A takaice, zan ba da shawarar karanta litattafai da yawa waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da ilimin kwamfuta.
Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci inda manufar "kimiyya" ta kasance a cikin "Kimiyyar Kwamfuta", da kuma abin da "injiniya" ke nufi a cikin "Injiniya Software".
Za a iya tsara manufar zamani na "kimiyya" kamar haka: ƙoƙari ne na fassara al'amura zuwa samfuri waɗanda za a iya bayyana ko žasa cikin sauƙi da annabta. A kan wannan batu za ka iya karanta "Kimiyoyi na Artificial" (daya daga cikin muhimman littattafan Herbert Simon). Kuna iya kallon ta ta wannan hanyar: idan mutane (musamman masu haɓakawa) sun gina gadoji, to masana kimiyya na iya bayyana waɗannan abubuwan ta hanyar ƙirƙirar samfura. Abu mai ban sha'awa game da wannan shi ne cewa kusan koyaushe kimiyya za ta sami sabbin hanyoyi masu kyau don gina gadoji, don haka abota tsakanin masana kimiyya da masu haɓakawa na iya inganta sosai kowace shekara.
Misalan wannan daga Sphere Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta Shin John McCarthy yana tunanin kwamfutoci a ƙarshen 50s, wato, babban abin mamakin abin da za su iya yi (AI watakila?), da ƙirƙirar ƙirar ƙira wanda harshe ne, kuma yana iya aiki a matsayin harshensa na ƙarfe ( Lisp). Littafin da na fi so akan wannan batu shine Lisp 1.5 Manual daga MIT Press (na McCarthy et al.). Kashi na farko na wannan littafi ya kasance sanannen yadda ake tunani gabaɗaya da kuma fasahar sadarwa musamman.
(Littafin "Smalltalk: harshen da aiwatarwa" daga baya an buga shi, wanda marubutan (Adele Goldberg da Dave Robson) suka yi wahayi zuwa ga duk wannan. Har ila yau, ya ƙunshi cikakken bayani game da aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, wanda aka rubuta a cikin littafin. Harshen Smalltalk kanta, da sauransu).
Ina son littafin "The Art of the Metaobject Protocol" na Kickzales, Bobrow da Rivera, wanda aka buga har ma daga baya fiye da na baya. Yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan littattafan da za a iya kiransa "mahimman kimiyyar kwamfuta." Kashi na farko yana da kyau musamman.
Wani aikin kimiyya daga 1970 wanda za a iya la'akari da shi mai tsanani Kimiyyan na'urar kwamfuta - "Harshen Ma'anar Harshe" na Dave Fisher (Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon).
Littafin da na fi so a kan computing na iya zama da nisa daga shi filin, amma yana da kyau kuma jin daɗin karanta: Huraiya da injin Marvia Minsky (Circa 1967). Kawai littafi mai ban mamaki.
Idan kuna buƙatar taimako tare da "kimiyya", yawanci ina ba da shawarar littattafai iri-iri: Newton's Principia (littafin kimiyya da aka kafa da takaddar kafa), Bruce Alberts 'The Molecular Biology of the Cell, da dai sauransu. Ko, alal misali, littafin tare da Maxwell's bayanin kula, da sauransu.
Kuna buƙatar gane cewa "Kimiyyar Kwamfuta" har yanzu buri ne na cimmawa, ba wani abu da aka cimma ba.
"Injiniya" na nufin "tsara da gina abubuwa bisa ka'ida, gwaninta." Matsayin da ake buƙata na wannan fasaha yana da girma sosai ga duk fannoni: farar hula, injiniyoyi, lantarki, ilimin halitta, da dai sauransu. Ci gaba.
Ya kamata a yi nazarin wannan fannin a hankali don fahimtar ainihin abin da ake nufi da shiga cikin "injiniya."
Idan kuna buƙatar taimako tare da "injiniya", gwada karanta game da ƙirƙira , , da sauransu. Ina son littafin Yanzu Ana Iya Fadawa, wanda Manjo Janar Leslie Groves ya rubuta (wani memba mai daraja na Manhattan Project). Shi injiniya ne, kuma wannan labarin ba lallai ba ne game da aikin Los Alamos POV (wanda shi ma ya jagoranci), amma game da Oak Ridge, Hanford, da dai sauransu, da kuma shigar da ban mamaki na mutane sama da 600 da kuma kuɗi mai yawa don yin aikin. zane mai mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar kayan da ake bukata.
Har ila yau, yi tunani game da wane fanni ne babu wani ɓangare na "injiniya software" a ciki - kuma, kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa "injin injiniya" a kowace ma'anar "injiniya" a mafi kyawun ya kasance burin cimmawa, ba nasara ba.
Kwamfuta kuma wani nau'i ne na "kafofin watsa labaru" da "masu shiga tsakani", don haka muna bukatar mu fahimci abin da suke yi mana da kuma yadda suke rinjayar mu. Karanta Marshall McLuhan, Neil Postman, Innis, Havelock, da sauransu. Mark Miller (sharhin da ke ƙasa) kawai ya tunatar da ni in ba da shawarar littafin Technics and Human Development, Vol. 1 daga jerin "The Myth of the Machine" na Lewis Mumford, babban mai gabatar da ra'ayoyin kafofin watsa labaru da kuma muhimmin al'amari na ilimin halin ɗan adam.
Yana da wahala a gare ni in ba da shawarar ingantaccen littafi kan ilimin ɗan adam (wataƙila wani zai iya), amma fahimtar mutane a matsayin rayayyun halittu shine mafi mahimmancin fannin ilimi kuma yakamata a yi nazari sosai. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin maganganun da ke ƙasa, Matt Gabourey ya ba da shawarar Human Universals (Ina tsammanin yana nufin littafin Donald Brown). Wannan littafi tabbas yana buƙatar karantawa da fahimtarsa - ba a kan faifai ɗaya ba da littattafai game da takamaiman fage kamar Halittar Halittar Halitta.
Ina son littattafan Bayanin Hange na Edward Tufte: karanta su duka.
Littattafan Bertrand Russell har yanzu suna da amfani sosai, idan kawai don tunani mai zurfi game da “wannan da wancan” (A History of Western Philosophy har yanzu yana da ban mamaki).
Ra'ayoyi da yawa ita ce hanya ɗaya tilo don yaƙar sha'awar ɗan adam ta gaskata da ƙirƙirar addinai, wanda shine dalilin da yasa littafin tarihin da na fi so shi ne Ƙaddara ta rushe ta Tamim Ansari. Ya girma a Afganistan, ya koma Amurka yana dan shekara 16, kuma ya iya rubuta bayyanannen tarihin duniya mai fadakarwa tun zamanin Muhammad daga mahangar duniyar nan ba tare da kiraye-kirayen gaskatawa ba.
* POV (yaduwa na bambance-bambance) - yada sabani a cikin shaida (kimanin.)
An gudanar da fassarar tare da tallafin kamfani wanda ke sana'a kazalika .
source: www.habr.com