Mun daɗe mun saba da gaskiyar cewa manyan kamfanonin IT suna tsunduma ba kawai don samar da kayayyaki da samar da ayyuka ba, har ma da shiga cikin ci gaban abubuwan more rayuwa na Intanet. DNS daga Google, girgije ajiya da kuma hosting daga Amazon, Facebook data cibiyoyin a duniya - shekaru goma sha biyar da suka wuce wannan da alama ma buri, amma yanzu shi ne al'ada da kowa da kowa ya saba.
Don haka, manyan kamfanonin IT guda huɗu waɗanda Amazon, Google, Microsoft da Facebook suka wakilta, sun yi nisa har suka fara saka hannun jari ba kawai a cibiyoyin bayanai da na'urorin da kansu ba, har ma a cikin igiyoyin kashin baya da kansu - wato sun shiga yankunan da ke da al'ada. kasance yanki na alhakin gaba daya daban-daban Tsarin. Bugu da ƙari, yin la'akari da binciken , raunin da aka ambata na Kattai na Kattai ya sanya fuskokinsu ba kawai a kan hanyoyin tertraial ba, amma a kan bayan-baya trackenconental Lines, I.e. Dukanmu muna da sandunan igiyoyi na karkashin ruwa.
Abu mafi ban mamaki shi ne cewa babu buƙatar gaggawa don sababbin hanyoyin sadarwa a yanzu, amma kamfanoni suna haɓaka ƙarfin su "a cikin ajiyar." Abin baƙin cikin shine, kusan ba zai yuwu a sami fayyace ƙididdiga game da haɓakar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na duniya ba godiya ga yawancin 'yan kasuwa waɗanda ke aiki tare da girma kamar "kasuwancin miliyan 65 akan Instagram yau da kullun" ko "Tambayoyin N bincike akan Google" maimakon petabytes waɗanda ke bayyane da fahimta ga ƙwararrun fasaha. . Zamu iya ɗaukan ra'ayin cewa zirga-zirgar yau da kullun shine ≈2,5*10^18 bytes ko kusan petabytes 2500 na bayanai.
Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa dole ne cibiyoyin sadarwar kashin baya na zamani su faɗaɗa shi ne haɓakar shaharar sabis na yawo na Netflix da kuma daidaitaccen ci gaban ɓangaren wayar hannu. Tare da haɓaka gaba ɗaya don haɓaka ɓangaren gani na abun ciki na bidiyo dangane da ƙuduri da bitrate, kazalika da haɓaka yawan zirga-zirgar wayar hannu ta kowane mai amfani (a kan yanayin koma baya na gabaɗayan tallace-tallace na na'urorin hannu a duniya), kashin baya. cibiyoyin sadarwa har yanzu ba za a iya kiran su da yawa.
Mu juya zuwa :
Yana da wuyar gani a iya tantance sabbin hanyoyi nawa aka shimfida, kuma ana sabunta sabis ɗin kanta kusan kullun, ba tare da samar da ingantaccen tarihin canje-canje ko wasu ƙididdiga masu ƙarfi ba. Saboda haka, bari mu juya zuwa ga tsofaffin kafofin. A cewar bayanai riga , Ƙarfin cibiyoyin sadarwa na kashin baya a cikin 2014 ya kasance kusan 58 Tbit / s wanda kawai 24 Tbit / s aka yi amfani da shi:
Ga waɗanda ke murɗa yatsunsu cikin fushi suna shirin rubuta: “Ban yarda ba! Kaɗan kaɗan!”, bari mu tunatar da ku cewa muna magana ne zirga-zirga tsakanin nahiyoyi, Wato, yana da fifikon ƙasa fiye da cikin wani yanki na musamman, tun da har yanzu ba mu hana jimlar teleportation ba kuma babu wata hanyar ɓoye ko ɓoye daga ping na 300-400 ms.
A shekarar 2015, an yi hasashen cewa, daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2020, za a shimfida jimillar igiyoyin kashin baya mai tsawon kilomita 400 a fadin tekun, abin da zai kara karfin tsarin sadarwar duniya.
Duk da haka, idan muka dubi kididdigar da aka nuna akan taswirar da ke sama, musamman game da nauyin 26 Tbit / s tare da jimillar tashar 58 Tbit / s, tambayoyin halitta sun taso: me yasa kuma me yasa?
Da fari dai, kattai na IT sun fara gina nasu hanyoyin sadarwa na kashin baya don haɓaka haɗin kan abubuwan more rayuwa na cikin gida na kamfanoni a nahiyoyi daban-daban. Daidai ne saboda ping ɗin da aka ambata a baya na kusan rabin daƙiƙa tsakanin maki biyu masu gaba da juna a duniya cewa dole ne kamfanonin IT su zama masu ƙwarewa wajen tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na "tattalin arzikinsu". Wadannan al'amurra sune mafi mahimmanci ga Google da Amazon; na farko ya fara shimfida nasu hanyoyin sadarwa a cikin 2014, lokacin da suka yanke shawarar "kwance" wata kebul tsakanin gabar gabashin Amurka da Japan don haɗa cibiyoyin bayanan su, wanda game da shi. . Kawai don haɗa cibiyoyin bayanai daban-daban guda biyu, babban mai binciken ya shirya kashe dala miliyan 300 kuma ya shimfiɗa kusan kilomita dubu 10 na USB a ƙarƙashin tekun Pacific.
Idan wanda bai sani ba ko ya manta, shimfidar kebul na karkashin ruwa neman karin hadaddun ne, kama daga nutsar da ingantattun gine-gine masu diamita har zuwa rabin mita a yankunan bakin teku da kuma kawo karshen binciken shimfidar wuri mara iyaka don shimfida babban bangaren bututun. a zurfin kilomita da yawa. Lokacin da ya zo Tekun Fasifik, rikitarwa kawai yana ƙaruwa gwargwadon zurfin da adadin jeri na tsaunuka a kan benen teku. Irin waɗannan abubuwan suna buƙatar jiragen ruwa na musamman, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru kuma, a zahiri, shekaru da yawa na aiki tuƙuru, idan muka yi la'akari da shigarwa daga matakin ƙira da bincike zuwa, a zahiri, ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwar sashin cibiyar sadarwa. Bugu da ƙari, a nan za ku iya ƙara haɗin kai na aiki da gina tashoshi na relay a bakin teku tare da ƙananan hukumomi, aiki tare da masana kimiyyar halittu waɗanda ke kula da adana mafi yawan mazaunan bakin teku (zurfin <200 m), da sauransu.
Wataƙila an sanya sabbin jiragen ruwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, amma shekaru biyar da suka gabata, manyan jiragen ruwa na USB na Huawei guda ɗaya (eh, kamfanin Sin yana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin wannan kasuwa) yana da layukan layi na watanni masu yawa a gaba. . Dangane da bayanan duk waɗannan bayanan, ayyukan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun fasaha a cikin wannan ɓangaren ya fi ban sha'awa sosai.
Matsayin hukuma na duk manyan kamfanonin IT shine tabbatar da haɗin kai ('yancin kai daga cibiyoyin sadarwa na gabaɗaya) na cibiyoyin bayanan su. Ga kuma yadda taswirorin karkashin ruwa na 'yan kasuwar daban-daban suka yi kama bisa ga bayanai :
Kamar yadda kake gani daga taswirori, mafi kyawun abubuwan sha'awa ba na Google ko Amazon ba ne, amma na Facebook, wanda ya daɗe ya daina zama "Salon sada zumunta kawai." Hakanan akwai bayyananniyar sha'awar duk manyan 'yan wasa a yankin Asiya-Pacific, kuma Microsoft kawai har yanzu yana kaiwa ga Tsohuwar Duniya. Idan kawai ka ƙidaya manyan titunan da aka yiwa alama, za ka iya gano cewa waɗannan kamfanoni huɗu ne kawai masu haɗin gwiwa ko kuma cikakkun masu layukan gangar jikin 25 waɗanda aka riga aka gina ko kuma aka shirya yin gini a ƙarshe, waɗanda yawancinsu ya kai zuwa Japan, China da kuma duk kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A lokaci guda, muna ba da ƙididdiga kawai ga manyan manyan IT huɗu da aka ambata a baya, kuma ban da su, Alcatel, NEC, Huawei da Subcom suma suna gina hanyoyin sadarwar nasu.
Gabaɗaya, adadin kashin bayan nahiya masu zaman kansu ko masu zaman kansu ya ƙaru sosai tun daga 2014, lokacin da Google ya sanar da haɗin da aka ambata a baya na cibiyar bayanan Amurka zuwa cibiyar bayanai a Japan:
A zahiri, dalilin "muna son haɗa cibiyoyin bayananmu" bai isa ba: kamfanoni da wuya suna buƙatar haɗi saboda haɗin kai. Maimakon haka, suna son ware bayanan da ake watsawa da kuma kiyaye abubuwan more rayuwa na ciki.
Idan ka dauko hular foil din kwano daga aljihunka na tebur, ka mike sannan ka ja ta da karfi, za ka iya tsara hasashe mai matukar taka tsantsan kamar haka: a yanzu muna lura da bullar sabuwar hanyar Intanet, da gaske kamfani ne na duniya. hanyar sadarwa. Idan kun tuna cewa Amazon, Google, Facebook da Microsoft asusun aƙalla rabin abubuwan da ake amfani da su na zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a duniya (Amazon hosting, Google search and services, social networks Facebook da Instagram da kuma kwamfutoci masu aiki da Windows daga Microsoft), to kuna buƙatar fitar da naku. kafi na biyu. Domin a ka'idar, a cikin ka'idar da ba ta dace ba, idan ayyuka kamar Google Fiber (wannan shine wanda Google ya gwada hannunsa a matsayin mai samar da yawan jama'a) ya bayyana a cikin yankuna, to yanzu muna ganin bullar Intanet ta biyu. wanda a halin yanzu yana tare da wanda aka riga aka gina . Yaya dystopian da ruɗi wannan shine - yanke shawara da kanku.
Masu amfani da rajista kawai za su iya shiga cikin binciken. don Allah.
Kuna tsammanin wannan yana kama da gina "internet parallel" ko kuwa muna shakka?
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Ee, da alama.
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A'a, kawai suna buƙatar ingantaccen haɗi tsakanin cibiyoyin bayanai kuma babu wata barazana a nan.
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Lallai kuna buƙatar hular foil ɗin gwangwani kaɗan, wannan ɗan zafi ne a cikin jaki.
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Sigar ku a cikin sharhi.
25 masu amfani sun kada kuri'a. Masu amfani 4 sun kaurace.
source: www.habr.com