Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum

Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
Ƙarin alamun RFID don alamar alamar RFID!

Tun da aka buga labarai game da alamun RFID Kusan shekaru 7 sun shude. Domin wadannan shekaru na tafiya da zama a kasashe daban-daban, adadi mai yawa na alamun RFID da katunan wayo sun taru a cikin aljihuna: katunan amintattu (misali, izini ko katunan banki), wucewar ski, wucewar zirga-zirgar jama'a, ba tare da wanda a wasu Netherlands ba zai yuwu a rayuwa ba tare da, sannan wani abu dabam. .

Gabaɗaya, lokaci ya yi da za a warware wannan duka menagerie wanda aka gabatar a KDPV. A cikin sabon jerin labaran game da RFID da katunan wayo, zan ci gaba da dogon labari game da kasuwa, fasaha da tsarin ciki na gaske. micro- kwakwalwan kwamfuta, wanda ba tare da abin da rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun ba ta wanzu ba, farawa daga sarrafawa akan yaduwar kayayyaki (misali, gashin gashi) kuma ya ƙare tare da gina gine-ginen skyscrapers. Bugu da kari, a wannan lokacin sabbin 'yan wasa (misali, Sinawa) sun shigo cikin jirgin, ban da gajiyayyu NXPwanda ya cancanci magana akai.

Kamar yadda aka saba, za a raba labarin zuwa sassa na jigo, wanda zan buga gwargwadon ƙarfina, iyawa da samun kayan aiki.

Magana

Don haka, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa alamun buɗewa a gare ni shine ci gaba na sha'awar aiki tare da microscopy na lantarki da yanke. guntu daga nVidia dawo a 2012. IN wannan labarin An yi bitar ka'idar aiki na alamun RFID a takaice, kuma an buɗe da wargaza yawancin alamun da aka fi sani da samuwa a lokacin.

Wataƙila akwai ɗan ƙaramin abin da za a iya ƙarawa zuwa wannan labarin a yau: guda 3 (4) mafi yawan ma'auni LF (120-150 kHz), HF (13.65 MHz - mafi yawan alamun suna aiki a cikin wannan kewayon), UHF (a zahiri, akwai mitoci biyu na 433 da 866 MHz), waɗanda ke biye da su wasu ma'aurata mafi ƙarancin sanannun; Ka'idodin aiki iri ɗaya - haifar da wutar lantarki zuwa guntu ta raƙuman rediyo da sarrafa siginar mai shigowa tare da fitar da bayanai zuwa mai karɓa.

Gabaɗaya, alamar RFID tana kama da wani abu kamar haka: ƙasa, eriya, da guntu kanta.
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
Tag-shi daga Texas Instruments

Duk da haka, "ƙananan ƙasa" na amfani da waɗannan alamun a rayuwar yau da kullum ya canza sosai.

Idan a cikin 2012 NFC (Sadarwar kusa da filin) wani abu ne mai ban mamaki a cikin wayar salula, wanda ba a bayyana yadda kuma inda za'a iya amfani da shi ba. Kuma ƙattai irin su Sony, alal misali, suna haɓaka NFC da RFID a matsayin hanyar haɗin na'urori (mai magana daga Sony Xperia na farko, wanda ke haɗa sihiri ta hanyar taɓa wayar - Kai! Abin mamaki!) da kuma canza jihohi (alal misali, ya dawo gida, ya zazzage tambarin, wayar ta kunna sauti, haɗa zuwa WiFi, da sauransu), wanda, a ganina, bai shahara sosai ba.

Sannan a cikin 2019, malalaci ne kawai ba sa amfani da katunan mara waya (har yanzu NFC iri ɗaya ce, gabaɗaya), wayoyi tare da katunan kama-da-wane ('yar'uwata, lokacin canza wayarta, ta nemi NFC a ciki) da sauran “sauƙaƙe” na rayuwa. akan wannan fasaha. RFID ya zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun: fasfo ɗin bas ɗin da za a iya zubarwa, katunan don isa ga ofisoshi da yawa da sauran gine-gine, ƙaramin jaka a cikin ƙungiyoyi (kamar su. CamiPro da EPFL) "da dai sauransu, da dai sauransu."

A gaskiya, wannan shine dalilin da ya sa akwai nau'ikan tags masu yawa, kowannensu kuna son buɗewa ku ga abin da ke ɓoye a ciki: guntu wa aka shigar? ana kariya? wace irin eriya ce?

Amma abubuwa na farko…
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
Waɗannan ƙananan siliki ne suka sanya duniyarmu yadda muka san ta a yau.

Kalmomi kaɗan game da buɗe tags

Bari in tunatar da ku cewa don isa guntu da kanta, kuna buƙatar lalata samfurin ta amfani da wasu reagents na sinadarai. Misali, cire harsashi (yawanci kati ko alamar filastik zagaye tare da eriya a ciki), a hankali cire haɗin guntu daga eriya, wanke guntu kanta daga manne/insulator, wani lokacin cire sassan eriyar da aka siyar da ita zuwa madaidaicin lamba. , sannan kawai duba guntu da shimfidarsa.

Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
Deprocessing ne mai wuya ji

Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don hawan kwakwalwan kwamfuta sun sami ci gaba mai ban mamaki a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A gefe guda, wannan ya ƙara amincin haɗin guntu kuma ya rage yawan lahani; a daya bangaren, kawai tafasa a cikin acetone ko maida hankali sulfuric acid don narke ko ƙone kwayoyin halitta ba zai wanke guntu. Dole ne ku sami ƙwarewa, zaɓi cakuda acid don cire yadudduka da ba dole ba, amma a lokaci guda kada ku lalata motar wuta zuwa ƙarfe na guntu.
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
Matsalolin ragewa: lokacin da manne daga guntu ba za a iya wanke shi ba a kowane yanayi. LM - microscope laser; OM – Na gani microscope

Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
Ko haka...

Wani lokaci, ba shakka, kun kasance ɗan ƙaramin sa'a kuma guntu, ko da tare da insulating Layer, ya zama mai tsabta mai tsabta, wanda ba ya tasiri sosai ga ingancin hoton:
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum

NB: Yakamata a kula da ma'auni mai ma'ana da kaushi a wuri mai kyau, ko kuma zai fi dacewa a waje! Kada ku gwada wannan a gida a cikin kicin!

Bangaren aiki

Kamar yadda na riga na lura a farkon labarin, kowane bangare zai gabatar da nau'ikan daban ko alama da yawa: jigilar kaya (da gaske), "yau da kullun" da sauransu.

Bari mu fara a yau da mafi sauƙi tags da za a iya samu kusan ko'ina. Bari mu kira su "tambayoyin yau da kullum" saboda za ku iya samun su kusan ko'ina: daga lambar marathon zuwa taro da isar da kaya.
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
Alamun da aka tattauna a wannan labarin an yi fice a layin shuɗi mai dige-dige

Dogon Range UHF Tags

Yawancin masu karatun Habr suna wasa kuma suna son wasanni. A cikin ’yan shekarun da suka gabata, an yi ta bayyana yanayin shiga gasar tsere daban-daban, na rabin gudun fanfalaki da ma na gudun fanfalaki. Wani lokaci don neman lambar yabo Ba laifi a yi gudun kilomita 10.

Yawancin lokaci, kafin a fara taron, ana ba da lambar mahalarta tare da ƙananan kumfa a gefe, wanda bayansa - tsoro na tsoro - sanannen alamar RFID yana ɓoye. na taron! Ba da gaske ba. Tun da ana amfani da farawar taro a irin waɗannan gasa, wajibi ne a ƙaddamar da lokacin kowane ɗan takara daga lokacin ƙetare layin farawa zuwa ƙarshe. Gudun ta hanyar firam na musamman a cikin nau'in farawa da ƙare ƙofofin, kowane ɗan takara yana farawa kuma, bisa ga haka, yana dakatar da agogon gudu marar ganuwa.

Alamar tana kama da wani abu kamar haka:
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
Kamar yadda al'ada ta nuna, ko da a Switzerland akwai aƙalla alamomi guda biyu waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin irin waɗannan al'amuran jama'a. Sun bambanta duka a cikin eriya (na al'ada, kunkuntar da fadi) kuma a cikin ƙirar guntu. Gaskiya ne, a cikin duka biyun guntu ne na yau da kullun, ba tare da kariya ba, ba tare da ƙararrawa da busa ba kuma, a fili, tare da ƙaramin ƙwaƙwalwa. Kuma, kamar yadda aikin ya nuna, kuma daga wannan masana'anta - IMPINJ.

Yana da wahala a gare ni in yanke hukunci ko an yi rikodin wani abu akan guntu; da alama yana aiki ne kawai don ganewa. Idan kun san ƙarin, rubuta a cikin sharhi!
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
IMPINJ guntu da eriya mai faɗi

Wannan alamar ta riga ta bayyana yanka ga masu sana'a. Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da alamar Monza R6 daga masana'anta na Amurka IMPINJ nan (pdf).
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
LM (hagu) da OM (dama) hotuna a girman 50x.
Kuna iya saukar da hoton HD a nan

Sauran lokacin bin diddigin ya ɗan fi rikitarwa fiye da guntuwar Monza R6, kuma babu alamun guntu, don haka yana da wahala a kwatanta su biyun.
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
"UFO" guntu daga masana'anta "ba a sani ba".

Kamar yadda ya juya a lokacin raye-raye tare da tambourine a kusa da wannan guntu: masana'anta iri ɗaya ne - IMPINJ, kuma lambar sunan guntu shine Monza 4. Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayani. nan (pdf)
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
LM (hagu) da OM (dama) hotuna a girman 50x.
Kuna iya saukar da hoton HD a nan

Kusa da alamun filin cikin sufuri da dabaru

Bari mu ci gaba, ana samun nasarar amfani da alamun RFID a cikin sufuri da dabaru don lissafin kayayyaki na atomatik/na-yi-ka-da-kai.

Don haka, alal misali, lokacin da na ba da umarnin gilashin RayBan, an shigar da irin wannan alamar RFID a cikin akwatin. An yiwa guntu alamar SL3S1204V1D daga 2014 kuma NXP ce ta kera shi.
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin aiki tare da RFID na zamani shine wanke guntu daga manne da rufi ...

Ana iya karanta bayanai akan lakabin nan (pdf). Label class/misali - EPC Gen2 RFID A hanyar, a ƙarshen daftarin aiki yana da ban dariya don kallon canjin canji, wanda wani ɓangare ya nuna tsarin kawo alamar zuwa kasuwa. Aikace-aikace sun haɗa da sarrafa kaya a cikin dillalai da kuma salo. Sabili da haka, lokacin da kuka sayi wani abu mai tsada ($ 200+), duba a hankali, watakila za ku sami irin wannan alamar.
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
LM (hagu) da OM (dama) hotuna a girman 50x.
HD ya yanke shawarar ba zai yi ba...

Wani misali kuma wani akwati ne (ko da yake ban tuna inda na samo shi ba), wanda ke da irin wannan alamar "samfurin" a ciki.
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
Abin takaici, ban sami wani takaddun takamaiman guntu ba, amma akwai pdf akan gidan yanar gizon NXP guntu tagwaye SL3S1203_1213. An kera guntu bisa ma'aunin EPC G2iL(+) kuma da alama yana da kariyar ƙararrawa. Yana aiki da farko, kawai karya OUT-VDD jumper yana jawo tuta kuma alamar ta zama mara aiki.

Wani abu da za a ƙara? Rubuta a cikin sharhi!
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
LM (hagu) da OM (dama) hotuna a girman 50x.
Kuna iya saukar da hoton HD a nan

Taro da nune-nunen

Halin al'ada na amfani da RFID don saurin gano mutum shine baji iri-iri a taro, nune-nunen da sauran abubuwan da suka faru. A wannan yanayin, ba dole ba ne mai shiga ya bar katin kasuwancinsa ko musanyawa ta hanyar al'ada ba, kawai yana buƙatar kawo alamar ga mai karatu kuma duk bayanan tuntuɓar za a tura zuwa abokin tarayya. Kuma wannan baya ga rijistar gargajiya da kuma kofar shiga baje kolin.

A cikin alamar da na samu bayan nunin masana'antar IAC shine eriya zagaye tare da guntu daga NXP MF0UL1VOC, a wasu kalmomi, sabon ƙarni MIFARE. Ana iya samun cikakken bayani nan (pdf).
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
Ɗaya daga cikin misalan na yau da kullun na amfani da bajoji masu wayo a nunin IMAC
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
LM (hagu) da OM (dama) hotuna a girman 50x.
Kuna iya saukar da hoton HD a nan

Af, ga wadanda suke so su dubi ba kawai hardware ba, har ma da software na tag - a ƙasa zan gabatar da hotunan kariyar kwamfuta daga shirin NFC-Reader, inda za ku iya ganin nau'i da nau'in alamar. girman ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ɓoyewa, da sauransu.
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum

Amintaccen guntu ba zato ba tsammani

A ƙarshe, Ina so in lura da alamar ƙarshe da ta zo don bincike a cikin rukunin farko na alamun "kowace rana". Na samo shi daga lokacin haɗin gwiwa tare da Prestigio. Babban maƙasudin alamar ita ce yin wasu ayyukan da aka saita, alal misali, a cikin tsarin yanayin gida mai wayo (kunna fitilu, fara kunna kiɗa, da sauransu). Ka yi tunanin mamaki na cewa, da farko, buɗe shi ya zama mai ban sha'awa sosai, kuma, na biyu, abin mamaki yana jirana a ciki a cikin nau'i na guntu mai cikakken kariya.
Duban ciki: RFID a duniyar zamani. Sashe na 1: RFID a rayuwar yau da kullum
Da kyau, dole ne mu jinkirta shi har zuwa lokuta mafi kyau, idan ana batun kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu kariya - za mu dawo gare shi. Af, duk mai sha'awar ƙarin koyo game da yuwuwar karewa da amfani da RFID a fagage daban-daban na ayyuka - Ina ba da shawarar wannan. in mun gwada kwanan nan gabatarwa.

Maimakon a ƙarshe

Ba a gama da mu da alamun “kowace rana” ba; a kashi na biyu, duniyar ban mamaki na RFID na kasar Sin har ma da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na kasar Sin suna jiranmu. Tsaya saurare!

Kar ku manta kuyi subscribing блог: Ba shi da wahala a gare ku - na ji daɗi!

Ee, da fatan za a rubuto mani game da duk wani gazawar da aka lura a cikin rubutun.

Masu amfani da rajista kawai za su iya shiga cikin binciken. Shigadon Allah.

A cikin ra'ayin ku, shin microscope na laser yana ƙara ƙarin bayani zuwa ga ma'aunin gani (fiye ko, akasin haka, ƙananan layi, mafi girman bambanci, da sauransu)?

  • A

  • Babu

  • Da wahalar amsawa

  • Ni kudan zuma ne

Masu amfani 60 sun kada kuri'a. Masu amfani 18 sun kaurace.

Shin yana da ma'ana don ƙirƙirar ma'ajiyar hotuna akan Patreon? Shin akwai sha'awar taimakawa tare da tsabar kuɗi, kuma a musayar HD, fuskar bangon waya 4K akan tebur ɗinku, misali?

  • Ee, tabbas

  • Ee, amma jama'a masu sha'awar suna da iyaka

  • Yana da wuya kowa ya yi sha'awar

  • Tabbas a'a

  • Ni kudan zuma ne

Masu amfani 60 sun kada kuri'a. Masu amfani 17 sun kaurace.

source: www.habr.com

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