Wasu masu amfani suna hayar VPS marasa tsada tare da Windows don gudanar da ayyukan tebur mai nisa. Hakanan ana iya yin hakan akan Linux ba tare da ɗaukar kayan aikin ku a cibiyar bayanai ba ko hayar sabar da aka keɓe. Wasu mutane suna buƙatar sanannen yanayi na hoto don gwaji da haɓakawa, ko tebur mai nisa tare da faffadan tasha don aiki daga na'urorin hannu. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don amfani da Tsarin Tsarin Sadarwar Sadarwar Sadarwar Virtual (VNC) na tushen ƙa'idar FrameBuffer (RFB). A cikin wannan ɗan gajeren labarin za mu gaya muku yadda ake saita shi akan injin kama-da-wane tare da kowane hypervisor.
Ɗaukaka:
Zabar uwar garken VNC
Za a iya gina sabis na VNC a cikin tsarin haɓakawa, kuma hypervisor zai haɗa shi tare da na'urorin da aka kwaikwaya kuma ba za a buƙaci ƙarin saiti ba. Wannan zaɓin ya ƙunshi babban sama da ƙasa kuma duk masu samarwa baya samun goyan bayansu - ko da a cikin ƙarancin aiwatar da albarkatu, yayin da maimakon yin koyi da na'urar zane ta gaske, ana canja wurin sassauƙan abstraction (framebuffer) zuwa injin kama-da-wane. Wani lokaci uwar garken VNC yana ɗaure zuwa uwar garken X mai gudana, amma wannan hanya ta fi dacewa da samun damar shiga na'ura ta jiki, kuma a kan kama-da-wane yana haifar da matsalolin fasaha da dama. Hanya mafi sauƙi don shigar da uwar garken VNC shine tare da ginanniyar uwar garken X. Ba ya buƙatar na'urorin jiki (adaftar bidiyo, keyboard da linzamin kwamfuta) ko kwaikwayon su ta amfani da hypervisor, sabili da haka ya dace da kowane nau'i na VPS.
Shigarwa da daidaitawa
Za mu buƙaci injin kama-da-wane tare da Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS a cikin saitunan tsoho. Akwai sabar VNC da yawa a cikin daidaitattun ma'ajiyar wannan rarraba: , , da sauransu. Mun zauna a kan TigerVNC - cokali mai yatsa na TightVNC na yanzu, wanda mai haɓaka baya samun goyan bayan. Kafa wasu sabobin ana yin su ta irin wannan hanya. Hakanan kuna buƙatar zaɓar yanayin tebur: mafi kyawun zaɓi, a ra'ayinmu, zai zama XFCE saboda ƙarancin buƙatu don albarkatun ƙididdigewa. Wadanda suke so za su iya shigar da wani DE ko WM: duk ya dogara da abubuwan da ake so, amma zaɓin software kai tsaye yana shafar buƙatun RAM da ƙirar ƙira.
Shigar da yanayin tebur tare da duk abin dogara ana yin shi tare da umarni mai zuwa:
sudo apt-get install xfce4 xfce4-goodies xorg dbus-x11 x11-xserver-utilsNa gaba kana buƙatar shigar da uwar garken VNC:
sudo apt-get install tigervnc-standalone-server tigervnc-commonGudun shi azaman mai amfani shine mummunan ra'ayi. Ƙirƙiri mai amfani da rukuni:
sudo adduser vnc
Bari mu ƙara mai amfani zuwa rukunin sudo domin ya iya yin ayyukan da suka shafi gudanarwa. Idan babu irin wannan buƙata, kuna iya tsallake wannan matakin:
sudo gpasswd -a vnc sudoMataki na gaba shine gudanar da uwar garken VNC tare da gatan mai amfani vnc don ƙirƙirar amintaccen kalmar sirri da fayilolin daidaitawa a cikin ~/.vnc/ directory. Tsawon kalmar sirri zai iya zama daga haruffa 6 zuwa 8 (an yanke ƙarin haruffa). Idan ya cancanta, ana kuma saita kalmar sirri don dubawa kawai, watau. ba tare da damar yin amfani da keyboard da linzamin kwamfuta ba. Ana aiwatar da umarni masu zuwa azaman mai amfani da vnc:
su - vnc
vncserver -localhost no
Ta hanyar tsoho, ka'idar RFB tana amfani da kewayon tashar tashar TCP daga 5900 zuwa 5906 - wannan shine abin da ake kira. nuni tashoshin jiragen ruwa, kowane daidai da allon uwar garken X. A wannan yanayin, tashoshin jiragen ruwa suna da alaƙa da allo daga : 0 zuwa : 6. Misalin uwar garken VNC da muka ƙaddamar yana sauraron tashar jiragen ruwa 5901 (allon: 1). Wasu misalai na iya aiki akan wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa tare da allo:2,:3, da sauransu. Kafin ƙarin daidaitawa, kuna buƙatar dakatar da sabar:
vncserver -kill :1Umurnin ya kamata ya nuna wani abu kamar haka: "Killing Xtigervnc ID 18105... nasara!"
Lokacin da TigerVNC ya fara, yana gudanar da rubutun ~/.vnc/xstartup don saita saitunan sanyi. Bari mu ƙirƙiro rubutun namu, da farko muna adana kwafin da ke akwai, idan akwai:
mv ~/.vnc/xstartup ~/.vnc/xstartup.b
nano ~/.vnc/xstartupAn fara zaman muhallin tebur na XFCE ta hanyar rubutun xstartup mai zuwa:
#!/bin/bash
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
exec /usr/bin/startxfce4 &Ana buƙatar umarnin xrdb don VNC don karanta fayil ɗin .Xresources a cikin kundin adireshin gida. A can mai amfani zai iya ayyana saitunan tebur daban-daban: ma'anar rubutu, launuka masu ƙarewa, jigogi na siginan kwamfuta, da sauransu. Dole ne a sanya rubutun aiwatarwa:
chmod 755 ~/.vnc/xstartupWannan yana kammala saitin uwar garken VNC. Idan kun gudanar da shi tare da umarnin vncserver -localhost no (a matsayin mai amfani da vnc), zaku iya haɗawa da kalmar sirri da aka ƙayyade a baya kuma ku ga hoto mai zuwa:
Fara sabis ta hanyar systemd
Fara sabar VNC da hannu bai dace da amfani da yaƙi ba, don haka za mu saita sabis na tsarin. Ana aiwatar da umarnin azaman tushen (muna amfani da sudo). Da farko, bari mu ƙirƙiri sabon fayil ɗin naúrar don uwar garken mu:
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/[email protected]Alamar @ a cikin sunan tana ba ku damar ƙaddamar da hujja don saita sabis ɗin. A cikin yanayinmu, yana ƙayyade tashar nunin VNC. Fayil ɗin rukunin ya ƙunshi sassa da yawa:
[Unit]
Description=TigerVNC server
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=vnc
Group=vnc
WorkingDirectory=/home/vnc
PIDFile=/home/vnc/.vnc/%H:%i.pid
ExecStartPre=-/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i > /dev/null 2>&1
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vncserver -depth 24 -geometry 1280x960 :%i
ExecStop=/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :%i
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetSannan kuna buƙatar sanar da systemd game da sabon fayil ɗin kuma kunna shi:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable [email protected]Lambar 1 a cikin suna tana ƙayyade lambar allo.
Dakatar da uwar garken VNC, fara shi azaman sabis kuma duba matsayin:
# от имени пользователя vnc
vncserver -kill :1# с привилегиями суперпользователя
sudo systemctl start vncserver@1
sudo systemctl status vncserver@1Idan sabis ɗin yana gudana, yakamata mu sami wani abu kamar wannan.
Haɗin Desktop
Tsarin mu baya amfani da boye-boye, don haka fakitin cibiyar sadarwa na iya shiga ta hanyar maharan. Bugu da kari, a cikin sabobin VNC sau da yawa , don haka kada ku buɗe su don samun dama daga Intanet. Don haɗa amintaccen a kan kwamfutar ku ta gida, kuna buƙatar haɗa zirga-zirgar ababen hawa cikin rami na SSH sannan ku saita abokin ciniki na VNC. A kan Windows, zaku iya amfani da abokin ciniki na SSH mai hoto (misali, PuTTY). Don tsaro, TigerVNC akan uwar garken kawai yana sauraron localhost kuma ba a samun damar kai tsaye daga cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a:
sudo netstat -ap |more
A cikin Linux, FreeBSD, OS X da sauran OSes UNIX, ana yin rami daga kwamfutar abokin ciniki ta amfani da kayan aikin ssh (sshd dole ne ya kasance yana gudana akan sabar VNC):
ssh -L 5901:127.0.0.1:5901 -C -N -l vnc vnc_server_ipZaɓin -L yana ɗaure tashar jiragen ruwa 5901 na haɗin nesa zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa 5901 akan localhost. Zaɓin -C yana ba da damar matsawa, kuma zaɓin -N yana gaya wa ssh kar ya aiwatar da umarnin nesa. Zaɓin -l yana ƙayyade shiga don shiga mai nisa.
Bayan kafa rami a kan kwamfutar gida, kuna buƙatar ƙaddamar da abokin ciniki na VNC kuma ku kafa haɗin kai zuwa mai watsa shiri 127.0.0.1: 5901 (localhost: 5901), ta amfani da kalmar sirri da aka ƙayyade a baya don samun damar uwar garken VNC. Za mu iya yanzu sadarwa amintacce ta hanyar rufaffen rami tare da yanayin tebur na XFCE akan VPS. A cikin hoton hoton, babban mai amfani yana gudana a cikin na'urar kwaikwayo ta tashar don nuna ƙarancin amfani da kayan aikin na'urar. Sannan komai zai dogara da aikace-aikacen mai amfani.
Kuna iya shigar da saita uwar garken VNC a cikin Linux akan kusan kowane VPS. Wannan baya buƙatar daidaitawa masu tsada da kayan aiki tare da kwaikwayar adaftar bidiyo ko siyan lasisin software na kasuwanci. Baya ga zaɓin sabis na tsarin da muka yi la'akari, akwai wasu: ƙaddamarwa a cikin yanayin daemon (via /etc/rc.local) lokacin da tsarin ya tashi ko akan buƙata ta hanyar inetd. Ƙarshen yana da ban sha'awa don ƙirƙirar saitunan masu amfani da yawa. Superserver na Intanet zai fara uwar garken VNC kuma ya haɗa abokin ciniki da shi, sabar VNC kuma zata ƙirƙiri sabon allo kuma ta fara zaman. Don tantancewa a ciki, zaku iya amfani da mai sarrafa nunin hoto (misali, ), kuma bayan cire haɗin abokin ciniki, za a rufe zaman kuma duk shirye-shiryen da ke aiki tare da allon za a ƙare.
source: www.habr.com