Ana iya samun cikakkun bayanai na yadda wal-g ke aiki a cikin labarin:
Ka'idar ajiya ta S3 ta zama sananne don adana bayanai. Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin S3 shine ikon samun dama ta hanyar API, wanda ke ba ku damar tsara ma'amala mai sassauƙa tare da ma'ajiyar, gami da damar karanta jama'a, yayin sabunta bayanai a cikin ma'ajiyar yana faruwa ne kawai ta mutane masu izini.
Akwai aikace-aikacen ajiya na jama'a da masu zaman kansu da yawa waɗanda ke amfani da ka'idar S3. A yau za mu kalli sanannen bayani don tsara ƙananan ajiya - Minio.
Sabar PostgreSQL guda ɗaya tana da kyau don gwada wal-g, kuma ana amfani da Minio azaman maye gurbin S3.
Minio Server
Minio shigarwa
yum -y install yum-plugin-copr
yum copr enable -y lkiesow/minio
yum install -y minio
Shirya AccessKey da SecretKey a /etc/minio/minio.conf
vi /etc/minio/minio.conf
Idan ba za ku yi amfani da nginx kafin Minio ba, to kuna buƙatar canzawa
--address 127.0.0.1:9000
--address 0.0.0.0:9000
Ana ƙaddamar da Minio
systemctl start minio
Jeka shafin yanar gizon Minio
DB uwar garken
WAL-G a cikin rpm ni ne (Anton Patsev).
Wanda ba shi da tsarin tushen RPM, yi amfani da hukuma
Tare da binary wal-g, rpm ya ƙunshi rubutun da ke shigo da masu canji daga fayil /etc/wal-gd/server-s3.conf.
backup-fetch.sh
backup-list.sh
backup-push.sh
wal-fetch.sh
wal-g-run.sh
wal-push.sh
Shigar walg.
yum -y install yum-plugin-copr
yum copr enable -y antonpatsev/wal-g
yum install -y wal-g
Duba sigar wal-g.
wal-g --version
wal-g version v0.2.14
Shirya /etc/wal-gd/server-s3.conf zuwa bukatun ku.
Fayilolin daidaitawa da fayilolin bayanan da gungun bayanai ke amfani da su ana adana su a al'adance tare a cikin kundin bayanan tari, wanda aka fi sani da su. PGDATA
#!/bin/bash
export PG_VER="9.6"
export WALE_S3_PREFIX="s3://pg-backups" # бакет, который мы создали в S3
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="xxxx" # AccessKey из /etc/minio/minio.conf
export AWS_ENDPOINT="http://ip-адрес-сервера-minio:9000"
export AWS_S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE="true"
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="yyyy" # SecretKey из /etc/minio/minio.conf
export PGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/$PG_VER/data/
export PGHOST=/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432 # Сокет для подключения к PostgreSQL
export WALG_UPLOAD_CONCURRENCY=2 # Кол-во потоков для закачки
export WALG_DOWNLOAD_CONCURRENCY=2 # Кол-во потоков для скачивания
export WALG_UPLOAD_DISK_CONCURRENCY=2 # Кол-во потоков на диске для закачки
export WALG_DELTA_MAX_STEPS=7
export WALG_COMPRESSION_METHOD=brotli # Какой метод сжатия использовать.
Lokacin saita WAL-G, kuna saka WALG_DELTA_MAX_STEPS - adadin matakan da majinin delta ya fi girma daga maajiyar tushe, sa'annan ku saka tsarin kwafin delta. Ko dai kayi kwafi daga delta na ƙarshe, ko kuma ka yi delta daga ainihin cikakken madadin. Wannan yana da mahimmanci idan yanayin ɓangaren ma'auni ɗaya yana canzawa koyaushe a cikin bayananku, bayanai iri ɗaya suna canzawa koyaushe.
Shigar da bayanai.
yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.
noarch.rpm
yum install -y postgresql96 postgresql96-server mc
Mun fara da database.
/usr/pgsql-9.6/bin/postgresql96-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OK
Idan kuna gwadawa akan uwar garken 1, to kuna buƙatar sake saita ma'aunin wal_level don adanawa don PostgreSQL ƙasa da sigar 10, da kwafi don nau'in PostgreSQL 10 da sama.
wal_level = archive
Bari mu adana bayanan WAL kowane daƙiƙa 60 ta amfani da PostgreSQL kanta. A kan samfur, za ku sami wani darajar archive_timeout daban.
archive_mode = on
archive_command = '/usr/local/bin/wal-push.sh %p'
archive_timeout = 60 # Каждые 60 секунд будет выполнятся команда archive_command.
Fara PostgreSQL
systemctl start postgresql-9.6
A cikin na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, muna duba rajistan ayyukan PostgreSQL don kurakurai: (canza postgresql-Wed.log zuwa na yanzu).
tail -fn100 /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_log/postgresql-Wed.log
Mu je psql.
su - postgres
psql
Ƙirƙiri bayanan bayanai a cikin psql
Ƙirƙiri tebur a cikin gwajin bayanai1.
create database test1;
Canja zuwa gwajin bayanai.
postgres=# c test1;
Muna ƙirƙirar tebur indexing_table.
test1=# CREATE TABLE indexing_table(created_at TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE DEFAULT NOW());
Ƙara bayanai.
Mun fara saka bayanai. Muna jiran minti 10-20.
#!/bin/bash
# postgres
while true; do
psql -U postgres -d test1 -c "INSERT INTO indexing_table(created_at) VALUES (CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);"
sleep 60;
done
Tabbatar yin cikakken madadin.
su - postgres
/usr/local/bin/backup-push.sh
Muna duba bayanan da ke cikin tebur a cikin gwajin bayanai1
select * from indexing_table;
2020-01-29 09:41:25.226198+
2020-01-29 09:42:25.336989+
2020-01-29 09:43:25.356069+
2020-01-29 09:44:25.37381+
2020-01-29 09:45:25.392944+
2020-01-29 09:46:25.412327+
2020-01-29 09:47:25.432564+
2020-01-29 09:48:25.451985+
2020-01-29 09:49:25.472653+
2020-01-29 09:50:25.491974+
2020-01-29 09:51:25.510178+
Kirtani shine lokacin yanzu.
Dubi jerin cikakkun bayanai
/usr/local/bin/backup-list.sh
Gwajin farfadowa
Cikakken farfadowa tare da mirgina duk WAL akwai.
Dakatar da Postgresql.
Share komai daga babban fayil /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data.
Gudanar da rubutun /usr/local/bin/backup-fetch.sh azaman mai amfani da postgres.
su - postgres
/usr/local/bin/backup-fetch.sh
Cirar Ajiyayyen cikakke.
Ƙara recovery.conf zuwa /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data babban fayil tare da abun ciki mai zuwa.
restore_command = '/usr/local/bin/wal-fetch.sh "%f" "%p"'
Mun fara PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL zai fara aikin dawowa daga WALs da aka adana, sannan kawai za a buɗe ma'ajin bayanai.
systemctl start postgresql-9.6
tail -fn100 /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_log/postgresql-Wed.log
Farfadowa na wani lokaci.
Idan muna son dawo da bayanan har zuwa wani ɗan lokaci, to muna ƙara ma'aunin recovery_target_time zuwa recovery.conf - mun nuna a wane lokaci don dawo da bayanan.
restore_command = '/usr/local/bin/wal-fetch.sh "%f" "%p"'
recovery_target_time = '2020-01-29 09:46:25'
Bayan murmurewa, duba tebur indexing_table
2020-01-29 09:41:25.226198+00
2020-01-29 09:42:25.336989+00
2020-01-29 09:43:25.356069+00
2020-01-29 09:44:25.37381+00
2020-01-29 09:45:25.392944+00
Mun fara PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL zai fara aikin dawowa daga WALs da aka adana, sannan kawai za a buɗe ma'ajin bayanai.
systemctl start postgresql-9.6
tail -fn100 /var/lib/pgsql/9.6/data/pg_log/postgresql-Wed.log
Gwaji
Samar da bayanan 1GB kamar yadda aka bayyana anan
Neman girman guga bayan samar da 1GB na bayanai.
postgres=# SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size('test1'));
pg_size_pretty
----------------
1003 MB
s4cmd kayan aiki ne na layin umarni kyauta don aiki tare da bayanan da ke zaune a cikin ajiyar Amazon S3. An rubuta mai amfani a cikin yaren shirye-shiryen Python, kuma saboda wannan ana iya amfani da shi a duka Windows da Linux Tsarukan aiki.
Shigar da s4cmd
pip install s4cmd
LZ4
s4cmd --endpoint-url=http://ip-адрес-сервера-minio:9000 --access-key=xxxx --secret-key=yyyy du -r s3://pg-backups
840540822 s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
840 МБ в формате lz4 только WAL логов
Полный бекап с lz4 - 1GB данных
time backup_push.sh
real 0m18.582s
Размер S3 бакета после полного бекапа
581480085 s3://pg-backups/basebackups_005/
842374424 s3://pg-backups/wal_005
581 МБ занимает полный бекап
LZMA
После генерации 1ГБ данных
338413694 s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
338 мб логов в формате lzma
Время генерации полного бекапа
time backup_push.sh
real 5m25.054s
Размер бакета в S3
270310495 s3://pg-backups/basebackups_005/
433485092 s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
270 мб занимает полный бекап в формате lzma
Brotli
После генерации 1ГБ данных
459229886 s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
459 мб логов в формате brotli
Время генерации полного бекапа
real 0m23.408s
Размер бакета в S3
312960942 s3://pg-backups/basebackups_005/
459309262 s3://pg-backups/wal_005/
312 мб занимает полный бекап в формате brotli
Kwatanta sakamako akan ginshiƙi.
Kamar yadda kake gani, Brotli yana kama da girmansa zuwa LZMA, amma ana yin ajiyar ajiyar a cikin lokacin LZ4.
Taɗi na al'ummar PostgreSQL masu magana da Rashanci:
Da fatan za a ba Github tauraro idan kuna amfani
source: www.habr.com