Ci gaba da jigon , bari mu kalli matsalar ƙirar ƙira ta ɗayan ɓangaren. Bayan mun tabbata cewa samfurin ya dace da gaskiyar rayuwa ta homespun, zamu iya amsa babbar tambaya: "menene, daidai, muna da shi a nan?" Lokacin ƙirƙirar samfurin kayan fasaha, yawanci muna son tabbatar da cewa wannan abu zai cika tsammaninmu. Don wannan dalili, ana aiwatar da ƙididdige ƙididdiga masu ƙarfi na matakai kuma ana kwatanta sakamakon tare da buƙatun. Wannan tagwayen dijital ne, samfurin kama-da-wane, da sauransu. gaye kananan guys wanda, a zane mataki, magance matsalar yadda za a tabbatar da cewa mun sami abin da muka shirya.
Ta yaya za mu hanzarta tabbatar da cewa tsarinmu daidai yake da abin da muka tsara, shin ƙirarmu za ta tashi ko ta sha ruwa? Kuma idan ya tashi, yaya girma? Idan kuma yana iyo, yaya zurfin?
Wannan labarin ya tattauna aikin sarrafa kansa na tabbatar da yarda da buƙatun ginin fasaha lokacin ƙirƙirar samfura masu ƙarfi na tsarin fasaha. A matsayin misali, bari mu kalli wani yanki na ƙayyadaddun fasaha don tsarin sanyaya iska na jirgin sama.
Muna la'akari da waɗannan buƙatun waɗanda za'a iya bayyana su ta lambobi da kuma tabbatar da su ta hanyar lissafi bisa ƙayyadaddun ƙirar ƙididdiga. A bayyane yake cewa wannan wani ɓangare ne kawai na buƙatun gabaɗaya don kowane tsarin fasaha, amma akan bincika su ne muke kashe lokaci, jijiyoyi da kuɗi akan ƙirƙirar samfuran abubuwa masu ƙarfi.
Lokacin da aka kwatanta buƙatun fasaha a cikin nau'i na takarda, ana iya bambanta nau'ikan buƙatu daban-daban, kowannensu yana buƙatar hanyoyi daban-daban don ƙirƙirar tabbatarwa ta atomatik na cika buƙatun.
Misali, la'akari da wannan ƙaramar saitin buƙatu na gaske:
- Yanayin iska mai zafi a ƙofar tsarin kula da ruwa:
a cikin filin ajiye motoci - daga debe 35 zuwa 35 ºС,
a cikin jirgin - daga debe 35 zuwa 39 ºС. - A tsaye matsa lamba na yanayi a cikin jirgin daga 700 zuwa 1013 GPa (daga 526 zuwa 760 mm Hg).
- Jimlar matsa lamba na iska a ƙofar SVO iska a cikin jirgin daga 754 zuwa 1200 GPa (daga 566 zuwa 1050 mm Hg).
- Yanayin sanyi mai sanyi:
a cikin filin ajiye motoci - ba fiye da 27 ºС, don tubalan fasaha - ba fiye da 29 ºC ba,
a cikin jirgin - ba fiye da 25 ºС, don tubalan fasaha - ba fiye da 27ºC ba. - Sanyaya iska:
lokacin fakin - aƙalla 708 kg / h,
a cikin jirgin - ba kasa da 660 kg / h. - Yanayin iska a cikin sassan kayan aiki bai wuce 60ºC ba.
- Adadin danshi mai kyauta a cikin iska mai sanyaya bai wuce 2 g/kg na busasshiyar iska ba.
Ko da a cikin wannan ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun buƙatun, akwai aƙalla nau'i biyu waɗanda ke buƙatar sarrafa daban-daban a cikin tsarin:
- buƙatun don yanayin aiki na tsarin (shafi na 1-3);
- Abubuwan da ake buƙata don tsarin (shafi na 3-7).
Bukatun yanayin aiki na tsarin
Yanayin waje na tsarin da ake haɓakawa yayin ƙirar za'a iya bayyana shi azaman yanayin iyaka ko sakamakon aiki na tsarin gaba ɗaya.
A cikin siminti mai ƙarfi, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa ƙayyadaddun yanayin aiki yana rufe tsarin simintin.
Bukatun tsarin daidaitawa
Waɗannan buƙatun su ne sigogi waɗanda tsarin da kansa ya bayar. Yayin aiwatar da ƙirar ƙira, za mu iya samun waɗannan sigogi azaman sakamakon lissafin kuma tabbatar da cewa an cika buƙatun a cikin kowane takamaiman ƙididdiga.
Bukatun ganowa da coding
Don sauƙin aiki tare da buƙatu, ƙa'idodin da ke akwai suna ba da shawarar sanya mai ganowa ga kowane buƙatu. Lokacin sanya masu ganowa, yana da matuƙar kyawawa a yi amfani da tsarin ƙididdigewa ɗaya.
Lambar da ake buƙata na iya zama lamba kawai da ke wakiltar lambar tsari na abin da ake buƙata, ko kuma tana iya ƙunsar lambar don nau'in buƙatu, lambar tsarin ko naúrar da ake amfani da ita, lambar sigar, lambar wuri, da kuma wani abu da injiniyan zai iya tunanin. (duba labarin don amfani da ɓoyewa)
Table 1 yana ba da misali mai sauƙi na buƙatun coding.
- lambar tushen buƙatun R-bukatun TK;
- nau'in lambar buƙatun E - buƙatun - sigogin muhalli, ko yanayin aiki
S - bukatun da tsarin ke bayarwa; - lambar matsayin jirgin sama 0 - kowane, G - fakin, F - a cikin jirgi;
- lambar nau'in siga ta jiki T - zazzabi, P - matsa lamba, G - ƙimar kwarara, zafi H;
- serial number na abin da ake bukata.
| ID bukatun |
Description | Alamar |
| REGT01 | Yanayin zafin jiki na yanayi a ƙofar zuwa tsarin sanyaya ruwa: a cikin filin ajiye motoci - daga debe 35ºC. har zuwa 35ºC. | |
| REFT01 | Yanayin iska mai zafi a ƙofar tsarin tsaro na iska: a cikin jirgin - daga debe 35 ºС zuwa 39 ºС. | |
| REFP01 | Tsayayyen yanayin iska a cikin jirgin yana daga 700 zuwa 1013 hPa (daga 526 zuwa 760 mm Hg). | |
| REFP02 | Jimlar matsa lamba a ƙofar SVO iska a cikin jirgin daga 754 zuwa 1200 hPa (daga 566 zuwa 1050 mm Hg). | |
| Farashin RSGT01 | Yanayin zafin jiki mai sanyaya: lokacin da aka yi fakin bai wuce 27ºC ba | |
| Farashin RSGT02 | Yanayin sanyi mai sanyi: a cikin filin ajiye motoci, don raka'a na fasaha ba fiye da 29 ºС | |
| Saukewa: RSFT01 | Yanayin sanyi mai sanyi a cikin jirgin sama bai wuce 25ºC ba | |
| Saukewa: RSFT02 | Yanayin zafin jiki mai sanyaya: a cikin jirgin, don raka'a na fasaha ba fiye da 27 ºС | |
| Farashin RSGG01 | Sanyaya iska kwarara: lokacin da fakin ba kasa da 708 kg / h | |
| Saukewa: RSFG01 | Sanyaya iska: a cikin jirgin ba kasa da 660 kg / h | |
| Saukewa: RS0T01 | Yanayin iska a cikin sassan kayan aiki bai wuce 60ºC ba | |
| Saukewa: RSH01 | Adadin danshi mai kyauta a cikin iska mai sanyaya bai wuce 2 g/kg na busasshiyar iska ba |
Ƙirar tsarin tabbatar da buƙatun.
Ga kowane buƙatun ƙira akwai algorithm don tantance ma'anar ma'aunin ƙira da sigogi da aka ƙayyade a cikin buƙatun. Gabaɗaya, kowane tsarin sarrafawa koyaushe yana ƙunshe da algorithms don bincika buƙatun kawai ta tsohuwa. Kuma ko da wani mai kula da su ya ƙunshi su. Idan zafin jiki ya fita waje da iyaka, kwandishan yana kunna. Don haka, matakin farko na kowace ƙa'ida shine bincika ko sigogi sun cika buƙatun.
Kuma tun da tabbatarwa algorithm ne, to muna iya amfani da kayan aiki iri ɗaya da kayan aikin da muke amfani da su don ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen sarrafawa. Misali, yanayin SimInTech yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar fakitin ayyukan da ke ɗauke da sassa daban-daban na ƙirar, waɗanda aka aiwatar a cikin nau'ikan ayyuka daban-daban (samfurin abu, ƙirar tsarin sarrafawa, ƙirar yanayi, da sauransu).
Ayyukan tabbatar da buƙatun a cikin wannan yanayin ya zama aikin algorithm iri ɗaya kuma an haɗa shi da kunshin samfurin. Kuma a cikin yanayin ƙirar ƙira mai ƙarfi yana yin bincike don biyan buƙatun ƙayyadaddun fasaha.
Ana nuna misali mai yuwuwar ƙirar tsarin a cikin Hoto 1.
Hoto 1. Misalin ƙira na aikin tabbatarwa.
Kamar dai don sarrafa algorithms, ana iya zana buƙatun azaman saitin zanen gado. Don dacewa da aiki tare da algorithms a cikin yanayin ƙirar ƙirar tsari kamar SimInTech, Simulink, AmeSim, ana amfani da ikon ƙirƙirar matakan matakai da yawa a cikin nau'ikan ƙirar ƙira. Wannan ƙungiyar ta ba da damar haɗar buƙatu daban-daban zuwa saiti don sauƙaƙe aiki tare da tsararrun buƙatu, kamar yadda ake yi don sarrafa algorithms (duba siffa 2).
Hoto 2. Tsarin tsari na ƙirar tabbatar da buƙatun.
Alal misali, a cikin yanayin da ake la'akari, an bambanta ƙungiyoyi biyu: buƙatun yanayi da bukatun kai tsaye ga tsarin. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da tsarin bayanan matakai biyu: ƙungiyoyi biyu, kowannensu ganye ne na algorithm.
Don haɗa bayanai zuwa samfurin, ana amfani da daidaitaccen tsari don samar da bayanan sigina, wanda ke adana bayanai don musayar tsakanin sassan aikin.
Lokacin ƙirƙira da gwada software, ana sanya karatun na'urori masu auna firikwensin (analogs of the real system sensors) waɗanda tsarin sarrafawa ke amfani da su a cikin wannan bayanan.
Don aikin gwaji, kowane sigogi da aka ƙididdige su a cikin ƙirar mai ƙarfi za a iya adana su a cikin rumbun adana bayanai iri ɗaya don haka a yi amfani da su don bincika ko an cika buƙatun.
A wannan yanayin, ƙirar mai ƙarfi kanta za a iya aiwatar da ita a cikin kowane tsarin ƙirar lissafi ko ma a cikin tsarin aiwatarwa. Abinda kawai ake buƙata shine kasancewar mu'amalar software don ba da bayanan ƙirar ƙira zuwa yanayin waje.
Hoto 3. Haɗa aikin tabbatarwa zuwa ƙirar ƙira.
An gabatar da misalin takardar tabbatar da buƙatu na asali a cikin Hoto 4. Daga ra'ayi na mai haɓakawa, ƙirar ƙididdiga ce ta al'ada wacce aka gabatar da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun tabbatarwa ta hanyar hoto.
Hoto 4. Takardun bincike na buƙatun.
An kwatanta manyan sassan takardar rajistan a cikin Hoto na 5. An tsara tsarin bincike daidai da zane-zane na tsarin sarrafawa. A gefen dama akwai shinge don karanta sakonni daga ma'ajin bayanai. Wannan toshe yana shiga cikin bayanan sigina yayin kwaikwayo.
Ana nazarin siginonin da aka karɓa don ƙididdige yanayin tabbatar da buƙatu. A wannan yanayin, ana yin nazarin tsayin daka don sanin matsayin jirgin (ko yana fakin ne ko a cikin jirgin). Don wannan dalili, zaka iya amfani da wasu sigina da ƙididdiga masu ƙididdiga na samfurin.
Ana canza yanayin tabbatarwa da sigogin da ake dubawa zuwa daidaitattun tubalan tabbatarwa, wanda a ciki ake nazarin waɗannan sigogi don biyan ƙayyadaddun buƙatun. Ana yin rikodin sakamakon a cikin bayanan siginar ta yadda za a iya amfani da su don samar da jerin abubuwan ta atomatik.
Hoto 5. Tsarin takaddun ƙididdiga masu tabbatar da buƙatun.
Ma'aunin da za a gwada ba lallai ba ne su yi amfani da sigina da ke ƙunshe a cikin ma'ajin bayanai, waɗanda ake sarrafa su ta sigogin da aka lissafta yayin aikin simintin. Babu wani abu da zai hana mu aiwatar da ƙarin ƙididdiga a cikin tsarin daftarin buƙatun, kamar yadda muke ƙididdige yanayin tabbatarwa.
Misali, wannan bukata:
Adadin kunna tsarin gyaran gyare-gyare a lokacin jirgin zuwa manufa bai kamata ya wuce 5 ba, kuma jimlar lokacin aiki na tsarin gyara bai kamata ya wuce 30 seconds ba.
A wannan yanayin, algorithm don ƙididdige adadin farawa da jimlar lokacin aiki an ƙara zuwa zane na buƙatun.
Katange tabbacin buƙatu na yau da kullun.
An ƙirƙiri kowane daidaitaccen akwatin rajistan buƙatun don ƙididdige cikar buƙatu na wani nau'i. Misali, buƙatun muhalli sun haɗa da kewayon yanayin yanayin aiki lokacin fakin da cikin jirgin. Wannan toshe dole ne ya karɓi zafin iska a cikin ƙirar azaman siga kuma tantance ko wannan sigar ta ƙunshi kewayon zafin da aka ƙayyade./p>
Toshe yana ƙunshe da tashoshin shigarwa guda biyu, param da yanayi.
Ana ciyar da na farko tare da duba siga. A wannan yanayin, "Zazzabi na waje".
Ana ba da canjin Boolean zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa ta biyu - yanayin yin rajistan.
Idan GASKIYA (1) aka karɓa a shigarwa na biyu, toshe yana aiwatar da lissafin tabbatar da buƙatu.
Idan shigarwar ta biyu ta karɓi KARYA (0), to ba a cika sharuddan gwajin ba. Wannan wajibi ne don a iya la'akari da yanayin lissafin. A cikin yanayinmu, ana amfani da wannan shigarwar don kunna ko kashe rajistan ya danganta da yanayin ƙirar. Idan jirgin yana kan ƙasa a lokacin simintin, to, ba a duba abubuwan da suka shafi jirgin sama ba, kuma akasin haka - idan jirgin yana cikin jirgin, to, ba a duba abubuwan da suka shafi aiki a tsaye ba.
Hakanan za'a iya amfani da wannan shigarwar yayin saita ƙirar, misali a farkon matakin ƙididdiga. Lokacin da aka kawo samfurin a cikin yanayin da ake buƙata, wuraren rajistan suna kashewa, amma da zarar tsarin ya isa yanayin aiki da ake buƙata, ana kunna tubalan rajistan.
Ma'auni na wannan toshe sune:
- yanayin iyaka: babba (UpLimit) da ƙananan (DownLimit) iyakokin kewayon waɗanda dole ne a bincika;
- lokacin bayyanar tsarin da ake buƙata a kewayon iyaka (TimeInterval) a cikin daƙiƙa;
- Neman ID Req Name;
- Halaccin wuce kewayon Out_range madaidaicin Boolean ne wanda ke ƙayyade ko ƙimar da ta wuce kewayon da aka bincika ta saba wa buƙatu.
A wasu lokuta, fitowar ƙimar gwajin yana nuna cewa tsarin yana da ɗan gefe kuma yana iya yin aiki a waje da kewayon aikinsa. A wasu lokuta, fitarwa yana nufin cewa tsarin ba zai iya kiyaye saiti a cikin kewayo ba.
Hoto 6. Ƙididdiga na yau da kullun na duba kadara a cikin zane da sigoginsa.
A sakamakon lissafin wannan toshe, an samar da Result variable a wurin fitarwa, wanda ke ɗaukar dabi'u kamar haka:
- 0 - rNone, ƙimar da ba a bayyana ba;
- 1 – rDone, an cika buƙatun;
- 2 - rFault, ba a cika buƙatun ba.
Hoton toshewar ya ƙunshi:
- rubutu mai ganowa;
- nunin dijital na ma'aunin ma'auni;
- mai gano launi na matsayi.
A cikin katangar za a iya samun da'irar ma'ana mai rikitarwa.
Misali, don duba kewayon zafin aiki na naúrar da aka nuna a hoto na 6, ana nuna da'irar cikin gida a hoto na 7.
Hoto 7. Zane na ciki na naúrar tantance kewayon zafin jiki.
A cikin shingen kewayawa, ana amfani da kaddarorin da aka ƙayyade a cikin sigogin toshe.
Baya ga nazarin yarda da buƙatun, zane na ciki na toshe yana ƙunshe da jadawali don nuna sakamakon kwaikwayo. Ana iya amfani da wannan jadawali duka don dubawa yayin ƙididdigewa da kuma nazarin sakamakon bayan ƙididdigewa.
Ana watsa sakamakon lissafin zuwa fitarwa na toshe kuma ana yin rikodin lokaci guda a cikin babban fayil ɗin rahoto, wanda aka ƙirƙira bisa sakamakon sakamakon gabaɗayan aikin. (duba hoto na 8)
Misalin rahoton da aka ƙirƙira dangane da sakamakon simintin shine fayil ɗin html da aka ƙirƙira bisa ga sigar da aka bayar. Za a iya daidaita tsarin ba da gangan ba zuwa tsarin da wata ƙungiya ta yarda da shi.
A cikin shingen kewayawa, ana amfani da kaddarorin da aka ƙayyade a cikin sigogin toshe.
Baya ga nazarin yarda da buƙatun, zane na ciki na toshe yana ƙunshe da jadawali don nuna sakamakon kwaikwayo. Ana iya amfani da wannan jadawali duka don dubawa yayin ƙididdigewa da kuma nazarin sakamakon bayan ƙididdigewa.
Ana watsa sakamakon lissafin zuwa fitarwa na toshe kuma ana yin rikodin lokaci guda a cikin babban fayil ɗin rahoto, wanda aka ƙirƙira bisa sakamakon sakamakon gabaɗayan aikin. (duba hoto na 8)
Misalin rahoton da aka ƙirƙira dangane da sakamakon simintin shine fayil ɗin html da aka ƙirƙira bisa ga sigar da aka bayar. Za a iya daidaita tsarin ba da gangan ba zuwa tsarin da wata ƙungiya ta yarda da shi.
Hoto 8. Misalin fayil ɗin rahoto dangane da sakamakon kwaikwayo.
A cikin wannan misali, an saita fam ɗin rahoton kai tsaye a cikin kayan aikin, kuma an saita tsarin da ke cikin tebur azaman siginar ayyukan duniya. A wannan yanayin, SimInTech kanta tana magance matsalar kafa rahoton, kuma toshe don rubuta sakamako zuwa fayil yana amfani da waɗannan layin don rubutawa fayil ɗin rahoton.
Hoto 9. Sanya tsarin rahoto a cikin siginar ayyukan duniya
Amfani da bayanan sigina don buƙatu.
Don yin aiki da kai da kai tare da saitunan kadara, ana ƙirƙiri daidaitaccen tsari a cikin bayanan siginar don kowane toshe na yau da kullun. (duba hoto na 10)
Hoto 10. Misalin tsarin tsarin buƙatun buƙatu a cikin bayanan sigina.
Database na sigina yana ba da:
- Adana duk sigogin buƙatun tsarin da ake buƙata.
- Dubawa mai dacewa na buƙatun aikin da ake da su daga ƙayyadaddun sigogi da sakamakon ƙirar ƙira na yanzu.
- Kafa toshe ɗaya ko rukuni na tubalan ta amfani da yaren shirye-shiryen rubutu. Canje-canje a cikin bayanan siginar yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin toshe ƙimar dukiya a cikin zane.
- Adana bayanin rubutu, hanyoyin haɗi zuwa abubuwan ƙayyadaddun fasaha ko masu ganowa a cikin tsarin sarrafa buƙatu.
Ana iya daidaita tsarin bayanan sigina don buƙatu cikin sauƙi don yin aiki tare da tsarin gudanarwar buƙatun ɓangare na uku.An gabatar da babban zane na hulɗa tare da tsarin sarrafa buƙatu a cikin hoto na 11.
Hoto 11. Tsarin hulɗa tare da tsarin gudanarwa na buƙatu.
Jerin hulɗa tsakanin aikin gwajin SimInTech da tsarin kula da buƙatu shine kamar haka:
- An rarraba sharuddan ƙididdiga zuwa buƙatu.
- An gano buƙatun ƙayyadaddun fasaha waɗanda za a iya tabbatar da su ta hanyar ƙirar lissafi na hanyoyin fasaha.
- Ana canza halayen buƙatun da aka zaɓa zuwa bayanan siginar SimInTech a cikin tsarin daidaitattun tubalan (misali, matsakaicin da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki).
- A yayin aiwatar da lissafin, ana canja wurin bayanan tsarin zuwa toshe zane-zanen ƙira, ana yin bincike kuma ana adana sakamakon a cikin bayanan siginar.
- Da zarar lissafin ya cika, ana canza sakamakon bincike zuwa tsarin gudanarwa na bukatun.
Ana iya maimaita matakan buƙatun matakai na 3 zuwa 5 yayin aikin ƙira lokacin da canje-canje ga ƙira da/ko buƙatu suka faru kuma ana buƙatar sake gwada tasirin canje-canje.
Ƙarshe.
- Samfurin da aka ƙirƙira na tsarin yana ba da raguwa mai yawa a lokacin nazarin samfuran da ke akwai don biyan buƙatun ƙayyadaddun fasaha.
- Fasahar gwaji da aka gabatar tana amfani da ƙirar ƙira masu ƙarfi da ke akwai kuma ana iya amfani da su ko da ga kowane ƙira mai ƙarfi, gami da waɗanda ba a yi su a cikin yanayin SimInTech ba.
- Yin amfani da ƙungiyar bayanan batch yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar fakitin tabbatar da buƙatu a layi daya tare da haɓaka ƙirar ƙira, ko ma amfani da waɗannan fakiti azaman ƙayyadaddun fasaha don haɓaka ƙirar ƙira.
- Ana iya haɗa fasahar tare da tsarin sarrafa buƙatun da ake buƙata ba tare da tsada mai tsada ba.
Ga wadanda suka karanta har karshe,
source: www.habr.com