Gabatarwar
Anyi nufin wannan labarin ne don hankalin masu gudanar da tsarin waɗanda ke shirya wuraren aiki na yau da kullun akan kwamfutocin da ke gudana Windows 10, gami da masu haɓaka software.
Ya kamata a lura cewa akwai wata matsala da ke da alaƙa da rashin yiwuwar haɗa software da aka samo daga kantin sayar da kan layi na Microsoft don amfani da su a cikin al'ada Windows 10. Ba tare da yin cikakken bayani ba, zan fayyace cewa wannan matsalar tana da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa. shirye-shiryen da aka shigar daga Shagon Microsoft suna sadarwa tare da asusun sabis na Gudanarwa, kuma lokacin da mai amfani ya kammala ƙirƙirar hoton al'ada. sysprep kurakurai suna faruwa saboda wannan yanayin.
Hanyar da aka tattauna a cikin wannan labarin tana guje wa wannan matsala lokacin shirya hoto na Windows 10 OS tare da tsarin WSL2 da aka riga aka tsara, da kuma tsarin Ubuntu 20.04 da aka riga aka tsara da kuma daidaita shi tare da KDE Plasma GUI, wanda kuma zai iya samun kansa. saitin software na al'ada.
Akwai misalai da yawa da koyawa akan Intanet don kafa tsarin tsarin WSL (watau WSL1 da sabon WSL2), tare da kafa tsarin GUI don tsarin OS na tushen Linux daga Ubuntu 16.04 zuwa Ubuntu 20.04, amma wannan galibi ya shafi kwamfyutocin tebur. akan abin da ake kira. "mai nauyi" xfce4, wanda ke da iyakoki masu iya fahimta a cikin saitunan mai amfani. Amma har zuwa KDE Plasma GUI na Ubuntu 20.04 ya damu, babu bayanai da yawa da aka samu akan yanar gizo. Amma wannan zaɓin shine ya ba mai amfani da ƙarshen kusan saitin saiti mara iyaka don duka bayyanar tsarin da saitunan kayan masarufi, ba shakka, la'akari da damar haɗin kai na yanzu na tsarin Linux wanda aka aiwatar a cikin tsarin WSL2.
Shigar da saitin software da ake buƙata da daidaita WSL2
Muna duba nau'in Windows na yanzu, don wannan, a cikin mashaya binciken Windows, shigar da umarnin winver kuma muna samun wani abu kamar haka:
Yana da mahimmanci cewa sigar OS ita ce 1903 ko 1909 (takamaiman nau'ikan OS dole ne su kasance tare da shigar da sabuntawar KB4566116), ko 2004 (lambar gini ba ƙasa da 19041), sauran bayanan ba su da mahimmanci. Idan lambar sigar ta yi ƙasa, ana ba da shawarar haɓaka zuwa sabuwar sigar Windows don sake fitar da sakamakon daidai a cikin wannan labarin.
Don dacewa da ƙarin ayyuka, shigar da Terminal na Windows kyauta ta amfani da Shagon Microsoft (akwai yuwuwar zazzagewa daga wasu tushe):
Muna shigar da X Server X410 ta cikin kantin Microsoft guda ɗaya, wannan software ana biya, amma akwai lokacin kyauta na kwanaki 15, wanda ya isa ga gwaje-gwaje daban-daban.
A matsayin madadin kyauta zuwa X410 kuma shigar da uwar garken VcXsrv X.
A kowane wuri mai dacewa akan faifai, muna ƙirƙirar kundin adireshi wanda zamu adana fayilolin mu. A matsayin misali, bari mu ƙirƙiri directory C:wsl.
kuma shigar da mai sakawa na Ubuntu 20.04, cire fakitin fayil ɗin da aka samo ta amfani da ma'ajiyar bayanai (misali, 7-zip). Sake suna littafin adireshi wanda ba a tattarawa ba tare da dogon suna Ubuntu_2004.2020.424.0_x64 cikin wani abu mafi karbuwa, kamar Ubuntu-20.04 da kwafi shi zuwa directory C:wsl (nan gaba kawai wsl).
kuma cire kaya a cikin kundin adireshi wsl uwar garken sauti na giciye-dandamali PulseAudio v.1.1., muna kuma yin gyare-gyare ga fayilolin sanyi.
A cikin fayil wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedefault.pa sashe Load audio drivers statically gyara layin:
load-module module-waveout sink_name=output source_name=input record=0
kuma a cikin sashe Network access gyara layin:
load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1 auth-anonymous=1
A cikin fayil wslpulseaudio-1.1etcpulsedaemon.conf uncomment kuma canza layi
exit-idle-time = -1
Muna saita tsarin tsarin WSL2 daidai da Microsoft. Maganar kawai ita ce mun riga mun zazzage rarrabawar Ubuntu, kuma za mu shigar da shi a mataki na gaba. Ainihin, saitin yana saukowa don kunna ƙarin abubuwan haɗin "Windows Subsystem for Linux" da "Virtual Machine Platform", sa'an nan kuma sake yin amfani da canje-canje ga saitunan kwamfuta:
Idan ya cancanta kuma shigar da fakitin sabis na kernel na Linux a cikin WSL2.
Mun ƙaddamar da Windows Terminal kuma zaɓi Yanayin Saurin Umurnin ta danna maɓallan Ctrl+Shift+2.
Da farko, mun saita yanayin aiki na WSL2, don wannan mun shigar da umarni:
wsl --set-default-version 2
Canza zuwa jagorar bootloader na Ubuntu 20.04, a cikin akwati na wannan shine wslUbuntu-20.04 kuma gudanar da fayil ubuntu2004.exe. Lokacin neman sunan mai amfani, shigar da sunan mai amfani engineer (zaka iya shigar da kowane suna), shigar da kalmar wucewa kuma tabbatar da kalmar sirri da aka shigar don takamaiman asusun:
Tashar tasha ta bayyana, an shigar da kernel Ubuntu 20.04. Bari mu bincika daidaitattun saitunan yanayin WSL2, don wannan, a cikin Windows Terminal, zaɓi shafin Windows PowerShell kuma shigar da umarnin:
wsl -l -v
sakamakon kisa ya kasance kamar haka:
Muna saita Tacewar Tacewar zaɓi na Microsoft Defender, i.e. kashe shi don cibiyar sadarwar jama'a:
Shigar da Ubuntu 20.04
A cikin Terminal na Windows, sake zaɓi shafin Umurnin Umurnin sake shigar da sabuntawa don Ubuntu 20.04. Don yin wannan, akan layin umarni, shigar:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade –y
Shigar da KDE Plasma tebur:
sudo apt install kubuntu-desktop -y
shigarwa yana ɗaukar har zuwa mintuna 30, ya danganta da aikin kwamfutar da bandwidth na tashar shiga Intanet, lokacin da mai sakawa ya buƙace mu, mun tabbatar. OK.
Shigar da harshen Rashanci da ƙamus Ubuntu 20.04. Don yin wannan, akan layin umarni, shigar:
sudo apt install language-pack-ru language-pack-kde-ru -y
sudo apt install libreoffice-l10n-ru libreoffice-help-ru -y
sudo apt install hunspell-ru mueller7-dict -y
sudo update-locale LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales # примечание: выбираем ru_RU.UTF-8 UTF-8, см. скриншоты ниже.
sudo apt-get install --reinstall locales
Ƙara sabon sigar KDE Plasma tebur:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kubuntu-ppa/backports
sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y
Muna ƙara namu tsarin aikace-aikacen console, misali mc и neofetch:
sudo apt install mc neofetch -y
Mun duba abin da ya faru, shiga cikin layin umarni neofetch, duba hoton allo:
Gyara fayil ɗin saitin WSL /etc/wsl.conf:
sudo nano /etc/wsl.conf
kwafi rubutun zuwa cikin taga komai na editan rubutu wanda ke buɗewa:
[automount]
enabled = true
root = /mnt
options = «metadata,umask=22,fmask=11»
mountFsTab = true
[network]
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
[interop]
enabled = true
appendWindowsPath = true
ajiye canje-canje (Ctrl+O), tabbatar da aiki kuma fita editan rubutu (Ctrl+X).
Ana fitar da hoton Ubuntu-20.04 na musamman zuwa kundin adireshi da muka ƙirƙira wsl. Don yin wannan, a cikin Windows Terminal, sake zaɓi shafin Windows PowerShell kuma shigar da umarnin:
wsl --export Ubuntu-20.04 c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
Hoton da aka ƙirƙira zai taimaka mana mu sarrafa ayyukan ƙaddamarwa / sake shigar da Ubuntu 20.04 da aka saita, idan ya cancanta, zai ba mu damar canja shi zuwa wata kwamfuta cikin sauƙi.
Ana shirya fayilolin jemage da gajerun hanyoyi zuwa tebur na Windows
Yin amfani da editan Notepad ++, ƙirƙirar fayilolin jemage (dole a cikin OEM-866 rufaffiyar don ingantaccen fitarwa na haruffa Cyrillic):
fayil Install-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - an tsara shi don sarrafa farkon shigarwa na hoton da aka kirkira na Ubuntu 20.04 akan kwamfuta tare da tsarin WSL2 da aka riga aka tsara da sabar X. Idan sunan mai amfani da kalmar sirri sun bambanta da waɗanda aka ƙayyade a cikin misalin, to kuna buƙatar yin canje-canje masu dacewa ga wannan fayil ɗin bat:
@echo off
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания установки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно установлен!
echo Не забудьте сменить учетную запись по умолчанию «root» на существующую учетную запись пользователя,
echo либо используйте предустановленную учетную запись «engineer», пароль: «password».
pause
fayil Reinstall-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - tsara don sake saka hoton da aka shirya na Ubuntu 20.04 akan kwamfutar.
@echo off
wsl --unregister Ubuntu-20.04
wsl --set-default-version 2
cls
echo Ожидайте окончания переустановки дистрибутива Ubuntu-20.04...
wsl --import Ubuntu-20.04 c:wsl c:wslUbuntu-plasma-desktop
wsl -s Ubuntu-20.04
cls
echo Дистрибутив Ubuntu-20.04 успешно переустановлен!
pause
fayil Set-default-user.bat - don saita tsoho mai amfani.
@echo off
set /p answer=Введите существующую учетную запись в Ubuntu (engineer):
c:wslUbuntu-20.04ubuntu2004.exe config --default-user %answer%
cls
echo Учетная запись пользователя %answer% в Ubuntu-20.04 установлена по умолчанию!
pause
fayil Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat - ainihin ƙaddamar da KDE Plasma tebur.
@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "if [ -z "$(pidof plasmashell)" ]; then cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; plasmashell ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ; fi;"
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul
fayil Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat - ƙaddamar da tashar hoto ba tare da tebur na KDE Plasma ba.
@echo off
echo ===================================== Внимание! ============================================
echo Для корректной работы GUI Ubuntu 20.04 в WSL2 необходимо использовать X Server.
echo Примечание: в случае использования VcXsrv Windows X Server необходимо раскомментировать
echo строки в файле Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat, содержащие "config.xlaunch" и
echo "vcxsrv.exe", и закомментировать все строки, содержащие "x410".
echo ============================================================================================
rem start "" /B "c:wslvcxsrvconfig.xlaunch" > nul
start "" /B x410.exe /wm /public > nul
start "" /B "c:wslpulseaudio-1.1binpulseaudio.exe" --use-pid-file=false -D > nul
c:wslUbuntu-20.04Ubuntu2004.exe run "cd ~ ; export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 ; export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 ; setxkbmap us,ru -option grp:ctrl_shift_toggle ; export PULSE_SERVER=tcp:$(grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf | awk '{print $2}') ; sudo /etc/init.d/dbus start &> /dev/null ; sudo service ssh start ; sudo service xrdp start ; konsole ; pkill '(gpg|ssh)-agent' ;"
taskkill.exe /F /T /IM x410.exe > nul
rem taskkill.exe /F /T /IM vcxsrv.exe > nul
taskkill.exe /F /IM pulseaudio.exe > nul
Hakanan don sauƙin amfani a cikin kasida wsl muna shirya gajerun hanyoyi masu nuni ga fayilolin jemage masu dacewa. Sai abubuwan da ke cikin littafin wsl kama da wannan:
Ƙaddamar da KDE Plasma Desktop
Mun duba cewa an kammala duk matakan shirye-shiryen, muna ƙoƙarin ƙaddamar da gajeriyar hanya Plasma-desktop. Buƙatar kalmar sirri ta bayyana, shigar da kalmar sirri don asusun kuma ... taga yana rufe. Ba laifi a karon farko. Muna sake gwadawa - kuma mun ga saban KDE Plasma taskbar. Mun keɓance bayyanar ma'aunin ɗawainiya, a cikin misali, don sauƙin amfani, ana matsar da panel zuwa gefen dama na allon kuma a tsakiya. Muna duba saitunan wurin, idan ya cancanta, ƙara yaren Rashanci:
Idan ya cancanta, muna kawo gajerun hanyoyi don shigar da aikace-aikacen Linux zuwa KDE Plasma taskbar.
Idan Ubuntu 20.04 yana buƙatar ku fita daga asusun mai amfani don amfani da canje-canje ga saitunan, ko kuna buƙatar sake kunna OS, don yin wannan, a cikin Windows Terminal, shigar da umarnin:
wsl -d Ubuntu20.04 --shutdown
Tare da gajeriyar hanya Plasma-desktop ko Konsole Kuna iya gudanar da KDE Plasma Ubuntu 20.04 GUI. Misali, shigar da Konsole Editan hoto na GIMP:
Bayan shigarwa ya cika, gudu daga Konsole Editan hoto na GIMP:
GIMP yana aiki, wanda shine abin da nake so in bincika.
Kuma ga yadda aikace-aikacen Linux daban-daban ke aiki a cikin KDE Plasma a cikin WSL2:
madaidaicin KDE Plasma taskbar yana gefen dama na allo. kuma bidiyon da ke cikin taga Firefox yana wasa da sauti.
Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya saita damar zuwa Ubuntu20.04 ta SSH и RDP, don wannan kuna buƙatar shigar da ayyukan da suka dace tare da umarnin:
sudo apt install ssh xrdp -y
bayanin kula: don ba da damar shiga kalmar sirri ta SSH kuna buƙatar gyara fayil ɗin /etc/ssh/sshd_config, wato siga PasswordAuthentication no dole ne a saita zuwa PasswordAuthentication yes, ajiye canje-canje kuma sake kunna Ubuntu20.04.
Duk lokacin da ka fara Ubuntu20.04, adireshin IP na ciki yana canzawa, kafin kafa damar shiga nesa, kana buƙatar duba adireshin IP na yanzu ta amfani da umarnin. ip a:
Saboda haka, dole ne a shigar da wannan ip-address a cikin saitunan zaman SSH и RDP kafin farawa.
Wannan shine yadda hanyar shiga nesa tayi kama SSH Amfani da MobaXterm:
Kuma wannan shine yadda hanyar shiga nesa tayi kama RDP:
Amfani x uwar garken vcxsrv maimakon x410
Ƙaddamarwa da kafawa vcxsrv, a hankali saita akwatuna masu dacewa:
Ajiye saitin da aka tsara a cikin kundin adireshi wslvcxsrv tare da daidaitattun suna config.xlaunch.
Gyara fayilolin bat Start-Ubuntu-20.04-plasma-desktop.bat и Start-Ubuntu-20.04-terminal.bat bisa ga umarninsu.
Ƙaddamar da gajeriyar hanya Plasma-desktop, kuma ga abin da muke samu:
KDE Plasma tebur yana rufe kwamfyutar Windows gaba ɗaya, don canzawa tsakanin windows na Linux da aikace-aikacen windows muna amfani da sanannen haɗin maɓalli. Alt+Tab, wanda bai dace sosai ba.
Bugu da kari, an bayyana wani abu mara dadi na uwar garken X vcxsrv - yana rushewa lokacin ƙaddamar da wasu aikace-aikacen, musamman GIMP iri ɗaya ko Marubuci LibreOffice. Wataƙila ya kamata mu jira har sai masu haɓakawa sun cire "kwari" da aka lura, amma wannan bai tabbata ba ... Don haka, don samun sakamako mai karɓa, yana da kyau a yi amfani da X Server Microsoft x410.
ƙarshe
Duk da haka, dole ne mu ba da yabo ga Microsoft, samfurin WSL2 ya zama yana aiki sosai, kuma a ra'ayi na rashin fahimta, yayi nasara sosai. Kuma kamar yadda na sani, masu haɓakawa suna ci gaba da "kammala" ta sosai, kuma watakila - a cikin shekara ɗaya ko biyu, wannan tsarin zai bayyana a cikin cikakken aikinsa.
source: www.habr.com