aika zirga-zirga .
Bugu da kari, RIP yana amfani da sabunta bayanai na lokaci-lokaci, yana rarraba cikakken tebur na kewayawa cikin hanyar sadarwa kowane sakan 30. Wannan sabuntawa yana yin abubuwa 2. Na farko shine ainihin sabuntawa na tebur mai tuƙi, na biyu yana duba yiwuwar maƙwabcin. Idan na'urar ba ta sami sabuntawar tebur ba ko sabon bayanin hanya daga maƙwabci a cikin daƙiƙa 30, ta fahimci cewa ba za a iya amfani da hanyar zuwa maƙwabcin ba. Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tana aika sabuntawa kowane daƙiƙa 30 don gano ko maƙwabcin yana raye kuma idan har yanzu hanyar tana aiki.
Kamar yadda na ce, ana amfani da fasahar Split Horizon don hana madaukai na hanya. Wannan yana nufin cewa ba a mayar da sabuntawar zuwa ga abin da ya fito daga gare ta ba. Fasaha ta biyu don hana madaukai ita ce Guba ta Hanyar Hanya. Idan haɗin haɗin yanar gizon 20.0.0.0 da aka nuna a cikin hoton ya katse, na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ya aika da "hanyar guba" zuwa maƙwabta, inda ya ba da rahoton cewa yanzu ana samun damar wannan hanyar sadarwa a cikin hops 16, wato. a zahiri ba za a iya kaiwa ba. Wannan shine yadda tsarin RIP ke aiki.
Ta yaya EIGRP ke aiki? Idan kun tuna daga darussa game da OSPF, wannan yarjejeniya tana aiwatar da ayyuka uku: tana kafa unguwa, tana amfani da LSA don sabunta LSDB daidai da canje-canje a cikin topology na cibiyar sadarwa, da kuma gina tebur mai tuƙi. Ƙirƙirar unguwanni hanya ce mai rikitarwa wacce ke amfani da sigogi da yawa. Misali, dubawa da canza hanyar haɗin yanar gizo ta 2WAY - wasu haɗin gwiwar sun kasance a cikin yanayin sadarwa ta hanyoyi biyu, wasu suna zuwa FULL jihar. Ba kamar OSPF ba, wannan baya faruwa a cikin ka'idar EIGRP - yana duba sigogi 4 kawai.
Kamar OSPF, wannan yarjejeniya tana aika saƙon Sannu mai ɗauke da sigogi 10 kowane sakan 4. Na farko shine ma'aunin tantancewa, idan an riga an daidaita shi. A wannan yanayin, duk na'urorin da aka kafa kusanci dasu dole ne su kasance da sigogin tantancewa iri ɗaya.
Ana amfani da ma'auni na biyu don bincika ko na'urorin suna cikin tsarin masu cin gashin kansu guda ɗaya, wato, don kafa kusanci ta hanyar amfani da ka'idar EIGRP, duka na'urorin dole ne su kasance da lambar tsarin sarrafa kansu iri ɗaya. Ana amfani da siga na uku don bincika cewa ana aika saƙon Hello daga adireshin IP iri ɗaya.
Ana amfani da siga na huɗu don bincika daidaiton ma'auni na K-Dabi'u. Ka'idar EIRGP tana amfani da irin waɗannan ƙididdiga guda 5 daga K1 zuwa K5. Idan kun tuna, idan K = 0 an yi watsi da sigogi, amma idan K = 1, to ana amfani da sigogi a cikin dabara don ƙididdige ma'auni. Don haka, ƙimar K1-5 don na'urori daban-daban dole ne su kasance iri ɗaya. A cikin kwas ɗin CCNA za mu ɗauki tsoffin ƙimar waɗannan ƙididdiga: K1 da K3 daidai suke da 1, kuma K2, K4 da K5 daidai suke da 0.
Don haka, idan waɗannan sigogi na 4 sun dace, EIGRP ta kafa dangantakar maƙwabta kuma na'urorin suna shigar da juna cikin teburin maƙwabta. Bayan haka, ana yin canje-canje ga teburin topology.
Ana aika duk saƙonnin Sannu zuwa adireshin IP na multicast 224.0.0.10, kuma sabuntawa, dangane da tsarin, ana aika su zuwa adiresoshin unicast na maƙwabta ko zuwa adireshin multicast. Wannan sabuntawa baya zuwa akan UDP ko TCP, amma yana amfani da wata ka'ida ta daban da ake kira RTP, Dogarorin Sufuri. Wannan yarjejeniya tana bincika ko maƙwabcin ya sami sabuntawa, kuma kamar yadda sunanta ya nuna, babban aikinta shine tabbatar da amincin sadarwa. Idan sabuntawar bai isa ga maƙwabci ba, za a sake watsawa har sai maƙwabcin ya karɓi shi. OSPF ba shi da hanyar duba na'urar mai karɓa, don haka tsarin bai sani ba ko na'urorin makwabta sun sami sabuntawa ko a'a.
Idan kun tuna, RIP yana aika da sabuntawa na cikkaken topology na cibiyar sadarwa kowane sakan 30. EIGRP yana yin haka ne kawai idan sabuwar na'ura ta bayyana akan hanyar sadarwar ko wasu canje-canje sun faru. Idan subnet topology ya canza, ka'idar za ta aika sabuntawa, amma ba cikakken teburin topology ba, amma kawai bayanan da wannan canji. Idan subnet ya canza, topology kawai za a sabunta. Wannan yana bayyana a matsayin sabuntawar wani ɓangare wanda ke faruwa lokacin da ake buƙata.
Kamar yadda kuka sani, OSPF tana aika LSAs kowane minti 30, ba tare da la'akari da ko akwai wasu canje-canje ga hanyar sadarwar ba. EIGRP ba zai aika da wani sabuntawa na tsawon lokaci ba har sai an sami ɗan canji a hanyar sadarwar. Saboda haka, EIGRP ya fi OSPF aiki sosai.
Bayan masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa sun yi musayar fakitin sabuntawa, mataki na uku ya fara - samar da tebur mai juyawa bisa ma'auni, wanda aka lasafta ta amfani da dabarar da aka nuna a cikin adadi. Ta lissafta kudin ta yanke shawara bisa wannan kudin.
Bari mu ɗauka cewa R1 ya aika Hello zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R2, kuma wannan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ya aika Hello zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R1. Idan duk sigogi sun dace, masu amfani da hanyar sadarwa suna ƙirƙirar tebur na makwabta. A cikin wannan tebur, R2 ya rubuta shigarwa game da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R1, kuma R1 yana haifar da shigarwa game da R2. Bayan haka, na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R1 yana aika sabuntawa zuwa cibiyar sadarwar 10.1.1.0/24 da aka haɗa da ita. A cikin tebur na tuƙi, wannan yana kama da bayani game da adireshin IP na cibiyar sadarwar, hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa da ke ba da sadarwa tare da shi, da farashin hanyar ta wannan hanyar sadarwa. Idan kun tuna, farashin EIGRP shine 90, sannan ana nuna ƙimar Distance, wanda zamuyi magana game da shi daga baya.
Cikakken tsarin awo yana kama da rikitarwa sosai, tunda ya haɗa da ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar K da canje-canje daban-daban. Gidan yanar gizon Cisco yana ba da cikakkiyar nau'i na dabara, amma idan kun maye gurbin tsoffin ƙimar ƙima, za a canza shi zuwa mafi sauƙi tsari - ma'aunin zai yi daidai da (bandwidth + Jinkiri) * 256.
Za mu yi amfani da wannan sauƙaƙan nau'i na dabara don ƙididdige ma'auni, inda bandwidth a cikin kilobits daidai yake da 107, an raba shi ta mafi ƙarancin bandwidth na duk musaya da ke kaiwa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa mafi ƙanƙanta-bandwidth, kuma tara-jinkiri shine jimlar. jinkiri a cikin dubun daƙiƙai don duk musaya masu kai ga hanyar sadarwa.
Lokacin koyon EIGRP, muna buƙatar fahimtar ma'anoni guda huɗu: Tazara mai yuwuwa, Nisa da aka ruwaito, Magaji (Makwabci na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tare da mafi ƙarancin hanyar hanyar sadarwa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa), da Magajin Mai yiwuwa (Makwabcin na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa). Don fahimtar abin da suke nufi, yi la'akari da topology na cibiyar sadarwa mai zuwa.
Bari mu fara da ƙirƙirar tebur R1 don zaɓar mafi kyawun hanya zuwa hanyar sadarwa 10.1.1.0/24. Kusa da kowace na'ura ana nuna abin da aka samar a cikin kbit/s da latency a cikin ms. Muna amfani da 100 Mbps ko 1000000 kbps GigabitEthernet musaya, 100000 kbps FastEthernet, 10000 kbps Ethernet, da 1544 kbps serial musaya. Ana iya gano waɗannan dabi'u ta hanyar duba halayen ma'amalar mu'amala ta zahiri a cikin saitunan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa.
Tsohuwar kayan aiki na Serial Interfaces shine 1544 kbps, kuma koda kuna da layin 64 kbps, kayan aikin zai kasance 1544 kbps. Don haka, a matsayin mai gudanar da hanyar sadarwa, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa kuna amfani da ƙimar bandwidth daidai. Don takamaiman ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, ana iya saita shi ta amfani da umarnin bandwidth, kuma ta amfani da umarnin jinkirta, zaku iya canza ƙimar jinkirin tsoho. Ba dole ba ne ku damu da tsoffin ƙimar bandwidth don GigabitEthernet ko Ethernet musaya, amma ku mai da hankali lokacin zabar saurin layin idan kuna amfani da Serial interface.
Da fatan za a lura cewa a cikin wannan zanen ana tsammanin an nuna jinkirin a cikin milliseconds ms, amma a zahiri yana da daƙiƙa guda, ba ni da harafin μ don nuna daidai microseconds μs.
Da fatan za a kula sosai ga gaskiyar mai zuwa. Idan kun ba da umarnin g0/0 nunin nuni, tsarin zai nuna latency a cikin dubun seconds maimakon microseconds kawai.
Za mu dubi wannan batu dalla-dalla a cikin bidiyo na gaba akan daidaita EIGRP, don yanzu ku tuna cewa lokacin canza ƙimar latency a cikin dabarar, 100 μs daga zane ya juya zuwa 10, tunda tsarin yana amfani da dubun microseconds, ba raka'a ba.
A cikin zane, zan nuna tare da jajayen ɗigo masu mu'amala waɗanda abubuwan da aka nuna da jinkirin ke da alaƙa da su.
Da farko, muna buƙatar ƙayyade yiwuwar Tazara mai yiwuwa. Wannan shine ma'aunin FD, wanda aka lissafta ta amfani da dabara. Don sashin daga R5 zuwa cibiyar sadarwar waje, muna buƙatar raba 107 ta hanyar 106, sakamakon haka muna samun 10. Bayan haka, zuwa wannan ƙimar bandwidth muna buƙatar ƙara jinkiri daidai da 1, saboda muna da microseconds 10, wato. daya goma. Sakamakon ƙimar 11 dole ne a ninka ta da 256, wato, ƙimar awo za ta zama 2816. Wannan shine ƙimar FD na wannan sashe na cibiyar sadarwa.
Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R5 zai aika wannan darajar zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R2, kuma ga R2 zai zama bayyana Rahoto Distance, wato, darajar da makwabcin ya gaya masa. Don haka, nisan RD da aka yi talla ga duk sauran na'urori zai zama daidai da yuwuwar tazarar FD na na'urar da ta ba ku rahoto.
Router R2 yana yin lissafin FD ne bisa bayanansa, wato ya raba 107 zuwa 105 kuma ya sami 100. Sannan ya ƙara wa wannan darajar jimlar jinkirin da aka samu akan hanyar zuwa cibiyar sadarwar waje: jinkirin R5, daidai da microsecond goma, kuma jinkirinsa, daidai da goma. Jimlar jinkirin zai zama dubun 11 na mikrose seconds. Mun ƙara shi zuwa ɗari da aka samu kuma mu sami 111, ninka wannan darajar ta 256 kuma mu sami darajar FD = 28416. Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R3 yana yin haka, yana karɓar bayan lissafin ƙimar FD=281856. Router R4 yana ƙididdige ƙimar FD=3072 kuma yana aika shi zuwa R1 azaman RD.
Lura cewa lokacin ƙididdige FD, na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R1 ba ya maye gurbin nasa bandwidth na 1000000 kbit/s a cikin dabarar, amma ƙananan bandwidth na na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R2, wanda yake daidai da 100000 kbit/s, saboda tsarin koyaushe yana amfani da mafi ƙarancin bandwidth. da ke dubawa da ke kaiwa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa ta alkibla . A wannan yanayin, masu amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa R10.1.1.0 da R24 suna kan hanyar zuwa hanyar sadarwa 2/5, amma tun da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa na biyar yana da babban bandwidth mafi girma, an maye gurbin ƙaramin bandwidth na na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R2 a cikin dabara. Jimlar jinkirin da ke kan hanyar R1-R2-R5 shine 1+10+1 (tens) = 12, raguwar kayan aiki shine 100, kuma jimlar waɗannan lambobin da aka ninka da 256 yana ba da darajar FD=30976.
Don haka, duk na'urori sun ƙididdige FD na musayansu, kuma na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R1 yana da hanyoyi 3 da ke kaiwa ga hanyar sadarwar da aka nufa. Waɗannan su ne hanyoyin R1-R2, R1-R3 da R1-R4. Mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa yana zaɓar mafi ƙarancin ƙimar yiwuwar nisa FD, wanda yayi daidai da 30976 - wannan shine hanyar zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R2. Wannan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa ya zama magaji, ko "majiyi". Teburin kewayawa kuma yana nuna Majiɓin Maɗaukaki (Majiɓincin madadin) - yana nufin cewa idan haɗin tsakanin R1 da Magaji ya karye, za a bi hanyar ta hanyar na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa.
Ana ba da ƙwararrun masu nasara bisa ga ƙa'ida ɗaya: tazarar da aka yi tallar RD na wannan na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa dole ne ya zama ƙasa da FD na na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa a cikin sashin zuwa ga Magaji. A cikin yanayinmu, R1-R2 yana da FD = 30976, RD a cikin sashe R1-K3 daidai yake da 281856, kuma RD a cikin sashin R1-R4 daidai yake da 3072. Tun da 3072 <30976, an zaɓi na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa R4 a matsayin masu nasara masu yiwuwa.
Wannan yana nufin cewa idan sadarwa ta lalace a sashin hanyar sadarwa na R1-R2, za a aika da zirga-zirga zuwa hanyar sadarwar 10.1.1.0/24 ta hanyar R1-R4-R5. Canja hanya yayin amfani da RIP yana ɗaukar daƙiƙa da yawa, lokacin amfani da OSPF yana ɗaukar daƙiƙa da yawa, kuma a cikin EIGRP yana faruwa nan take. Wannan wata fa'ida ce ta EIGRP akan sauran ka'idojin zirga-zirga.
Me zai faru idan duka Magaji da Magajin da za a iya cirewa an katse su a lokaci guda? A wannan yanayin, EIGRP yana amfani da DUAL algorithm, wanda zai iya ƙididdige hanyar madadin ta hanyar yiwuwar magaji. Wannan na iya ɗaukar daƙiƙa da yawa, a lokacin da EIGRP za ta sami wani maƙwabcin da za a iya amfani da shi don tura zirga-zirgar da kuma sanya bayanansa a cikin tebur ɗin tuƙi. Bayan wannan, yarjejeniya za ta ci gaba da aikin ta na yau da kullun.
Na gode da kasancewa tare da mu. Kuna son labaran mu? Kuna son ganin ƙarin abun ciki mai ban sha'awa? Goyon bayan mu ta hanyar ba da oda ko ba da shawara ga abokai, Rangwamen 30% ga masu amfani da Habr akan keɓaɓɓen analogue na sabar matakin shigarwa, wanda mu muka ƙirƙira muku: (akwai tare da RAID1 da RAID10, har zuwa 24 cores kuma har zuwa 40GB DDR4).
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source: www.habr.com