BLAKE3 aikin hash cryptographic yana samuwa, wanda shine sau 10 cikin sauri fiye da SHA-2

An buga aikin ƙarshe na algorithm LAFIYA3, wanda ke ba da aikin hash na sirri wanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikace kamar bincika amincin fayil, tantance saƙo, da samar da bayanai don sa hannun dijital. BLAKE3 ba a yi niyya don hashing kalmomin shiga ba (don kalmomin sirri kuna buƙatar amfani da yescrypt, bcrypt, scrypt ko Argon2), saboda ana nufin ƙididdige hashes da sauri tare da garantin rashin karo, kariya daga gano samfurin kuma baya kula da girman bayanan hashed. Aiwatar da tunani na BLAKE3 aka buga Dual masu lasisi a ƙarƙashin Domain Jama'a (CC0) da Apache 2.0.

Bambanci mai mahimmanci na sabon aikin hash shine babban aikin ƙididdiga na zanta yayin da yake kiyaye aminci a matakin SHA-3. Ta hanyar tsoho, sakamakon girman zanta a cikin BLAKE3 shine 32 bytes (bits 256), amma ana iya faɗaɗa shi zuwa ƙimar sabani. A cikin gwajin tsarar zanta don fayil 16 KB, BLAKE3 ya fi SHA3-256 ta sau 15, SHA-256 ta sau 12, SHA-512 ta sau 8, SHA-1 ta sau 6, da BLAKE2b ta sau 4. Babban gibi ya rage lokacin sarrafa bayanai masu yawa, misali, BLAKE3 ya zama sauri SHA-256 ta sau 8 lokacin ƙididdige hash don 1GB na bayanan bazuwar.

Shahararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru (cryptography) ne suka haɓaka algorithm.Jack O'Connor asalin, Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Samuel Neves, Sunan mahaifi Wilcox-O'Hearn) kuma ya ci gaba da haɓaka algorithm LAFIYA2 kuma yana amfani da wata hanya don ɓoye bishiyar sarƙar toshewa Bao. Ba kamar BLAKE2 (BLAKE2b, BLAKE2s), BLAKE3 yana ba da algorithm guda ɗaya don duk dandamali, ba a ɗaure zuwa zurfin bit da girman zanta ba.

An sami ƙarin aiki ta hanyar rage adadin zagaye daga 10 zuwa 7 da kuma bulogin hashing daban a cikin guda 1 KB. A cewar masu yin halitta, sun sami tabbatacce shaida, cewa za ku iya samun ta tare da zagaye na 7 maimakon 10 yayin da kuke riƙe daidaitattun daidaito (don tsabta, za ku iya ba da misali tare da cakuda 'ya'yan itace a cikin mahaɗin - bayan 7 seconds an riga an hade 'ya'yan itatuwa gaba daya kuma ƙarin 3 seconds zai kasance. baya shafar daidaiton cakuda). Duk da haka, wasu masu bincike sun nuna shakku, suna ganin cewa ko da a halin yanzu zagaye 7 sun isa don jure wa duk wani harin da aka sani akan hashes, to, ƙarin zagaye 3 na iya zama da amfani idan an gano sababbin hare-hare a nan gaba.

Dangane da rarrabuwa zuwa tubalan, a cikin BLAKE3 rafin ya kasu kashi 1 KB kuma kowane yanki yana hashed kansa. Dangane da hashes na guntuwar kan tushe binary merkle itace babban zanta daya aka kafa. Wannan rarrabuwa tana ba mu damar magance matsalar daidaita sarrafa bayanai yayin ƙididdige zanta - alal misali, zaku iya amfani da umarnin SIMD mai zaren 4 don lissafta hashes na tubalan 4 lokaci guda. SHA-* na al'ada aikin hash yana aiwatar da bayanai a jere.

Siffofin BLAKE3:

• Babban aiki;
• Tsaro, gami da juriya ga harin elongation sakon, wanda SHA-2 yana da saukin kamuwa;
• Tabbatar da daidaituwar lissafin akan kowane adadin zaren da tashoshin SIMD;
• Yiwuwar haɓaka haɓakawa da tabbatar da sarrafa magudanan ruwa;
• Yi amfani da PRF, MAC, KDF, XOF kuma azaman zanta na yau da kullun;
• Algorithm guda ɗaya don duk gine-gine, mai sauri akan tsarin x86-64 da na'urori masu sarrafa 32-bit ARM.

source: budenet.ru