Rubutun ya taƙaita ra'ayoyin da marubucin ya bayyana a cikin rahoton "".
Babban rashin amfani da matsalolin gidan yanar gizon zamani:
- Bala'i mai yawa na hanyar sadarwa tare da abubuwan da aka kwafi akai-akai, in babu ingantacciyar hanya don neman tushen asali.
- Watsewa da rashin alaƙa na abun ciki yana nufin cewa ba shi yiwuwa a yi cikakken zaɓi ta jigo kuma, har ma da ƙari, ta matakin bincike.
- Dogaro da nau'in gabatarwar abun ciki akan masu bugawa (sau da yawa bazuwar, bin nasu, yawanci kasuwanci, burin).
- Raunan haɗin kai tsakanin sakamakon bincike da ontology (tsarin sha'awa) na mai amfani.
- Ƙananan samuwa da ƙarancin rarraba abun ciki na cibiyar sadarwar da aka adana (musamman, cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a).
- Akwai ƙananan shiga ƙwararrun masu sana'a a cikin ƙungiyar (tsarin tsarin) na abun ciki, ko da yake su ne, ta hanyar yanayin ayyukansu, suna shiga cikin tsarin tsarin ilimin yau da kullum, amma sakamakon aikin su yana rubuce ne kawai a kan. kwamfutocin gida.
Babban abin da ke kawo cikas da rashin dacewar hanyar sadarwar shine na'urar da muka gada daga gidan yanar gizo na 1.0, wanda a cikinta shine babban wanda ke kan hanyar sadarwa ba shine mai bayanan ba, amma shine mai wurin da yake. Wato, akidar abubuwan da ke ɗauke da abun ciki an canja su zuwa cibiyar sadarwa, inda babban abu shine wurin (laburare, kiosk, shinge) da abu (littafi, jarida, takarda), sannan kawai abun ciki. Amma tun da yake, ba kamar duniyar gaske ba, sarari a cikin duniyar kama-da-wane baya iyakancewa kuma yana biyan kuɗi dinari, adadin wuraren da ke ba da bayanai ya zarce adadin na'urorin abun ciki na musamman ta umarni mai girma. Yanar gizo 2.0 ta ɗan gyara halin da ake ciki: kowane mai amfani ya karɓi nasa sararin samaniya - asusu akan hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa da 'yancin daidaita shi zuwa wani yanki. Amma matsalar da ke tattare da keɓancewar abun ciki ta ƙara tabarbarewa: fasahar kwafi ta ƙara ƙimar kwafin bayanai ta hanyar girma.
Ƙoƙarin shawo kan waɗannan matsalolin na Intanet na zamani ya ta'allaka ne a hanyoyi biyu, masu alaƙa da juna.
- Ƙara daidaiton bincike ta microformatting abun ciki da aka rarraba a cikin shafuka.
- Ƙirƙirar "majigi" na abun ciki abin dogara.
Jagoran farko, ba shakka, yana ba ku damar samun binciken da ya fi dacewa idan aka kwatanta da zaɓi na ƙayyade kalmomi, amma ba ya kawar da matsalar kwafi na abun ciki, kuma mafi mahimmanci, baya kawar da yiwuwar jabu - tsarin tsarin bayanai. Mafi sau da yawa ana yin shi ta mai shi, kuma ba ta marubucin ba, kuma tabbas ba mabukaci ba wanda ya fi sha'awar mahimmancin bincike.
Ci gaba a hanya ta biyu (Google, , da dai sauransu) ba da damar samun tabbataccen bayanai marasa ma'ana, amma a cikin wuraren da hakan zai yiwu - matsalar yawan ilimin jama'a ya kasance a buɗe a wuraren da babu daidaitattun ka'idoji da dabaru na gama gari don tsara tsarin bayanai. Matsalar samu, tsarawa da kuma haɗa sabbin abubuwa (na yanzu) a cikin ma'ajin bayanai yana da wuyar warwarewa, wanda shine babbar matsala a cikin hanyar sadarwar zamani ta zamantakewa.
Waɗanne mafita ne tsarin aiki mai amfani da mai amfani ya saita a cikin rahoton "»
- Ƙin tsarin rukunin yanar gizon - babban abin da ke cikin cibiyar sadarwa ya kamata ya zama naúrar abun ciki, kuma ba wurinsa ba; dole ne kullin hanyar sadarwa ya zama mai amfani, tare da saitin raka'o'in abun ciki da aka saita dangane da shi, wanda za'a iya kiransa ontology mai amfani.
- Dangantakar ma'ana (Pluralism), wanda ke bayyana rashin yiwuwar wanzuwar dabaru guda don tsara bayanai, sanin bukatar adadin marasa iyaka na gungu na ontological masu zaman kansu, ko da a cikin maudu'i iri daya. Kowane gungu yana wakiltar ilimin ilimin halitta na wani mai amfani (na mutum ɗaya ko na gaba ɗaya).
- Hanya mai aiki don gina ontologies, yana nuna cewa ontology (tsarin gungu) an kafa shi kuma yana bayyana a cikin ayyukan janareta na abun ciki. Wannan tsarin dole yana buƙatar sake daidaita ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa daga tsara abun ciki zuwa tsarar ontology, wanda da gaske yana nufin ƙirƙirar kayan aiki don aiwatar da kowane aiki akan hanyar sadarwa. Ƙarshen zai ba ka damar jawo hankalin ƙwararrun ƙwararru zuwa cibiyar sadarwar da za su tabbatar da aiki.
Za a iya siffanta batu na ƙarshe dalla-dalla:
- ƙwararre ce ta ƙirƙira ilimin ilimin ilimin halitta a cikin ayyukansa na ƙwararru. Tsarin yana ba masu sana'a duk kayan aikin shigarwa, tsarawa da sarrafa kowane nau'in bayanai.
- Ontology yana bayyana a cikin ayyukan ƙwararru. Wannan ya zama mai yiwuwa a yanzu saboda yawancin kaso na ayyukan kowane aiki ana yin su ne ko kuma nadi akan kwamfuta. Kada kwararre ya gina ilimin kimiyyar ilimin halitta, ya kamata ya yi aiki a cikin yanayin software, wanda a lokaci guda shine babban kayan aikin aikinsa da janareta na ontology.
- Ontology ya zama babban sakamakon aikin (duka ga tsarin da masu sana'a) - samfurin aikin ƙwararru (rubutu, gabatarwa, tebur) shine kawai dalili na gina ontology na wannan aikin. Ba ilimin ontology ba ne wanda aka ɗaure da samfurin (rubutu), amma rubutun da aka fahimta a matsayin wani abu da aka samar a cikin takamaiman ilimin halitta.
- Dole ne a fahimci Ontology a matsayin ontology na takamaiman aiki; Akwai da yawa ontologies kamar yadda akwai ayyuka.
Don haka, babban ƙarshe: Yanar gizo 3.0 sauyi ne daga gidan yanar gizo mai tsaka-tsaki zuwa cibiyar sadarwar mai amfani da ma'ana - daga hanyar sadarwa na shafukan yanar gizo tare da abubuwan da aka tsara ba da gangan zuwa hanyar sadarwar abubuwa na musamman waɗanda aka haɗa zuwa adadi mara iyaka na cluster ontologies. Daga bangaren fasaha, Yanar gizo 3.0 shine saitin sabis na kan layi wanda ke ba da cikakken kewayon kayan aiki don shigarwa, gyarawa, bincika da kuma nuna kowane nau'in abun ciki, wanda a lokaci guda ke ba da kantologization na ayyukan mai amfani, kuma ta hanyar sa, ontologization na abun ciki.
Alexander Boldachev, 2012-2015
source: www.habr.com