A lokacin haɓakawa na farko, kayan aikin Cibiyar Gudanar da Windows ana kiranta Project Honolulu.

A matsayin ɓangare na sabis na VDS (Virtual Dedicated Server), abokin ciniki yana karɓar sabar kwazo mai kama-da-wane tare da iyakar gata. Kuna iya shigar da kowane OS daga hoton ku akansa ko amfani da hoton da aka shirya a cikin kwamitin kulawa.

Bari mu ce mai amfani ya zaɓi Windows Server cikakke ko shigar da hoto na sigar da aka cire na Windows Server Core, wanda ke ɗaukar kusan 500 MB ƙasa da RAM fiye da cikakken sigar Windows Server. Bari mu ga irin kayan aikin da ake buƙata don sarrafa irin wannan uwar garken.

A ka'ida, muna da hanyoyi da yawa don sarrafa VDS a ƙarƙashin Windows Server:

• PowerShell;
• Sconfig;
• Kayayyakin Gudanar da Sabar (RSAT);
• Windows Admin Center.

A aikace, ana amfani da zaɓuɓɓuka biyu na ƙarshe: kayan aikin sarrafa nesa na RSAT tare da manajan sabar, da Cibiyar Gudanar da Windows (WAC).

Kayayyakin Gudanar da Sabar Nesa (RSAT)

Shigarwa a kan Windows 10

Don sarrafa sabar daga nesa daga Windows 10, ana amfani da kayan aikin sarrafa uwar garken nesa, waɗanda suka haɗa da:

• manajan uwar garken;
• Microsoft Management Console (MMC) karye;
• consoles;
• Windows PowerShell cmdlets da masu samarwa;
• Shirye-shiryen layin umarni don sarrafa ayyuka da fasali a cikin Windows Server.

Takaddun sun ce Kayan aikin Gudanarwar Sabar Nesa sun haɗa da Windows PowerShell cmdlet modules waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don sarrafa ayyuka da fasalulluka masu gudana akan sabar nesa. Ko da yake Windows PowerShell management na nesa yana aiki ta tsohuwa a cikin Windows Server, ba a kunna shi ta tsohuwa a cikin Windows 10. Don gudanar da cmdlets waɗanda ke ɓangare na Kayan Gudanar da Gudanarwa na Nesa akan uwar garken nesa, gudu. Enable-PSremoting a cikin maɗaukakin zaman Windows PowerShell (wato, tare da Zaɓin Run a matsayin mai gudanarwa) akan kwamfutar abokin ciniki na Windows bayan shigar da Kayan Gudanar da Sabar Nesa.

An fara da Windows 10 Sabunta Oktoba 2018, Kayan aikin Gudanarwa Mai Nisa suna haɗawa azaman fasalin da ake buƙata wanda aka saita kai tsaye a cikin Windows 10. Yanzu, maimakon zazzage fakitin, zaku iya zuwa Sarrafa Features shafi na Zaɓuɓɓuka a ƙarƙashin Saituna kuma danna Ƙara bangaren " don duba jerin kayan aikin da ake da su.

Za a iya shigar da kayan aikin sarrafa uwar garke mai nisa akan nau'ikan ƙwararru ko Kasuwanci na tsarin aiki. Ba a samun waɗannan kayan aikin a cikin Gida ko daidaitattun bugu. Anan ga cikakken jerin abubuwan RSAT a cikin Windows 10:

• RSAT: Module Kwafi na Ma'ajiya don PowerShell
• RSAT: Active Directory Certificate Services Services
• RSAT: Kayan aikin Kunna ƙara
• RSAT: Kayayyakin Sabis na Desks
• RSAT: Kayan Aikin Gudanar da Manufofin Rukuni
• Kayayyakin Gudanar da Sabar Mai Nisa: Manajan Sabar
• Kayayyakin Gudanar da Sabar Nesa: Module Nazartar Tsari don Windows PowerShell
• Kayan aikin sarrafa uwar garken nesa: Abokin Ciniki na Adireshin IP (IPAM).
• Kayayyakin Gudanar da Sabar Mai Nisa: Abubuwan Gudanar da ɓoye ɓoyewar BitLocker Drive
• Kayan aikin sarrafa uwar garken nesa: Kayan aikin uwar garken DHCP
• Kayan aikin sarrafa uwar garken nesa: Kayan aikin uwar garken DNS
• Kayayyakin Gudanar da Sabar Mai Nisa: Kayan aikin LLDP don Gadar Cibiyar Bayanai
• Kayan aikin gudanarwar uwar garken nesa: kayan aikin sarrafa kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa
• Kayan aikin gudanarwar uwar garken nesa: Sabis na Domain Directory Active da Ayyukan Sabis na Darakta mara nauyi
• Kayan aikin gudanarwa na uwar garken nesa: kayan aikin tari mai kasawa
• Kayayyakin Gudanarwar Sabar Nesa: Kayan Aikin Sabunta Sabis na Windows Server
• Kayan aikin gudanarwar uwar garken nesa: kayan aikin sarrafa cibiyar sadarwa
• Kayan aikin sarrafa uwar garke mai nisa: kayan aikin gudanarwa mai nisa
• Kayan aikin sarrafa uwar garken nesa: kayan aikin sabis na fayil
• Kayan aikin sarrafa uwar garke mai nisa: kayan aikin injin kama-da-wane

Bayan shigar da Kayan aikin Gudanarwa na Nesa don Windows 10, babban fayil ɗin Kayan aikin Gudanarwa yana bayyana a cikin Fara menu.

A cikin Kayan Aikin Gudanar da Sabar Mai Nisa don Windows 10, duk kayan aikin gudanarwar uwar garken hoto, kamar MMC snap-ins da akwatunan maganganu, ana samun su daga menu na Kayan aiki a cikin na'ura mai sarrafa uwar garken.

Yawancin kayan aikin an haɗa su tare da Manajan Sabar, don haka dole ne a fara ƙara sabar masu nisa zuwa tafkin uwar garken Manager a cikin menu na Kayan aiki.

Shigarwa a kan Windows Server

Sabar masu nisa dole ne su sami ikon sarrafa nesa na Windows PowerShell da Server Manager don sarrafa su ta amfani da Kayan aikin Gudanarwa na Nesa don Windows 10. Ana kunna sarrafa nesa ta tsohuwa akan sabar da ke gudana Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2 da Windows Server 2012.

Don ba da izinin sarrafa nisa na kwamfutarka ta amfani da Manajan Sabar ko Windows PowerShell, zaɓi Akwatin rajistan Shigar da damar shiga nisa zuwa wannan uwar garken daga wasu kwamfutoci. A kan taskbar Windows, danna "Server Manager", a kan Fara allon - "Server Manager", a cikin "Properties" yankin a kan "Local Servers" shafi, kana bukatar ka danna hyperlink darajar domin "Remote Control" dukiya. kuma akwatin rajistan da ake so zai kasance a wurin.

Wani zaɓi don kunna ramut akan kwamfutar Windows Server shine umarni mai zuwa:

Configure-SMremoting.exe-Enable

Duba saitin ramut na yanzu:

Configure-SMremoting.exe-Get

Ko da yake Windows PowerShell cmdlets da kayan aikin gudanarwa na layin umarni ba a jera su a cikin na'ura mai sarrafa uwar garken uwar garken ba, ana kuma shigar da su azaman ɓangare na Kayan Gudanarwa na Nesa. Misali, bude zaman Windows PowerShell kuma gudanar da cmdlet:

Get-Command -Module RDManagement

Kuma muna ganin jerin ayyukan cmdlets masu nisa. Yanzu suna samuwa don aiki akan kwamfutar ku ta gida.

Hakanan zaka iya sarrafa sabar masu nisa daga Windows Server. Dangane da gwaji, a cikin Windows Server 2012 da daga baya bugu na Windows Server, ana iya amfani da Manajan Sabar don sarrafa har zuwa sabar 100 da aka tsara don gudanar da aikin yau da kullun. Adadin sabar da za a iya sarrafa ta ta amfani da na'ura mai sarrafa uwar garken guda ɗaya ya dogara da adadin bayanan da ake buƙata daga uwar garken da aka sarrafa da kayan masarufi da albarkatun cibiyar sadarwa da ke cikin kwamfutar da ke gudanar da Manajan Sabar.

Ba za a iya amfani da Manajan uwar garken don sarrafa sabbin bugu na tsarin aiki na Windows Server ba. Misali, Manajan Sabar da ke tafiyar da Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, ko Windows 8 ba za a iya amfani da su ba don sarrafa sabar da ke gudana Windows Server 2016.

Manajan uwar garken yana ba ka damar ƙara sabobin don sarrafa a cikin akwatin maganganu na Ƙara Sabar ta hanyoyi uku.

• Wurin Sabis na Directory Active yana ƙara sabobin don Gudanarwar Directory Active waɗanda ke cikin yanki ɗaya da kwamfutar gida.
• "Rikodin Sabis na Suna" (DNS) - bincika sabobin don gudanarwa ta sunan kwamfuta ko adireshin IP.
• "Shigo da sabar da yawa". Ƙayyade sabar da yawa don shigo da su cikin fayil mai ɗauke da sabar da aka jera ta sunan kwamfuta ko adireshin IP.

Lokacin da ka ƙara sabar mai nisa zuwa Manajan Sabar, wasu daga cikinsu na iya buƙatar bayanan shaidar wani asusun mai amfani don samun dama ko sarrafa su. Don tantance takaddun shaida ban da waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don shiga kwamfutar da ke gudana Manajan Sabar, yi amfani da umarnin Sarrafa As bayan ƙara uwar garken zuwa manajan. Ana kiran shi ta danna dama akan shigarwa don uwar garken da aka sarrafa a cikin tayal "Server" rawar ko shafin gida na rukuni. Idan ka danna Sarrafa As, akwatin maganganu zai buɗe. "Windows Tsaro", inda zaku iya shigar da sunan mai amfani wanda ke da haƙƙin shiga akan uwar garken da aka sarrafa a cikin ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan.

User name
Имя пользователя@example.domain.com
Домен  Имя пользователя

Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Windows (WAC)

Baya ga daidaitattun kayan aikin, Microsoft kuma yana ba da Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Windows (WAC), sabon kayan aikin gudanarwar uwar garken. Yana shigar gida a cikin kayan aikin ku kuma yana ba ku damar gudanar da kan-gidaje da misalan Windows Server na gajimare, Windows 10 inji, gungu, da abubuwan more rayuwa masu haɗuwa.

Don aiwatar da ayyuka, ana amfani da fasahar sarrafa nesa WinRM, WMI da rubutun PowerShell. A yau, WAC ta cika, maimakon maye gurbin, kayan aikin gudanarwa na yanzu. A cewar wasu masana, yin amfani da aikace-aikacen yanar gizo maimakon samun dama ga tebur mai nisa don gudanarwa shima kyakkyawan dabarun tsaro ne.

Wata hanya ko wata, Cibiyar Gudanar da Windows ba ta cikin tsarin aiki, don haka an shigar da ita daban. Ana bukata zazzagewa daga gidan yanar gizon Microsoft.

Mahimmanci, Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Windows tana haɗa sanannun kayan aikin RSAT da Manajan Sarrafa zuwa cikin mahaɗin yanar gizo guda ɗaya.

Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Windows tana gudana a cikin mai bincike kuma tana sarrafa Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, Windows 10, Azure Stack HCI, da sauran nau'ikan ta hanyar ƙofar Cibiyar Admin Windows da aka sanya akan Windows Server ko haɗa zuwa Windows 10 yankin Ƙofar tana sarrafa sabar ta amfani da PowerShell mai nisa da WMI ta WinRM. Wannan shi ne yadda duk kewayen ke kama:

Ƙofar Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Windows tana ba ku damar haɗawa da sarrafa sabar daga ko'ina ta hanyar bincike.

Manajan Gudanar da Sabar a Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Windows ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

• nunin albarkatu da amfani da su;
• gudanar da takaddun shaida;
• sarrafa na'urar;
• kallon taron;
• madugu;
• gudanar da firewall;
• gudanar da aikace-aikacen da aka shigar;
• kafa masu amfani da ƙungiyoyi na gida;
• sigogi na cibiyar sadarwa;
• duba da kawo karshen matakai, da kuma samar da juji na tsari;
• canza wurin yin rajista;
• gudanar da ayyukan da aka tsara;
• Gudanar da sabis na Windows;
• kunna ko kashe ayyuka da fasali;
• sarrafa na'urori masu kama-da-wane na Hyper-V da maɓalli mai kama-da-wane;
• sarrafa ajiya;
• sarrafa kwafin ajiya;
• Gudanar da sabunta Windows;
• PowerShell console;
• haɗi zuwa tebur mai nisa.

Wato, kusan cikakken aikin RSAT, amma ba duka ba (duba ƙasa).

Ana iya shigar da Cibiyar Admin Windows akan Windows Server ko Windows 10 don sarrafa sabar nesa.

WAC+RSAT da kuma gaba

WAC yana ba da damar yin amfani da fayil, faifai da sarrafa na'ura, da kuma gyara wurin yin rajista - duk waɗannan ayyukan sun ɓace daga RSAT, kuma sarrafa diski da na'ura a cikin RSAT yana yiwuwa ne kawai tare da ƙirar hoto.

A gefe guda, kayan aikin samun damar nesa na RSAT suna ba mu cikakken iko akan ayyukan da ke kan uwar garken, yayin da WAC ba ta da amfani a wannan fanni.

Don haka, zamu iya yanke cewa don sarrafa cikakken sabar mai nisa, ana buƙatar haɗin WAC + RSAT yanzu. Amma Microsoft ya ci gaba da haɓaka Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Windows azaman hanyar sarrafa hoto guda ɗaya don Windows Server 2019 tare da haɗin cikakken aikin Manajan Sabar da Maɓallin Gudanar da Microsoft (MMC).

Cibiyar Gudanarwa ta Windows a halin yanzu kyauta ce azaman ƙarin software, amma yana kama da Microsoft yana ganinta azaman kayan aikin sarrafa sabar na farko a nan gaba. Yana yiwuwa a cikin shekaru biyu WAC za a haɗa a cikin Windows Server, kamar yadda aka haɗa RSAT yanzu.

Hakoki na Talla

VDSina yana ba da damar yin oda Virtual uwar garken akan Windows. Muna amfani ne kawai sabon kayan aiki, mafi kyawun irinsa panel kula da uwar garken mallakar mallaka da kuma wasu mafi kyawun cibiyoyin bayanai a Rasha da EU. An haɗa lasisin Windows Server 2012, 2016, ko 2019 a cikin farashin tsare-tsare tare da 4 GB RAM ko mafi girma. Yi sauri don yin oda!

source: www.habr.com