Tsarukan aiki sune ginshiƙan masana'antar zamani. A gefe guda, suna cinye albarkatun uwar garke masu mahimmanci waɗanda za a iya kashe su akan wani abu mafi amfani. A gefe guda, tsarin aiki yana aiki azaman ƙungiyar makaɗa don aikace-aikacen uwar garke kuma yana ba ku damar jujjuya tsarin sarrafa kwamfuta guda ɗaya zuwa dandamali mai yawa, kuma yana sauƙaƙe hulɗar duk masu sha'awar kayan aiki. Yanzu babban tsarin tsarin aikin uwar garken shine Windows Server + yawancin rarrabawar Linux iri daban-daban. Kowannen waɗannan tsarin aiki yana da nasa ribobi, fursunoni da alkuki na aikace-aikace. A yau za mu yi magana a taƙaice game da tsarin da ke zuwa tare da sabar mu.
Windows Server
Wannan tsarin aiki ya shahara sosai a ɓangaren kamfanoni, kodayake yawancin masu amfani da na yau da kullun suna danganta Windows da sigar tebur don PC. Dangane da ayyuka da abubuwan more rayuwa da ake buƙata don tallafawa, kamfanoni yanzu suna aiki da nau'ikan Windows Server da yawa, farawa daga Windows Server 2003 kuma suna ƙarewa da sabon sigar - Windows Server 2019. Muna ba da sabar tare da duk tsarin aiki da aka jera, wato. Windows Server 2003, 2008 R2, 2016 da 2019.
Ana amfani da Windows Server 2003 da farko don tallafawa tsarin kamfanoni da cibiyoyin sadarwa da aka gina akan Windows XP. Wani abin mamaki shi ne, har yanzu ana amfani da nau’in Microsoft na Desktop OS, wanda aka daina amfani da shi kimanin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, tunda an rubuta masa manhajojin kera da yawa a lokaci guda. Haka abin yake ga Windows Server 2008 R2 da Windows Server 2016 - sun fi dacewa da tsofaffi amma software mai aiki don haka har yanzu ana amfani da su.
Babban fa'idodin sabobin da ke tafiyar da Windows shine kusancin sauƙi na gudanarwa, babban adadin bayanai, litattafai da software. Bugu da ƙari, ba za ku iya yin ba tare da uwar garken Windows ba idan yanayin yanayin kamfanin ya haɗa da software ko mafita waɗanda ke amfani da ɗakunan karatu da sassan kernel na tsarin Microsoft. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara fasahar RDP don samun damar mai amfani zuwa aikace-aikacen uwar garken da madaidaicin tsarin. Bugu da ƙari, Windows Server yana da nau'i mai sauƙi ba tare da GUI ba tare da amfani da albarkatu a matakin rarraba Linux - Windows Server Core, game da wanda . Muna jigilar duk sabar Windows tare da lasisin da aka kunna (kyauta ga sabbin masu amfani).
Rashin amfanin Winserver ya haɗa da sigogi biyu: farashin lasisi da amfani da albarkatu. A cikin dukkan tsarin aiki na uwar garken, Windows Server ita ce mafi yawan wutar lantarki kuma tana buƙatar akalla processor core kuma daga daya da rabi zuwa uku gigabytes na RAM kawai don ainihin da daidaitattun ayyuka. Wannan tsarin bai dace da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi ba, kuma yana da yawan raunin da ya shafi RDP da ƙungiyoyi da manufofin masu amfani.
Mafi sau da yawa, Windows Server an yi niyya ne don gudanar da intranets na kamfani da kuma tabbatar da ayyukan takamaiman software, bayanai na MSSQL, kayan aikin ASP.NET ko wasu software da aka ƙirƙira musamman don Windows. A lokaci guda, wannan har yanzu cikakken OS ne wanda zaku iya tura hanyar sadarwa, tada DNS ko kowane sabis.
Ubuntu
Ubuntu yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kuma ci gaba da haɓaka rabon dangin Linux, wanda aka fara fitowa a cikin 2004. Da zarar ''matan gida' tafi-zuwa' a cikin Gnome harsashi, bayan lokaci Ubuntu ya zama tsohuwar uwar garken OS saboda yawan al'umma da ci gaba mai gudana. Sabon mashahurin sigar shine 18.04, amma muna kuma samar da sabobin don 16.04, kuma kusan mako guda da suka gabata , wanda ya kawo kyawawan abubuwa masu yawa.
Idan an yi amfani da Windows Server azaman OS don tallafawa takamaiman software da ke dacewa da Windows, to Ubuntu a matsayin rarraba Linux labari ne game da buɗe tushen da ci gaban yanar gizo. Don haka, sabobin Linux ne ake amfani da su don karɓar sabar yanar gizo akan Nginx ko Apache (saɓanin Microsoft IIS), don yin aiki tare da PostgreSQL da MySQL ko shahararrun harsunan ci gaban rubutun a halin yanzu. Sabis na sarrafa zirga-zirga da zirga-zirga kuma za su dace daidai akan sabar Ubuntu.
Fa'idodin sun haɗa da ƙarancin amfani da albarkatu fiye da Windows Server, da kuma aikin ɗan ƙasa tare da na'urar wasan bidiyo da masu sarrafa fakiti na duk tsarin Unix. Bugu da kari, Ubuntu, kasancewar farko “Unix home desktop”, yana da matukar dacewa ga mai amfani, wanda ya sauqaqa gudanarwa.
Babban hasara shine Unix, tare da duk abin da yake nunawa. Ubuntu na iya zama abokantaka, amma dangi kawai ga sauran tsarin Linux. Don haka don yin aiki da shi, musamman a cikin cikakken tsarin uwar garken - wato, ta hanyar tashar tashar - kuna buƙatar wasu ƙwarewa. Bugu da kari, Ubuntu ya fi mai da hankali kan amfani da mutum kuma ba koyaushe ya dace da warware batutuwan kamfanoni ba.
Debian
Yana da ban mamaki cewa Debian shine tushen sanannen Ubuntu wanda muka ambata a baya. An buga ginin farko na Debian fiye da shekaru 25 da suka gabata - baya cikin 1994, kuma lambar Debian ce ta kafa tushen Ubuntu. A zahiri, Debian yana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffi kuma a lokaci guda rarraba ƙarfi tsakanin dangin tsarin Linux. Duk da kamanceceniya na Ubuntu, ba kamar “majibinsa” ba, Debian bai sami matakin abokantaka na mai amfani kamar tsarin ƙarami ba. Duk da haka, wannan ma yana da amfaninsa. Debian ya fi Ubuntu sassauci kuma ana iya daidaita shi sosai kuma yana iya magance wasu takamaiman ayyuka, gami da na kamfanoni.
Babban fa'idar Debian shine mafi girman tsaro da kwanciyar hankali idan aka kwatanta da Ubuntu da, musamman, Windows. Kuma ba shakka, kamar kowane tsarin Linux, ƙarancin amfani da albarkatu, musamman ta hanyar uwar garken OS mai aiki da tasha. Bugu da ƙari, al'ummar Debian buɗaɗɗen tushe ne, don haka wannan tsarin ya fi mayar da hankali kan aiki daidai da inganci tare da mafita kyauta.
Koyaya, sassauci, hardcore da tsaro suna zuwa akan farashi. Buɗaɗɗen tushen al'umma ne ke haɓaka Debian ba tare da bayyanannen tushe ba ta hanyar tsarin masanan reshe, tare da duk abin da yake nufi. A lokaci guda a cikin lokaci, Debian yana da nau'i uku: barga, rashin kwanciyar hankali da gwaji. Matsalar ita ce tsayayyen reshen ci gaba yana da matuƙar bayan reshen gwajin, wato, sau da yawa ana iya samun tsofaffin sassa da na'urori a cikin kwaya. Duk wannan yana haifar da sake gina kernel na hannu ko ma canzawa zuwa reshen gwaji idan ayyukanku sun wuce ƙarfin ingantaccen sigar Debian. A cikin Ubuntu babu irin waɗannan matsalolin tare da ɓarnawar sigar: a can, masu haɓakawa suna fitar da ingantaccen tsarin LTS na tsarin kowace shekara biyu.
CentOS
To, bari mu gama tattaunawarmu game da tsarin aiki na uwar garken RUVDS akan CentOS. Idan aka kwatanta da mafi girman Ubuntu kuma, musamman, Debian, CentOS yayi kama da matashi. Kuma duk da cewa tsarin ya shahara a tsakanin talakawa ba da dadewa ba, kamar Debian ko Ubuntu, an sake fitar da sigarsa ta farko a daidai lokacin da Ubuntu, wato a shekarar 2004.
Ana amfani da CentOS galibi don sabobin kama-da-wane, saboda yana da ƙarancin neman albarkatu fiye da Ubuntu ko Debian. Muna jigilar saitunan da ke gudana nau'ikan wannan OS guda biyu: CentOS 7.6.1810 da tsohuwar CentOS 7.2.1510. Babban yanayin amfani shine ayyukan kamfanoni. CentOS labari ne game da aiki. Kada a taɓa tsarin amfani da gida, kamar yadda lamarin yake, misali, tare da Ubuntu, nan da nan aka haɓaka CentOS azaman rarrabawar RedHat bisa tushen lambar tushe. Gado ne daga RedHat wanda ke ba CentOS babban fa'idodinsa - mai da hankali kan magance matsalolin kamfanoni, kwanciyar hankali da tsaro. Mafi yawan yanayin da ake amfani da shi don amfani da tsarin shine masaukin yanar gizo, wanda CentOS ke nuna kyakkyawan sakamako fiye da sauran rabawa na Linux.
Duk da haka, tsarin kuma yana da yawan rashin amfani. Ƙarin taƙaitaccen ci gaba da sake zagayowar sabuntawa fiye da Ubuntu yana nufin cewa a wani lokaci za ku iya jurewa da rauni ko matsalolin da aka riga aka warware a cikin wasu rarrabawa. Tsarin sabuntawa da shigar da kayan aikin shima ya bambanta: babu apt-samun, yum da fakitin RPM kawai. Hakanan, CentOS bai dace sosai ba don ɗaukar hoto da aiki tare da mafita na kwantena Docker/k8s, wanda Ubuntu da Debian suka fi kyau a fili. Ƙarshen yana da mahimmanci kamar yadda haɓakar sabar gidan yanar gizo da aikace-aikace ta hanyar kwantena ke samun ƙarfi a cikin yanayin DevOps a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Kuma ba shakka, CentOS yana da ƙaramar al'umma idan aka kwatanta da mafi shaharar Debian da Ubuntu.
Madadin fitarwa
Kamar yadda kuke gani, kowane OS yana da ribobi da fursunoni kuma ya sami nasa alkuki. Sabar da ke tafiyar da Windows sun bambanta - yanayin Microsoft, don magana, yana da nasa yanayi da ka'idojin aiki.
Duk rarraba Linux suna kama da juna ta fuskar amfani da albarkatu, amma suna da takamaiman fasali da bambance-bambance dangane da aikin da ke hannunsu. Ubuntu ya fi sauƙi don amfani, Debian ya fi dacewa sosai. CentOS na iya aiki azaman maye gurbin RedHat da aka biya, wanda ke da mahimmanci idan kuna buƙatar cikakken OS na kamfani a cikin sigar unix. Amma a lokaci guda, yana da rauni a cikin al'amuran kwantena da aikace-aikacen haɓakawa.A kowane hali, zaku iya tuntuɓar ƙwararrun mu kuma za mu zaɓi mafita da daidaitawa don ku dangane da ayyukanku.
Masu amfani da rajista kawai za su iya shiga cikin binciken. don Allah.
Ya ku masu karatu, wace uwar garken OS kuka ɗauka mafi kyau?
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22,9%Windows uwar garken119
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32,9%Debian 171
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40,4%Ubuntu 210
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34,8%CentOS181
520 masu amfani sun kada kuri'a. Masu amfani 102 sun kaurace.
source: www.habr.com