Kawai share katin ku: yadda hanyar jirgin karkashin kasa ta New York ke amfani da OS/2

Fasahar Vintage ta kasance tana aiki a cikin hanyoyin jirgin karkashin kasa na New York shekaru da yawa - kuma wani lokacin yana tasowa ta hanyoyin da ba a zata ba. Labari ga magoya bayan OS/2

Wani dan New York da dan yawon bude ido sun shiga tashar jirgin karkashin kasa ta 42nd, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Times Square. Sauti kamar farkon wasa. A gaskiya a'a: ɗaya daga cikinsu ya yi farin ciki da ya isa wurin; Ga wasu, wannan yanayin yana da matukar ban haushi. Mutum ya san yadda za a fita daga wurin da sauri. Dayan kuma ba ya - ba ya jin Turanci. Dan New York da dan yawon bude ido mutane ne daban-daban, amma a halin yanzu suna daya. Dukansu biyu suna ƙarƙashin ɓangarorin Hukumar Kula da Sufuri ta Biritaniya (MTA) da kuma amincin da ba a taɓa ji ba na tsarin aiki mai matsakaicin nasara daga farkon 1990s.

A matsakaicin ranar aiki a cikin 2016, hanyar jirgin karkashin kasa ta New York ta ɗauki mutane miliyan 5,7 [don kwatanta: Moscow metro yana da miliyan 6,7 / kusan. fassara.]. Wannan shi ne matsakaicin matsakaici mafi girma tun 1948. Idan ka tambayi matsakaicin New Yorker, ƙila za su ce, "Shi ke nan?" Ana iya fahimtar rashin imani, tun da yake birnin yana da mazaunan dindindin miliyan 8, kuma a cikin sa'o'i ko kuma lokacin hutu, adadin mutane yakan kai miliyan 20. A bayyane yake, mutane da yawa suna son hawan taksi.


Titin jirgin karkashin kasa na New York turnstiles

Yana da wuya a yi fare a nan gaba, amma ainihin abin da MTA ke yi ke nan

A watan Maris akan Tedium ya rubuta game da babban fare na IBM akan microkernels don tsarin aiki, wanda ya haɗa da bambance-bambancen sanannun tsarin aikin su na OS/2. Ya bayyana dalla-dalla irin asarar da kamfanin ya sha saboda wannan fare. Duk da haka, amincewar IBM ga nasarar tsarin aikinta ya tilasta wa sauran kamfanoni yin irin wannan zato.

Amma babbar fare ta kasance ta MTA, Hukumar Kula da Canjin Gaggawa, wacce ke buƙatar gano hanyar da za a kawar da alamomi da matsawa cikin zamanin da komai ya zama dijital. A sakamakon haka, katin kungiyar asiri ya bayyana metrocard. Yanke bakin bakin filastik rawaya tare da fitaccen ratsin baƙar fata ya kasance babban jigo a cikin wallet ɗin New York tun lokacin da aka saki shi a cikin 1993.

Tarihin hanyar da ake amfani da ita a halin yanzu na samun damar shiga jirgin karkashin kasa na New York yana da ban sha'awa a cikin cikakkun bayanai na kayan aikin jama'a da kuma yadda yake hidima ga jama'a. Amma kafin wannan, zai zama da amfani a fahimci yadda tsarin yanzu ya kasance. Domin lokacin da kuka gina wani abu mai mahimmanci kamar jirgin karkashin kasa na New York, a ƙarshe zai yi aiki kamar yadda aka yi niyya.

Gwada guda ɗaya kawai kuna da gaske - kuma kowane kuskure zai iya haifar da biliyoyin farashin gyara da kuma haushin miliyoyin mutane. Daga cikin zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa, ɗayan mafi aminci ya juya zuwa ɗaya daga cikin manyan kurakuran IBM.

Biyar na musamman MetroCards sadaukarwa ga David Bowie kuma Spotify ya biya. Makonni da yawa a cikin faɗuwar 2018, kamfanin ya canza tashar Broadway-Lafayette Street/Bleecker Street a cikin Kauyen Yamma zuwa wani abin tunawa da fafutuka don girmama mai zanen da ke zaune a kusa. Baya ga amfani da bayan MetroCards don talla (kuma me yasa ba), MTA a kai a kai yana ba da katunan bugu na musamman waɗanda manyan kamfanoni ke ɗaukar nauyinsu. Zaɓuɓɓukan katin koli suna kashe kuɗi da yawa, amma wani lokacin MTA yana tsallake samfuran kuma kawai yana yin wani abu mai sanyi.

Yadda tsarin aiki na IBM, wanda ya haifar da hayaniya mai yawa amma bai zama wani abu na musamman ba, ya sami gida kuma ya yi hidima ga miliyoyin.

В labarin An ambaci cikakkun bayanai masu ban sha'awa game da OS / 2 game da microkernels da sauran abubuwa, amma a cikin wannan labarin gaskiyar cewa wannan OS har yanzu yana da magoya bayansa ya fi dacewa da batun. To, a ina za mu kasance ba tare da wannan ba?

Dalilin da ya sa MTA a ƙarshe ta yanke shawarar yin amfani da OS/2, tana ƙididdige wasu fasalolin jirgin ƙasa, yana nuna ƙarar da ke kewaye da ƙaddamar da OS a farkon 1990s. Koyaya, tattaunawa da ci gaba sun fara shekaru da yawa a baya. Ba tare da tallata shi musamman ba, Microsoft da IBM suna aiki akan tsarin aiki na gaba na gaba. Kodayake labari na zamani shine Gates da Microsoft sun yi IBM tare da MS-DOS, IBM a fili yana tunani daban a lokacin.

Maimakon yin baƙin ciki da asarar da aka samu, IBM ya zama kamar ya gane rashin iliminsa kuma ya fara haɓaka OS na gaba tun daga tushe, na farko tare da Microsoft. Wannan alƙawarin, kamar yadda mutum zai iya tsammani, ya ƙare ga IBM ta hanya ɗaya da labarin tare da MS-DOS. Duk da haka, a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci a ƙarshen 1980s, masu gudanarwa na MTA sun kasance a tsakiyar gano hanyoyin da za a kawar da alamun jirgin karkashin kasa da kuma maye gurbin su da katunan da aka riga aka biya. Fa'idodin sun kasance a bayyane - ya sauƙaƙe don haɓaka farashin farashi da gabatar da biyan kuɗi na yanki. Fasinjoji sun sami damar zaɓar tsakanin tafiya ɗaya ko zagaye, kuma zaɓi mara iyaka ya bayyana na ɗan lokaci.

Don gabatar da wannan sabuntawar juyin juya hali, MTA ya juya zuwa sanannen kamfani, IBM. Yana da ma'ana a lokacin.

OS/2 2.1

OS/2 da kuma MTA mai ba da shawara Neal Waldhauer ya ce a cikin imel: "Akwai 'yan shekaru da za ku iya yin fare na aiki akan OS/2."

Don fahimtar dalilin da yasa, kuna buƙatar fahimtar wannan lokacin. Waldhauer ya ci gaba da cewa: “Wannan ci gaba ne tun kafin Linux da Windows. OS/2 ya yi kama da amintaccen fare don nan gaba."

Rashin zaɓuɓɓuka, MTA ya zaɓi mafi kyau. Kuma ya yi aiki shekaru da yawa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan software a cikin wani tsari mai rikitarwa.

Zai iya rayuwa, kamar yadda Waldhauer ya ce: "Bari in faɗi cewa muddin tsarin MetroCard ya sami goyan bayan tsarin, OS/2 zai ci gaba da aiki."

Batu mai ban sha'awa sosai, tunda MTA tana kan aiwatar da kawar da MetroCard don tallafawa nau'ikan biyan kuɗi daban-daban. Canjin ya kamata ya inganta ingantaccen aiki kuma ya taimaka wa MTA tattara ƙarin kudaden shiga.

Yana da ban sha'awa, amma yana da sauƙin ganin matsalolin lokacin da kuka bincika wani bakon fasalin tsarin MetroCard na yanzu.

My MetroCard, Juni's version of Gay Pride Month. Abin sha'awa, zai yi aiki na tsawon watanni huɗu fiye da daidaitattun MetroCard, wanda za a iya amfani da shi na shekara guda kawai.

Sirri mai ban mamaki da yadda yake shafar rayuwar mutane

A takaice, sauyawa daga alamu zuwa MetroCard ya ɗauki shekaru kuma ya kasance komai sai santsi. Tokens a hukumance ya daina amfani da shi a cikin 2003. A lokacin, an karɓi MetroCards a duk tashoshi a cikin birni - amma babu wanda yake son sa.

Shiga cikin jirgin karkashin kasa yawanci abu ne mai sauƙi, amma koke-koke game da goge katin suna ko'ina. Kuma da yawa daga cikin matsalolin sun kasance kamar suna da alaƙa da wauta tabarbarewar sadarwa tsakanin sassa daban-daban na tsarin. Ko da yake ana amfani da OS/2 don haɗa sassa daban-daban na tsarin jirgin ƙasa zuwa babban babban tashar jirgin ƙasa, ƙa'idodin abubuwan da aka haɗa ba su kasance mafi girma ba. Juyawa a cikin kowane tashar NYC sun shahara don zama masu kishi - amma sun sami damar aiki tare da tsarin IBM.

Hakanan ana amfani da ATMs don dogaro da OS/2

Duk da gazawar OS/2 a kasuwar mabukaci, abin dogaro ne da ya wuce yarda, wanda ya ba shi tsawon rai a tsarin masana'antu da masana'antu - kuma misali ɗaya da aka yi amfani da shi shine ATMs. Waldhauer ya ce, "Duba duk tsarin aiki da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin MTA, OS/2 tabbas shine mafi amintaccen bangaren tsarin, ban da babban tsarin." Har yanzu ana amfani da shi akan hanyar jirgin karkashin kasa ta NYC a cikin 2019. IBM ya watsar da shi tuntuni, har ma ya ba wa wani kamfani damar sarrafa masa software a 2001. (A yau ana kiran kamfanin. Arca Noe yana sayar da sigar OS/2 da ke da goyan bayan hukuma, ArcaOS, kodayake yawancin masu amfani da shi suna cikin yanayi mai kama da MTA).

OS/2 yana taka rawar madugu a cikin jirgin karkashin kasa na NYC. Yana taimakawa wajen hada sassa daban-daban da mutane ke amfani da su da sassan da mutane ba sa amfani da su. Waldhauer ya lura, “Babu aikace-aikacen OS/2 don masu amfani don yin aiki da su. Ana amfani da OS/2 da farko azaman hanyar sadarwa tsakanin hadaddun manyan bayanai na manyan bayanai da kwamfutoci masu sauki da ake amfani da su kowace rana akan hanyoyin karkashin kasa da bas. Amma gabaɗaya, ana rarraba kwamfutocin OS/2 a cikin tsarin.”

Muna magana ne game da tsarin aiki da aka ƙera a ƙarshen 80s, wanda aka saki a farkon 90s, a matsayin wani ɓangare na dangantaka mai rikitarwa tsakanin manyan ƙwararrun fasaha guda biyu. Dole ne MTA ta yi watsi da yawancin wannan labarin saboda ta riga ta yanke shawara kuma canza hanya zai kashe kuɗi mai yawa.

Haɗin kai na baya da waɗancan na'urori waɗanda New Yorkers da masu yawon buɗe ido ke haɗuwa da su na iya zama abin ba'a mara daidaituwa. Idan kana so ka sanya wannan a cikin hangen nesa, bari mu koma Waldhauer: "Na ji cewa masu haɓakawa sun yi nufin MetroCard don yin aiki tare da babban bayanan bayanai, kuma wasu na'urorin lantarki bazuwar za su haɗa su gaba ɗaya."

Alamu na layin dogo na birnin New York, ta ranar amfani, daga hagu zuwa dama: 1953–1970; 1970-1980; 1979-1980; 1980-1986; 1986-1995; 1995-2003.

Bari muyi magana yanzu game da igiyar maganadisu. Baƙar fata a kasan kowane MetroCard, ba tare da la'akari da alamar ba, yakamata yayi aiki kawai. Yadda yake aiki a zahiri, don dalilai na zahiri, sirri ne.

"Mutane suna yin kutse ta MetroCard," in ji Waldhauer. "Idan za ku iya kallon rikodin maganadisu, raƙuman suna da girma da za ku iya ganin su da gilashin ƙara girma. Coding ɗin maganadisu sirri ne da ban taɓa ganin sa ba. Abin mamaki ne abin da mutane za su yi don tafiya kyauta."

Yau wannan al'amari? Ee, bisa manufa, ba haka bane. Hukumar ta MTA ta bayyana karara cewa ta kudiri aniyar matsawa zuwa kudaden da ba a iya amfani da su ba, kamar yadda suka yi da katin kawa a Landan. Duk da haka, wannan tsari ma yana da matsalolinsa. Har ma sun dauki hayar tsohon shugaban tsarin Landan, kuma sun kafa babban burin kawar da MetroCard gaba daya.

An ƙaddamar da tsarin OMNY, wanda za a yi birgima a cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa

A nan gaba, mutane za su iya shiga cikin jirgin karkashin kasa na birnin New York kamar yadda suke yin layi na roller coasters a Disneyland a yau. Wannan tsari zai bukaci mutum ya dauki na'urar da ke da alaka da intanet wacce za ta jagorance ku ta hanyar juyi, walau waya ko agogon smart. Tare da kowane sa'a, za mu sami sabon tsari tare da MetroCard. Amma babu tabbacin hakan.

Bukatun aiki da fasaha waɗanda suka haifar da jirgin karkashin kasa na New York suna shafar kusan kowa da kowa a cikin birni. New Yorkers suna canzawa zuwa sababbin hanyoyin biyan kuɗi, kuma waɗanda za su iya biya za su yi hakan. Sauran kuma za su zauna a gida.

source: www.habr.com