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Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi cikakken shigarwa na yanayin aiki na Linux tare da yanayin tebur mai hoto akan na'urorin Android.
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman fasahar da yawancin tsarin Linux akan Android ke amfani dashi shine . Wannan aiwatar da sararin samaniya ne na mai amfani na kayan aikin chroot, wanda ya shahara sosai akan kwamfutoci da sabar Linux. Koyaya, kayan aikin chroot yana buƙatar izinin masu amfani da tushen, waɗanda ba su samuwa ta hanyar tsoho akan Android. pRoot yana ba da wannan fa'ida ta hanyar kafa daurin directory.
Linux tashoshi
Ba duk masu kwaikwaiyo na Linux na Android ba ne ke da saitin kayan aikin BusyBox, sabanin, misali, Termux. Dalilin wannan shi ne cewa gaba ɗaya batu na irin waɗannan tsarin shine don samar da "cikakken" shigarwa na duk kayan aikin OS, yayin da BusyBox an tsara shi don tara duk abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su a cikin fayil ɗin binary guda ɗaya. A kan tsarin da ba a shigar da BusyBox ba, ana amfani da bootstrap na Linux, wanda ya ƙunshi cikakkun nau'ikan shirye-shiryen.
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Saita shiga da kalmar wucewa don rarrabawa da VNC a cikin UserLand.
Koyaya, waɗannan tsarin sun ƙunshi ƙarin fasaha waɗanda baya buƙatar Termux. Wannan labarin zai rufe cikakken shigarwa na rarraba Linux, da kuma tebur na GUI. Amma da farko kana buƙatar zaɓar yadda ake shigar da tsarin zane.
Linux akan Android
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, fakitin software da za mu sanya suna gudana a cikin sararin mai amfani.
Wannan yana nufin cewa kawai suna da izini ga mai amfani da yanzu, wanda a cikin yanayin Android OS koyaushe mai amfani ne, watau. ba shi da haƙƙin gudanarwa. Koyaya, don shigar da tebur na Linux, za mu buƙaci shigar da uwar garken hoto kamar X ko Wayland. Idan muka yi haka a cikin yanayin aiki na Linux, zai yi aiki a matsayin mai amfani na yau da kullun, ba tare da samun damar yin amfani da layin zane na Android OS ba. Sabili da haka dole ne mu duba wajen shigar da uwar garken a cikin "daidaitacce" hanyar Android, ta yadda za ta sami damar yin amfani da kayan aiki da kuma ikon tallafawa yanayi mai hoto.
Masu wayo a cikin al'ummar haɓakawa sun fito da mafita guda biyu don wannan matsala. Na farko shine amfani da nau'ikan Linux ɗin ku (yawanci Server X). Da zarar sun fara aiki a bango, za ku sami damar yin amfani da wannan tsarin ta hanyar VNC. Idan na'urar ku ta Android ta riga tana da shirin kallon VNC don mu'amala mai nisa da sauran kwamfutoci, kawai ku yi amfani da shi don samun damar shiga nesa zuwa gidan mai masaukin baki. Wannan mafita ce mai sauƙi don aiwatarwa, amma wasu masu amfani sun ba da rahoton samun wahalar samun shirin yin aiki.
Zabi na biyu shine shigar da uwar garken da aka ƙera musamman don na'urorin Android. Akwai wasu sabar a Play Store a cikin nau'ikan biya da kyauta. Kafin shigarwa, kuna buƙatar bincika ko zaɓin zaɓin yana da tallafi ko aƙalla yana aiki tare da kunshin software na Linux don Android wanda zaku girka. Mun fi son tsarin X-Server, don haka mun yi amfani da fakitin software na XServer XSDL (). Wannan labarin zai bayyana tsarin shigarwa don wannan uwar garken, kodayake yana iya ɗan bambanta idan kuna da wani aikace-aikacen da aka shigar ko kuna amfani da VNC.
Zaɓin tsarin
Kamar yadda yake da X-Servers, akwai aikace-aikace da yawa a cikin Play Store don shigar da rarrabawar Linux. Anan, kamar yadda yake tare da Termux, za mu mai da hankali kan zaɓuɓɓuka waɗanda ba sa buƙatar gata na masu amfani, wanda hakan ya haɗa da ƙayyadaddun haɗari. Waɗannan ƙa'idodin suna ba da duk ayyukan da yawancin masu amfani ke buƙata yayin kiyaye bayanan ku. A ƙasa akwai misalan irin waɗannan aikace-aikacen a cikin Play Store:
- : Shahararren zaɓi tsakanin masu amfani. Aikace-aikacen ya ƙunshi saitin rarrabawa gama gari: Debian, Ubuntu, Arch da Kali. Abin sha'awa, duk da rashin zaɓuɓɓukan tushen RPM, UserLANd ya haɗa da Alpine Linux don na'urori masu ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwa.
- : Wannan aikace-aikacen yana taimakawa wajen shigar da jeri ɗaya ko fiye na manyan rabawa kuma yana iya haɗawa da Ubuntu/Debian, Fedora/CentOS, openSUSE har ma da Kali. A can kuma zaku iya zaɓar zaɓuɓɓukan tebur masu rahusa: Xfce4, MATE, LXQtand LXDE. Don aiki, dole ne a shigar da Termux, kuma tsarin aiki na Android dole ne ya zama 5.0 ko sama.
- yayi kama da AnLinux. Yiwuwa mafi kyawun ƙira fiye da ƙa'idar da ta gabata, amma tana goyan bayan ƙarancin rarrabawa.
- : Wannan aikin ya fara ne azaman bambance-bambancen Linux akan Android kuma an haɓaka shi don shirye-shiryen buɗe tushen. Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, yana mai da hankali kan rarrabawar Debian, yayin da 'X' a ƙarshen yana nufin aikace-aikacen yana nufin tebur mai hoto. Kuma duk da cewa masu ƙirƙira sun dakatar da haɓaka aikin don kare martabar UserLand, GNURoot WheezyX har yanzu yana kan Play Store idan kowa yana buƙata.
Marubutan wannan labarin za su yi amfani da aikace-aikacen UserLANd don shigar da tebur na Linux akan Android, kuma akwai dalilai da yawa na wannan. Da fari dai, aikace-aikacen bude tushe ne (ko da yake AnLinux ma). Abu na biyu, yana ba da zaɓi mai kyau na rarrabawa (ko da yake bai haɗa da Fedora ko CentOS ba), kuma yana ba ku damar shigar da rarrabawa tare da ƙarancin tsarin buƙatun da ba zai ɗauki sarari da yawa akan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar wayarku ba. Amma babban fa'idar UserLANd shine yana da kayan aikin tallafi don shigar da aikace-aikacen mutum ɗaya maimakon duka rarrabawa. Za mu gano ainihin ma'anar wannan a gare mu daga baya. Yanzu bari mu shigar UserLand a kan na'urarka.
UserLand aikace-aikace
Zazzage wannan app daga Google Play ko F-Droid () a kan Android OS. Yana shigarwa kamar kowane aikace-aikacen - ba kwa buƙatar yin wani abu na musamman a nan. Bayan haka, ƙaddamar da shi daga aljihunan aikace-aikacen.
Abu na farko da za ku ga akwai jerin abubuwan rarrabawa. A ƙarshe zaku iya samun zaɓuɓɓukan tebur guda biyu: LXDE da Xfce4. An zagaye shi ta aikace-aikacen Firefox, wasanni biyu da kayan aikin ofis da yawa: GIMP, Inkscape da LibreOfce. Ana kiran wannan shafin "Aikace-aikace". An yi niyya don shigar da aikace-aikace.
Da zarar ka shigar da wani abu, shigarwar da ta dace game da shi za ta bayyana a cikin shafin "Zama". Anan zaku iya farawa ko dakatar da zaman na yanzu, da kuma duba hanyoyin tafiyarwa.
"Filesystems" shine shafi na ƙarshe wanda ke nuna kayan aikin da aka riga aka gama. Yana da kyau a lura cewa bayan ka share duk wani abu daga Fayil ɗin Fayil ɗin, za a goge bayanan game da shi daga shafin Zama, wanda, duk da haka, bai tabbatar da in ba haka ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa zaku iya ƙirƙirar sabon zama bisa tsarin fayil na yanzu. Yana da sauƙin fahimtar yadda wannan dangantakar ke aiki idan kun gan ta a aikace, don haka za mu fara da shigar da aikace-aikacen a cikin tsarin tsarin UserLand.
Kafin shigar da rarrabawa akan wayoyinku, dole ne ku ba UserLANd damar zuwa ma'ajiyar.
Rarrabawa a cikin UserLand
Zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin rarrabawar da ke kan allon Apps don sanyawa akan na'urarka. Za mu yi amfani da Ubuntu a matsayin misali. Lokacin da ka danna gunkin, akwatin maganganu yana bayyana yana neman sunan mai amfani, kalmar sirri, da kalmar wucewa ta VNC. Sannan zaɓi hanyar da zaku sami damar rarrabawa. Zazzagewar za ta fara, lokacin da za a yi amfani da hoton tushe na rarrabawar da aka zaɓa. Za a buɗe fayil ɗin a cikin kundin adireshin UserLANd.
Da zarar an gama zazzagewar, koma zuwa xterm terminal emulator. Kuna iya ba da umarnin mai amfani don gano nau'in Linux ɗin da kuka shigar:
uname –aMataki na gaba shine shigar da tebur ta amfani da umarnin mai amfani Ubuntu:
sudo apt install lxdeMataki na ƙarshe shine tabbatar da cewa sabon yanayin tebur ɗin ku yana shirye don aiki. Don yin wannan kuna buƙatar gyara fayil ɗin xinitrcfile, wanda a halin yanzu yana da layi daya kawai /usr/bin/twm. Yana buƙatar canza shi zuwa /usr/bin/startlxde. Yanzu fita zaman XSDL (tabbatar da danna maballin STOP a cikin wurin sanarwa), riƙe maɓallin "Jerin Ubuntu" a kan Sessions shafin, sannan danna "Dakatar da Zama" kuma sake kunna zaman. Bayan ƴan daƙiƙa, yanayin tsarin LXDE yakamata ya bayyana. Kuna iya yin abubuwa iri ɗaya a ciki kamar akan tebur na yau da kullun. Yana iya zama ɗan ƙarami kaɗan kuma a hankali - za ku jira tsawon lokaci don danna maɓalli a kan na'ura fiye da yadda kuke yi tare da madannai da linzamin kwamfuta. Bari mu ga daidai yadda za mu iya inganta tsarin tsarin Linux akan wayar hannu.
Jagora mai sauri zuwa UserLand
Binciken kusa da abubuwan da ke cikin faifan tebur yana nuna ainihin nishaɗin sigar tebur. Idan kana amfani da UserLANd akan na'urar da ke da madannai da linzamin kwamfuta (ko an haɗa ta Bluetooth ko akasin haka), zai kasance da sauƙi a gare ka ka daidaita da amfani da yanayin tsarin Linux ta wannan tsari. Sai dai dan kadan, wanda ya zo daga gaskiyar cewa siginan kwamfuta na X-Windows yana aiki tare da siginan na'urar Android, komai yana aiki lafiya.
Abu na farko da za ku so ku yi shi ne daidaita tsarin rubutu na tsoho saboda font ɗin tebur ɗin ya yi girma sosai don allon wayar ku. Je zuwa babban menu, sannan zaɓi Saituna → Daidaita bayyanar da widgets → Widget. Anan zaku iya canza girman font tsoho zuwa zaɓi mafi dacewa don wayarka.
Na gaba, kuna iya shigar da shirye-shiryen da kuka fi so cikin yanayin tsarin Linux. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, umarnin mai amfani ba zai yi aiki a wannan yanayin ba, don haka jin daɗin amfani da kayan aiki na gaske wanda ba makawa ba ne wanda aka shigar a cikin tsarin tsarin UserLANd, wanda ake kira ASAP:
sudo apt install emacs
Ana gabatar da rarrabawa a cikin aikace-aikacen a cikin nau'i na zaman. Kuna iya farawa da rufe su.
Bayan shigar da rarraba, za ka iya ƙara yanayin tebur tare da daidaitattun umarni.
Wataƙila kuna buƙatar madadin hanyoyin haɗin kai don rarraba ku. Domin kawai kun shigar da XSDL da farko ba yana nufin ya zama iri ɗaya koyaushe ba. Zaka iya ƙirƙirar wani asusu a shafin Zama kuma zaɓi wani uwar garken daban. Kawai tabbatar da nuna shi zuwa tsarin fayil iri ɗaya. UserLANd zai yi ƙoƙarin jagorantar ku zuwa madaidaicin aikace-aikacen don kafa sabon nau'in haɗi: ko dai XSDL, ConnectBot don SSH, ko bVNC.
Koyaya, dagewar da app ɗin ke jagorantar ku kai tsaye zuwa Play Store lokacin da kuke ƙoƙarin sake haɗawa na iya zama mai ban haushi. Don dakatar da wannan, kawai canza uwar garken ta hanyar shigar da aikace-aikace na musamman. Don shigar da SSH, zaɓi tsohuwar amintaccen VX ConnectBot. Kawai shiga tashar jiragen ruwa 2022 akan wurin aiki tare da sunan mai amfani da kalmar wucewa. Domin haɗawa da uwar garken VNC, kawai shigar da kasuwanci, amma ta fuskoki da yawa ci gaba, Jump Desktop Application, kuma buga adireshin 127.0.0.1:5951.
Muna fatan kun tuna kalmar sirri ta VNC da kuka saita lokacin da kuka ƙirƙiri tsarin fayil.
Hakanan zaka iya samun damar zama na UserLANda na yanzu ta amfani da makamantan kayan aikin akan wata kwamfuta akan hanyar sadarwar ku. Ya isa ya haɗa SSH zuwa zaman gudana (tare da nau'in haɗin SSH, ba shakka) ta amfani da tashar Linux, misali, Konsole, ko haɗa zuwa zaman VNC ta amfani da KRDC. Kawai maye gurbin adiresoshin gida akan allon kwamfutarka tare da adiresoshin IP na Android ɗinku.
Haɗe da nau'ikan aikace-aikacen šaukuwa guda biyu, wannan saitin zai ba ku ingantaccen tsarin Linux mai ɗaukuwa wanda zaku iya haɗawa da kowace kwamfuta a halin yanzu.
source: www.habr.com