Sannu, abokai!
Bayan an buga labarin An yi tsokaci da yawa game da haɗarin hanyoyin Li-Ion don uwar garken da cibiyoyin bayanai. Saboda haka, a yau za mu yi kokarin gano abin da bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin masana'antun lithium mafita ga UPS da baturi a cikin na'urar, yadda yanayin aiki na batura a cikin uwar garken dakin bambanta, me ya sa a cikin wani Li-Ion wayar baturi yana dawwama a. fiye da shekaru 2-3, kuma a cikin cibiyar bayanai wannan adadi zai karu zuwa shekaru 10 ko fiye. Me yasa hadarin wutar lithium a cikin cibiyar bayanai/dakin uwar garke yayi kadan.
Haka ne, hatsarori tare da batir UPS suna yiwuwa ba tare da la'akari da nau'in na'urar ajiyar makamashi ba, amma tatsuniyar "haɗarin wuta" na masana'antu lithium mafita ba gaskiya bane.
Bayan haka, mutane da yawa sun ga haka da baturin lithium a cikin mota da ke tafiya akan babbar hanya? Don haka, bari mu gani, gano shi, kwatanta...
Anan mun ga wani yanayi na dumama kai wanda ba a sarrafa shi ba, batir ɗin wayar yana gudu, wanda ya haifar da irin wannan lamarin. Za ku ce: NAN! Waya ce kawai, mahaukaci ne kawai zai sa wani abu makamancin haka a dakin uwar garke!
Na tabbata bayan karanta wannan labarin, mai karatu zai canza ra'ayinsa kan wannan batu.
Halin da ake ciki yanzu a kasuwar cibiyar bayanai
Ba asiri ba ne cewa gina cibiyar bayanai shine jari na dogon lokaci. Farashin kayan aikin injiniya kadai zai iya zama 50% na farashin duk babban farashi. Tsarin dawowa yana kusan shekaru 10-15. A dabi'a, akwai sha'awar rage jimillar farashin mallaka a duk tsawon rayuwar rayuwar cibiyar bayanai, kuma a lokaci guda kuma ƙananan kayan aikin injiniya, yantar da sararin samaniya kamar yadda zai yiwu don biyan kuɗi.
Mafi kyawun bayani shine sabon haɓakar UPS na masana'antu dangane da batir Li-Ion, waɗanda suka daɗe da kawar da "cututtukan yara" a cikin yanayin haɗarin wuta, algorithms cajin caji mara daidai, kuma sun sami tarin hanyoyin kariya.
Tare da haɓaka ƙarfin kwamfuta da kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa, buƙatar UPS yana girma. A lokaci guda, buƙatun rayuwar baturi suna ƙaruwa idan akwai matsaloli tare da samar da wutar lantarki ta tsakiya da/ko gazawa yayin fara tushen wutar lantarki a yanayin amfani/samuwar saitin janareta na diesel.
A ra'ayinmu, akwai manyan dalilai guda biyu:
- Ci gaba cikin sauri a cikin ƙarar bayanan da aka sarrafa da kuma watsawa
Alal misali, wacce
yana buƙatar adanawa da sarrafa shi. - Haɓaka a cikin ƙarfin ƙarfin amfani da wutar lantarki. Duk da yanayin gaba ɗaya na rage yawan amfani da makamashi na kayan aikin IT, rage ƙayyadaddun amfani da makamashi na abubuwan lantarki.
Jadawalin amfani da makamashi na cibiyar bayanai guda ɗaya kawai
Irin wannan yanayin yana nunawa ta hanyar hasashen kasuwar cibiyar bayanai a cikin ƙasarmu.A cewar gidan yanar gizon, jimillar wuraren rakiyar da aka yi amfani da su ya haura dubu 20. “Yawancin wuraren da manyan cibiyoyin bayanai 20 suka fara aiki a shekarar 2017 ya karu da kashi 3% kuma ya kai dubu 22,4 (bayanai ya zuwa ranar 1 ga Oktoba. 2017)," - in ji rahoton CNews Analytics. A cewar hukumomin tuntuba, nan da shekarar 2021 ana sa ran adadin wuraren tattara kaya zai karu zuwa dubu 49. Wato, a cikin shekaru biyu ainihin ƙarfin cibiyar bayanai na iya ninka sau biyu. Menene wannan ya haɗa da? Da farko, tare da karuwa a cikin ƙarar bayanai: duka ajiya da sarrafawa.
Baya ga gajimare, 'yan wasa suna la'akari da haɓaka ƙarfin cibiyar bayanai a cikin yankuna don zama wuraren haɓakawa: su ne kawai yanki inda akwai ajiyar ci gaban kasuwanci. A cewar IKS-Consulting, a cikin 2016, yankuna sun kasance kawai 10% na duk albarkatun da aka bayar akan kasuwa, yayin da babban birnin kasar da yankin Moscow suka mamaye 73% na kasuwa, da St. Petersburg da yankin Leningrad - 17%. A cikin yankuna, ana ci gaba da samun ƙarancin albarkatun cibiyar bayanai tare da babban matakin haƙuri.
Nan da shekarar 2025, ana hasashen jimillar adadin bayanai a duniya zai karu sau 10 idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2016.
Har yanzu, ta yaya lithium ke da aminci ga uwar garken ko cibiyar bayanai UPS?
Hasara: babban farashi na Li-Ion mafita.
Farashin batirin lithium-ion har yanzu yana da girma idan aka kwatanta da daidaitattun mafita. Dangane da ƙididdigar SE, farashin farko na UPS masu ƙarfi sama da 100 kVA don mafita na Li-Ion zai kasance sau 1,5 mafi girma, amma a ƙarshe tanadi akan mallakar zai zama 30-50%. Idan muka yi kwatance da rukunin soja-masana'antu na wasu ƙasashe, to ga labarin ƙaddamarwa a cikin tare da batirin Li-Ion. Sau da yawa, batir phosphate na lithium baƙin ƙarfe (LFP a cikin hoto) ana amfani da su a cikin irin waɗannan hanyoyin saboda arha dangi da aminci mafi girma.
Labarin ya ambaci cewa an kashe dala miliyan 100 kan sabbin batura don jirgin ruwa, bari mu yi kokarin canza shi zuwa wasu dabi'u ...4,2 dubu ton shine ƙaura daga ƙarƙashin ruwa na jirgin ruwa na Japan. Surface gudun hijira - 2,95 dubu ton. A matsayinka na mai mulki, 20-25% na nauyin jirgin ruwa yana da batura. Daga nan muna ɗaukar kusan tan 740 - baturan gubar-acid. Bugu da ari: yawan lithium ya kai kusan 1/3 na batirin gubar-acid -> ton 246 na lithium. A 70 kWh/kg na Li-Ion muna samun kusan 17 MWh na ƙarfin tsarar baturi. Kuma bambancin yawan batura ya kai ton 495 ... A nan ba mu la'akari da shi ba. , wanda ke buƙatar tan 14,5 na azurfa a kowane jirgin ruwa na ruwa, kuma farashin sau 4 fiye da batir-acid. Bari in tunatar da ku cewa batirin Li-Ion yanzu sun fi VRLA tsada sau 1,5-2 kawai, ya danganta da ƙarfin maganin.
Japanawa fa? Sun tuna da latti cewa "haske jirgin ruwa" ta ton 700 yana haifar da canji a cikin yanayin teku da kwanciyar hankali ... Wataƙila sun ƙara makamai a cikin jirgin don dawo da tsarin rarraba nauyin jirgin.
Hakanan batirin lithium-ion suna yin nauyi ƙasa da batirin gubar-acid, don haka ƙirar jirgin ruwa mai daraja ta Soryu dole ne a sake fasalin ɗanɗano don kiyaye ballast da kwanciyar hankali.
A Japan, an ƙirƙira nau'ikan batirin lithium-ion iri biyu kuma an kawo su zuwa yanayin aiki: lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum-oxide (NCA) wanda GS Yuasa ya samar da lithium titanate (LTO) wanda Toshiba Corporation ya samar. Sojojin ruwan Japan za su yi amfani da batir NCA, yayin da Ostiraliya aka bai wa batir LTO don amfani da su a kan jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa na Soryu a cikin wani tayin kwanan nan, a cewar Kobayashi.
Sanin halin mutuntaka game da aminci a cikin Ƙasar Tashin Rana, zamu iya ɗauka cewa an warware matsalolin amincin lithium, an gwada su kuma an tabbatar da su.
Hadarin: hadarin gobara.
Wannan shi ne inda za mu gano dalilin bugawa, tun da akwai ra'ayoyin da ba su dace ba game da amincin waɗannan mafita. Amma wannan duk maganganun maganganu ne, amma menene game da takamaiman mafita na masana'antu?
Mun riga mun tattauna batutuwan tsaro a cikin namu , amma bari mu sake tsayawa kan wannan batu. Bari mu juya ga adadi, wanda yayi nazarin matakin kariya na module da LMO/NMC tantanin halitta na baturin da Samsung SDI ya ƙera kuma aka yi amfani da shi azaman ɓangare na Schneider Electric UPS.
An tattauna hanyoyin sunadarai a cikin labarin mai amfani . Bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu fahimci yiwuwar haɗari a cikin yanayinmu na musamman kuma kwatanta su tare da kariya masu yawa a cikin sel na Samsung SDI, waɗanda wani ɓangare ne na wani nau'in G Li-Ion da aka shirya a matsayin wani ɓangare na cikakken bayani dangane da Galaxy VM. .
Bari mu fara da taswirar shari'a na gabaɗaya na haɗari da abubuwan da ke haifar da wuta a cikin kwayar lithium-ion.
A ƙarƙashin mai ɓarna za ku iya nazarin batutuwan ka'idoji na haɗarin wuta na batir lithium-ion da kimiyyar lissafi na matakai.Tsarin toshe na farko na kasada da musabbabin gobara (Hazarar Tsaro) na kwayar lithium-ion daga 2018 shekaru.
Tunda ya danganta da tsarin sinadarai na tantanin halitta na lithium-ion akwai bambance-bambance a cikin halaye na thermal runaway na tantanin halitta, a nan za mu mai da hankali kan tsarin da aka bayyana a cikin labarin a cikin kwayar lithium-nickel-cobalt-aluminum cell (dangane da LiNiCoAIO2). ya da NCA.
Ana iya raba tsarin haifar da haɗari a cikin tantanin halitta zuwa matakai uku:
- mataki na 1 (Farawa). Aiki na al'ada na tantanin halitta lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya ƙaru bai wuce digiri Celsius 0,2 a cikin minti ɗaya ba, kuma yanayin tantanin halitta da kansa bai wuce digiri 130-200 ba, dangane da tsarin sinadarai na tantanin halitta;
- mataki na 2, warming up (Acceleration). A wannan mataki, zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa, yanayin zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa da sauri, kuma ana fitar da makamashin thermal sosai. Gabaɗaya, wannan tsari yana tare da sakin iskar gas. Dole ne a rama haɓakar haɓakar iskar gas ta hanyar aiki na bawul ɗin aminci;
- mataki na 3, thermal runaway (Runaway). dumama baturi sama da digiri 180-200. A wannan yanayin, kayan cathode ya shiga cikin rashin daidaituwa kuma ya saki oxygen. Wannan shine matakin gudu na thermal, tunda a cikin wannan yanayin ana iya samun cakuda iskar gas mai ƙonewa tare da iskar oxygen, wanda zai haifar da konewa ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Duk da haka, wannan tsari a wasu lokuta ana iya sarrafa shi, karanta - lokacin da tsarin mulki na abubuwan waje ya canza, yanayin zafi a wasu lokuta yana tsayawa ba tare da sakamako mai mutuwa ba ga sararin samaniya. Ba a la'akari da iyawar sabis da aikin tantanin halitta na lithium kanta bayan waɗannan abubuwan.
Zazzabi mai saurin gudu ya dogara da girman tantanin halitta, ƙirar tantanin halitta, da abu. Matsakaicin zafin gudu na thermal na iya bambanta daga 130 zuwa 200 digiri Celsius. Lokacin guduwar thermal na iya bambanta kuma ya bambanta daga mintuna, sa'o'i ko ma kwanaki ...
Me game da nau'in nau'in LMO/NMC a cikin lithium-ion UPSs?
- Don hana haɗuwa da anode tare da electrolyte, ana amfani da yumbu Layer a matsayin wani ɓangare na tantanin halitta (SFL). An toshe motsin ion lithium a ma'aunin Celsius 130.
- Bugu da ƙari ga bawul ɗin kariya mai kariya, ana amfani da tsarin kariya na Over Charge Device (OSD), wanda ke aiki tare da fius na ciki kuma yana kashe tantanin halitta da ya lalace, yana hana tsarin gudu na thermal kaiwa matakan haɗari. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin OSD na ciki zai fara farawa a baya, lokacin da matsa lamba ya kai 3,5 kgf / cm2, wato, rabin ƙasa da karfin amsawa na bawul ɗin aminci na tantanin halitta.
Af, fuse cell zai yi aiki a magudanar ruwa sama da 2500 A cikin dakika 2. Bari mu ɗauka cewa gradient zafin jiki ya kai digiri 10 C/min. A cikin daƙiƙa 10, tantanin halitta zai sami lokacin ƙara kusan digiri 1,7 zuwa zafinsa yayin da yake cikin yanayin overclocking.
- Mai raba Layer uku a cikin tantanin halitta a yanayin caji zai toshe canjin ions lithium zuwa anode na tantanin halitta. Yanayin toshewa shine ma'aunin Celsius 250.
Yanzu bari mu ga abin da muke da shi tare da zafin jiki na tantanin halitta; Bari mu kwatanta a wane matakai ake haifar da nau'ikan kariya daban-daban a matakin tantanin halitta.
- Tsarin OSD - 3,5+-0,1 kgf/cm2 </text> matsa lamba na waje
Ƙarin kariya daga overcurrents.
- bawul ɗin aminci 7,0+-1,0 kgf/cm2 <= matsa lamba na waje
- fuse a cikin tantanin halitta 2 seconds a 2500A (fiye da yanayin yanzu)
Haɗarin guduwar tantanin halitta kai tsaye ya dogara da matakin/matakin cajin tantanin halitta, ƙarin cikakkun bayanai anan...Bari mu yi la'akari da tasirin matakin cajin tantanin halitta a cikin mahallin haɗari na guduwar thermal. Bari mu yi la'akari da tebur na wasiƙa tsakanin zafin jiki na tantanin halitta da ma'aunin SOC (Jihar Caji, ƙimar cajin baturi).
Ana auna matakin cajin baturi azaman kashi kuma yana nuna adadin adadin cajin da ya rage a adana a cikin baturin. A wannan yanayin, muna la'akari da yanayin cajin baturi. Ana iya ƙarasa da cewa ya danganta da sinadarai na tantanin halitta na lithium, baturin na iya zama daban-daban lokacin da aka cika caji kuma yana da bambanci daban-daban ga guduwar zafi. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙayyadaddun iya aiki daban-daban (A*h/gram) na nau'ikan ƙwayoyin Li-Ion daban-daban. Mafi girman takamaiman ƙarfin tantanin halitta, mafi saurin sakin zafi yayin caji.
Bugu da ƙari, a 100% SOC, gajeriyar kewayawa ta waje yakan haifar da guduwar tantanin halitta. A gefe guda, lokacin da tantanin halitta ya kasance a 80% SOC, matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin zafi na tantanin halitta yana motsawa zuwa sama. Tantanin halitta ya zama mafi juriya ga yanayin gaggawa.
A ƙarshe, don 70% SOC, gajerun hanyoyin waje na iya haifar da guduwar zafi kwata-kwata. Wato, haɗarin ƙonewar tantanin halitta yana raguwa sosai, kuma mafi kusantar yanayin shine aikin bawul ɗin aminci na batirin lithium.
Bugu da kari, daga tebur za mu iya yanke shawarar cewa LFP (m lankwasa shuɗi) na baturi yawanci yana da matsanancin zafin jiki, wato, matakin "dumi" yana canzawa cikin sauƙi zuwa matakin "runaway thermal", da kwanciyar hankali. wannan tsarin zuwa overcharging yana da ɗan muni. Batura LMO, kamar yadda muke gani, suna da yanayin dumama santsi yayin caji.
MUHIMMI: Lokacin da tsarin OSD ya kunna, ana sake saita tantanin halitta zuwa kewaye. Don haka, ƙarfin lantarki a kan ragon yana raguwa, amma yana ci gaba da aiki kuma yana ba da sigina ga tsarin kula da UPS ta hanyar tsarin BMS na ragon kanta. A cikin yanayin tsarin UPS na gargajiya tare da batir VRLA, ɗan gajeren kewayawa ko karya a cikin baturi ɗaya a cikin kirtani na iya haifar da gazawar UPS gaba ɗaya da asarar aikin kayan IT.
Dangane da abin da ke sama, don yanayin amfani da mafita na lithium a cikin UPS, haɗarin masu zuwa sun kasance masu dacewa:
- Runaway thermal na tantanin halitta ko module a sakamakon gajeriyar kewayawa ta waje - matakan kariya da yawa.
- Guduwar thermal na tantanin halitta ko module sakamakon rashin aikin baturi na ciki - matakan kariya da yawa a matakin tantanin halitta ko module.
- Ƙarin caji - kariya ta BMS da duk matakan kariya don rak, module, cell.
- Lalacewar injiniya ba ta dace da shari'ar mu ba, haɗarin taron ba shi da komai.
- Ƙunƙarar zafi na taragon da duk batura (modules, sel). Rashin mahimmanci har zuwa digiri 70-90. Idan zafin jiki a cikin dakin shigarwa na UPS ya tashi sama da waɗannan dabi'u, yana nufin akwai wuta a cikin ginin. Ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na cibiyar bayanai na al'ada, haɗarin aukuwa ba shi da komai.
- Rage rayuwar batir a yanayin zafi mai ɗaki - ana yin aiki na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri 40 ba tare da raguwar rayuwar baturi ba. Batura masu gubar suna da matuƙar kula da kowane haɓakar zafin jiki kuma suna rage ragowar rayuwarsu gwargwadon yawan zafin jiki.
Bari mu kalli taswirar haɗarin haɗari tare da baturan lithium-ion a cikin cibiyar bayanan mu, yanayin amfani da ɗakin uwar garke. Bari mu sauƙaƙa zane kaɗan, saboda lithium UPSs za a sarrafa su a cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, idan muka kwatanta yanayin aiki na batura a cikin na'urar ku, waya.
KARSHE: Batirin lithium na musamman don cibiyar bayanai da ɗakin uwar garke UPSs suna da isasshen matakin kariya daga yanayin gaggawa, kuma a cikin cikakkiyar bayani, babban adadin digiri na kariya daban-daban da kuma fiye da shekaru biyar na gwaninta a cikin aiwatar da waɗannan mafita suna ba mu damar yin magana. babban matakin aminci na sababbin fasaha. Daga cikin wadansu abubuwa, kada mu manta cewa aikin batirin lithium a cikin sashinmu yana kama da yanayin "greenhouse" don fasahar Li-Ion: sabanin wayoyin ku a cikin aljihun ku, babu wanda zai sauke baturin a cibiyar bayanai, zafi mai zafi, fitarwa. kowace rana, amfani da rayayye a cikin yanayin buffer.
Kuna iya samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kuma ku tattauna takamaiman bayani ta amfani da baturan lithium-ion don ɗakin uwar garken ku ko cibiyar bayanai ta hanyar aika buƙatu ta imel. , ko kuma ta hanyar yin buƙata akan gidan yanar gizon kamfanin .
BUDADE FASAHA - ingantattun ingantattun mafita daga shugabannin duniya, waɗanda suka dace da manufofin ku da manufofin ku.
Author: Kulikov Oleg
Babban Injiniya Zane
Sashen Haɗin Kai
Kamfanin Buɗe Fasaha
Masu amfani da rajista kawai za su iya shiga cikin binciken. don Allah.
Menene ra'ayin ku game da aminci da aiwatar da hanyoyin samar da masana'antu bisa fasahar Li-Ion?
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16,2%Mai haɗari, mai kunna kai, ko ta yaya ba zan sa shi a ɗakin uwar garken nawa ba.11
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10,3%Ba ni da sha'awar wannan, don haka lokaci-lokaci muna canza batura na yau da kullun, kuma komai yana da kyau.7
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16,2%Muna bukatar mu yi tunani a kan ko zai kasance lafiya da kuma alƙawari.11
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23,5%Abin sha’awa, zan duba yiwuwar.16
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13,2%Sha'awa! Zuba jari sau ɗaya - kuma kada ku ji tsoron mamaye cibiyar bayanai gaba ɗaya saboda gazawar baturin gubar guda ɗaya.9
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20,6%Ban sha'awa! Abubuwan da ake amfani da su sun zarce rashin amfani da kasada.14
Masu amfani 68 sun kada kuri'a. Masu amfani 25 sun kaurace.
source: www.habr.com