Shin kun san cewa zaku iya gudanar da layin umarni na Linux akan na'urar iOS? Kuna iya tambaya, "Me yasa zan yi amfani da aikace-aikacen rubutu akan iPhone?" Tambaya mai adalci. Amma idan kuna karanta Opensource.com, tabbas kun san amsar: Masu amfani da Linux suna son samun damar amfani da ita akan kowace na'ura kuma suna son yin amfani da nasu saitunan.
Amma mafi yawansu suna sha'awar magance hadaddun matsaloli.
Ina da iPad 2 Mini mai shekara bakwai wanda har yanzu yana da kyau don karatun ebook da sauran ayyuka. Koyaya, Ina kuma so in yi amfani da shi don samun damar layin umarni na aikace-aikacen tare da saitin shirye-shirye da rubutuna, waɗanda ba zan iya aiki ba tare da su ba. Ina bukatan yanayin da na saba da shi, da kuma daidaitaccen yanayin ci gaba na. Kuma ga yadda na yi nasarar cimma wannan.
Haɗa zuwa madannai
Yin aiki tare da layin umarni don tsara shirye-shirye ta hanyar madannai na kan allo na waya ko kwamfutar hannu ba shi da daɗi sosai. Ina ba da shawarar haɗa maɓallin madannai na waje, ko dai ta Bluetooth ko amfani da adaftar haɗin kyamara don haɗa madanni mai waya (Na zaɓi na ƙarshe). Haɗa Kinesis Advantage raba keyboard zuwa iPhone 6 sakamakon a cikin wani m na'urar da yayi kama daga gargajiya inuwa gudu.
Shigar da harsashi a kan iOS
Don gudanar da cikakken tsarin Linux mai aiki akan iOS, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu:
- Secure harsashi (SSH) an haɗa zuwa na'urar Linux
- Gudun tsarin kama-da-wane ta amfani da Alpine Linux tare da iSH, wanda shine tushen buɗewa amma dole ne a shigar dashi ta amfani da aikace-aikacen TestFlight na Apple.
A madadin, akwai buɗaɗɗen tushe guda biyu aikace-aikacen kwaikwaiyo waɗanda ke ba da ikon yin aiki tare da kayan aikin buɗewa a cikin ƙayyadaddun yanayi. Wannan shine zaɓin da aka fi cirewa - a zahiri, wannan ba shine yadda kuke gudanar da Linux ba, amma kayan aikin Linux. Akwai iyakoki masu tsanani lokacin aiki tare da waɗannan aikace-aikacen, amma kuna samun aikin layin umarni.
Kafin ci gaba zuwa hadaddun mafita, zan yi la'akari da hanya mafi sauƙi.
Zabin 1: Shell a cikin Sandbox
Daya daga cikin mafi sauki hanyoyin ne don shigar da iOS app . Wannan Sandbox umurnin harsashi tare da goyan bayan umarni sama da 80 akan dala sifili. Ya zo tare da Python 2.7, Python 3.7, Lua, C, Clang da ƙari.
Kimanin ayyuka iri ɗaya ne , wanda masu haɓakawa suka bayyana a matsayin "gwajin mai amfani da kwamfuta don dandamali tare da shigar da allo." An buga majiyoyin Shell , yana ƙarƙashin ci gaba mai ƙarfi, yana ba da damar tsarin fayil, da jigilar kaya tare da Lua, Python, Tex, Vim, JavaScript, C da C++, da Clang da Clang++. Har ma yana ba ku damar shigar da fakitin Python tare da pip.
Zabin 2: SSH
Wani mataki da ya wuce zazzage app shine kafa abokin ciniki na SSH. Na dogon lokaci, mun sami damar yin amfani da kowane ɗayan aikace-aikacen abokin ciniki na SSH na iOS don haɗawa zuwa sabar da ke aiki da Linux ko BSD. Amfanin amfani da SSH shine cewa kowane rarraba zai iya gudana akan uwar garken tare da kowace software. Kuna aiki daga nesa kuma sakamakon aikinku ana canjawa wuri kawai zuwa ga m emulator akan na'urar ku ta iOS.
sanannen aikace-aikacen SSH ne da aka biya a ciki . Idan ba ku kula da ƙaramin allon na'urar ba, to amfani da wannan software kamar haɗawa da uwar garke ta kowane layin umarni. Tashar Blink tana da kyau, tana da jigogi da aka shirya da yawa da kuma ikon ƙirƙirar naku, gami da ikon keɓancewa da ƙara sabbin rubutu.
Zabin 3: Gudun Linux
Amfani da SSH don haɗawa zuwa uwar garken karkashin Linux babbar hanya ce don samun damar layin umarni, amma yana buƙatar sabar waje da haɗin cibiyar sadarwa. Wannan ba shine babban cikas ba, amma ba za a iya watsi da shi gaba ɗaya ba, don haka kuna iya buƙatar aiki tare da Linux ba tare da uwar garken ba.
Idan wannan shine batun ku, to kuna buƙatar ɗaukar matakin gaba ɗaya. sabis ne na mallakar mallaka don shigar da aikace-aikacen da ke ƙarƙashin haɓakawa kafin a sake su zuwa Apple App Store. Kuna iya shigar da ƙa'idar TestFlight daga Store Store sannan amfani da aikace-aikacen gwaji. Aikace-aikace a cikin TestFlight suna ba da damar iyakance adadin masu gwajin beta (yawanci har zuwa 10) don yin aiki tare da su na ɗan lokaci. Don zazzage ƙa'idar gwajin, kuna buƙatar shiga hanyar haɗin kan na'urar ku, wacce galibi ana samun ta a gidan yanar gizon masu haɓaka app ɗin.
Gudun Alpine Linux tare da iSH
aikace-aikacen TestFlight ne mai buɗewa wanda ke gudanar da injin kama-da-wane tare da shirye-shiryen rarraba (tare da ɗan ƙaramin aiki, zaku iya gudanar da sauran rarrabawa).
Mahimmin fasali: aikace-aikacen gwaji. Tun da iSH a halin yanzu aikace-aikacen gwaji ne, kar a yi tsammanin aiki mai daidaituwa da aminci. Aikace-aikacen TestFlight suna iyakance lokaci. Ginina na yanzu zai yi kwanaki 60 kawai. Wannan yana nufin cewa bayan kwanaki 60 za a kore ni kuma dole ne in sake shiga mataki na gaba na gwajin iSH. Haka kuma, Zan rasa duk fayiloli na idan ban fitar da su tare da Fayiloli akan iOS ba ko kwafe su zuwa gidan Git ko . Watau: Kada ku yi tsammanin duk zai ci gaba da aiki! Kada ku sanya wani abu mai mahimmanci a gare ku a cikin tsarin! Ajiye zuwa wani wuri daban!
Shigar iSH
Fara da shigarwa daga App Store. Sannan shigar da iSH, daga gidan yanar gizon aikace-aikacen. Akwai wata hanyar shigar ta amfani da AltStore, amma ban gwada ta ba. Ko, idan kuna da asusun haɓakawa da aka biya, zaku iya zazzage ma'ajiyar iSH daga GitHub kuma shigar da kanku.
Yin amfani da hanyar haɗin yanar gizon, TestFlight zai shigar da iSH app akan na'urarka. Kamar kowane aikace-aikacen, gunki zai bayyana akan allon.
Gudanar da Kunshin
iSH yana gudanar da x86 emulator tare da Alpine Linux. Alpine ƙaramin rabo ne wanda bai wuce 5MB girma ba. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da na yi aiki tare da Alpine, don haka ina tsammanin minimalism zai zama m, amma ina son shi sosai.
Alpine yana amfani da mai sarrafa fakiti wanda ya fi sauƙi fiye da ma dace ko pacman.
Yadda ake shigar da kunshin:
apk add packageYadda ake cire kunshin:
apk del packageYadda ake gano wasu umarni da bayanai:
apk --helpSabunta mai sarrafa fakiti:
apk update
apk upgradeShigar da editan rubutu
Daidaitaccen editan rubutu na Alpine shine Vi, amma na fi son Vim, don haka na shigar dashi:
apk add vimIdan ana so, zaku iya shigar da Nano ko Emacs.
Shell canza
Ban san ku ba, amma ina bukata . Wasu mutane sun fi so ko . Koyaya, Alpine yana amfani da toka! Ash cokali mai yatsa ne na harsashi na Dash, wanda shi kansa cokali mai yatsa ne na ainihin ash, ko . Babban fifikonta shine saurin gudu. Na yanke shawarar yin ciniki da sauri don ginanniyar cikawa ta atomatik, launuka, sarrafa maɓalli na Vim, da daidaitawa da ke nuna cewa ina ƙauna kuma na sani daga harsashi na kifi.
shigar kifi:
apk add fishIdan kuna buƙatar Bash tare da aikin atomatik da shafukan mutum, to shigar da su:
apk add bash bash-doc bash-completionKarancin akidar Alpine yawanci yana nufin cewa wasu shirye-shiryen da suke fakiti ɗaya ne akan sauran rabe-raben za a raba su zuwa ƙananan fakiti da yawa. Hakanan yana nufin zaku iya daidaitawa da rage girman tsarin kamar yadda kuke so.
Don ƙarin bayani kan shigar da Bash, duba .
Canza tsoho harsashi
Da zarar an shigar da kifi, za ku iya canzawa zuwa gare shi na ɗan lokaci ta hanyar bugawa fish da zuwa harsashi. Amma ina so in mai da kifi tsoho harsashi, da umarni chsh, wanda na yi amfani da shi a wasu rarraba, bai yi aiki ba.
Da farko, bari mu gano inda aka saka kifi:
which fishGa abin da ya faru da ni:
/usr/bin/fish
Na gaba, canza harsashin shiga zuwa kifi. Kuna iya amfani da kowane editan da kuke so. Idan kun kasance mafari, to, shigar da Nano (tare da umarnin apk add nano) ta yadda zaku iya gyara fayilolin sanyi da adana su ta hanyar CTRL + X, tabbatar da fita.
Amma na yi amfani da Vim:
vim /etc/passwdLayina na farko shine:
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/ashDon sanya kifin ya zama tsohuwar harsashi, canza wannan layin zuwa mai zuwa:
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/usr/bin/fishSannan ajiye fayil ɗin kuma fita.
Na tabbata akwai hanya mai kyau don canza hanyar harsashi ta yadda za a iya amfani da shi nan da nan. Amma ban san shi ba, don haka ina ba da shawarar komawa zuwa mai binciken aikace-aikacen, tilasta fita daga harsashi, kuma don tabbatarwa, kashe kuma sake kunna iPad ko iPhone. Bude iSH kuma yanzu, ban da saƙon "Barka da zuwa Alpine!" da bayanai game da ƙaddamarwa daga apk, za ku ga daidaitaccen saƙon maraba na shiga kifi: Maraba da kifi, harsashi mai ma'amala da abokantaka. Hooray!
Saita Python da pip
Na yanke shawarar ƙarawa (version 3.x), ba kawai don rubuta code ba, har ma saboda ina amfani da shirye-shiryen Python da yawa. Bari mu shigar da shi:
apk add python3Kodayake Python 2.x ya tsufa, kuna iya shigar da shi kuma:
apk add pythonSanya mai sarrafa fakitin Python mai suna pip da :
python3 -m ensurepip --default-pipZai ɗauki ɗan lokaci don shigarwa da daidaita mai sarrafa fakitin, don haka kawai kuyi haƙuri.
Kuna iya zazzage kayan aiki don canja wurin fayiloli akan hanyar sadarwa :
apk add curlLittafin karatu
Kifi yana amfani da ginanniyar ginawa ta atomatik dangane da shafukan mutum. Kamar sauran masu amfani da layin umarni, Ina amfani da jagorar man, kuma Alpine bai shigar dashi ba. Don haka sai na shigar da shi tare da tashar tashar tashar :
apk add man man-pages less less-docBan da mutum, ina amfani da m , wanda ke ba da sauƙaƙan shafukan mutum da al'umma ke tafiyar da su.
Na shigar da shi da pip:
pip install tldr
tawagar tldr yana haɗi zuwa gidan yanar gizo don ɗauko shafuka lokacin da ya ci karo da buƙatar sabon shafi. Idan kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake amfani da umarni, kuna iya rubuta wani abu kamar tldr curl da kuma samun bayanin a cikin harshen Ingilishi a sarari da misalai masu kyau kan yadda ake amfani da umarnin.
Tabbas, duk wannan aikin shigarwa na iya zama ta atomatik ta amfani da shi ko rubutun shigarwa, amma a zahiri wannan bai yi daidai da akidar Alpine ba - daidaita mafi ƙarancin shigarwa a sarari ga bukatun ku. Banda haka, an dauki tsawon lokaci haka, ko ba haka ba?
ƙarin bayani
ISH Wiki yana da shafi""tare da rahotanni kan waɗanne fakitin ke gudana a halin yanzu. Af, yana kama .
Wani shafin wiki yayi bayanin yadda daga iOS Files app. Wannan shine ɗayan hanyoyin da zaku iya motsawa da kwafi fayiloli.
Hakanan zaka iya shigar da Git (eh! apk add git ) kuma tura aikinku zuwa wurin ajiya mai nisa ko tura shi zuwa uwar garken ta hanyar SSH. Kuma, ba shakka, zaku iya saukewa da gudanar da kowane adadin manyan ayyukan buɗe ido daga GitHub.
Ana iya samun ƙarin bayani game da iSH a waɗannan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar:
Hakoki na Talla
Vdsina tayi ko Windows. Muna amfani ne kawai , Mafi kyawun nau'in nau'in sabar kulawar uwar garken gida da kuma ɗayan mafi kyawun cibiyoyin bayanai a Rasha da EU. Yi sauri don yin oda!
source: www.habr.com