Gidauniyar Software ta Apache ta gabatar da sakin DBMS Apache Cassandra 4.0 da aka rarraba, wanda ke cikin nau'in tsarin noSQL kuma an tsara shi don ƙirƙirar ma'auni mai inganci kuma abin dogaro na ɗimbin bayanai da aka adana a cikin hanyar haɗin gwiwa (hash). An yi la'akari da sakin Cassandra 4.0 a shirye don aiwatar da samarwa kuma an riga an gwada shi a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa na Amazon, Apple, DataStax, Instaclustr, iland da Netflix tare da gungu sama da 1000 nodes. An rubuta lambar aikin a cikin Java kuma ana rarraba a ƙarƙashin lasisin Apache 2.0.
Cassandra DBMS Facebook ne ya kirkireshi kuma a cikin 2009 an canza shi a ƙarƙashin kulawar Gidauniyar Apache. Maganin masana'antu dangane da Cassandra an tura su zuwa sabis na wutar lantarki daga kamfanoni kamar Apple, Adobe, CERN, Cisco, IBM, HP, Comcast, Disney, eBay, Huawei, Netflix, Sony, Rackspace, Reddit da Twitter. Misali, kayan aikin ajiya na tushen Apache Cassandra da Apple ke tura yana da gungu sama da dubu, gami da nodes dubu 160 da adana bayanai sama da 100 petabytes. Huawei yana amfani da gungu na Apache Cassandra fiye da 300, wanda ya ƙunshi nodes dubu 30, kuma Netflix yana amfani da gungu sama da 100, yana rufe nodes dubu 10 da sarrafa buƙatun fiye da tiriliyan a kowace rana.
Cassandra DBMS ya haɗu da cikakken rarraba tsarin hash na Dynamo, wanda ke ba da kusan daidaitattun madaidaicin layi yayin da ƙarar bayanai ke ƙaruwa. Cassandra yana amfani da ƙirar ajiyar bayanai dangane da dangin shafi (ColumnFamily), wanda ya bambanta da tsarin kamar memcachedb, wanda ke adana bayanai kawai a cikin maɓalli/ƙimar sarkar, ta ikon tsara ajiyar hashes tare da matakan gida da yawa. Don sauƙaƙe hulɗa tare da ma'ajin bayanai, ana tallafawa ingantaccen yaren tambaya CQL (Cassandra Query Language) wanda yake tunawa da SQL, amma an rage shi cikin aiki. Siffofin sun haɗa da goyan baya ga wuraren suna da iyalai ginshiƙai, da ƙirƙirar fihirisa ta amfani da furcin "CREATE INDEX".
DBMS yana ba ku damar ƙirƙira ma'ajiya mai juriya: bayanan da aka sanya a cikin bayanan ana kwafi su ta atomatik zuwa nodes da yawa na hanyar sadarwa da aka rarraba, waɗanda zasu iya kewaya cibiyoyin bayanai daban-daban. Lokacin da kumburi ya gaza, ana ɗaukar ayyukansa akan tashi ta wasu nodes. Ƙara sabbin nodes zuwa gungu da sabunta sigar Cassandra ana yin ta akan tashi, ba tare da ƙarin sa hannun hannu ba ko sake saita sauran nodes. Direbobi masu goyon bayan CQL an shirya su don Python, Java (JDBC/DBAPI2), Ruby, PHP, C++ da JavaScript (Node.js).
Manyan sabbin abubuwa:
- Ingantaccen aiki da haɓakawa. Ingancin musayar bayanai a cikin tsarin SSTable (Table Strings Table) tsakanin nodes an inganta. An inganta ka'idar saƙon Internode. Saurin canja wurin rafukan bayanai tsakanin nodes ya karu har zuwa sau 5 (mafi yawa saboda amfani da fasahar Zero Copy da kuma canja wurin duk SSTables), kuma kayan aikin karantawa da rubutawa ya karu zuwa 25%. An inganta tsarin farfadowa na haɓaka. Latencies saboda dakatarwar tattara datti yana raguwa zuwa ƴan milli seconds.
- Ƙarin tallafi don rajistar tantancewa wanda ke ba ku damar bin ayyukan tabbatar da mai amfani da duk tambayoyin CQL da aka aiwatar.
- Ƙara ikon kiyaye cikakken rajistar buƙatun binary, yana ba ku damar adana duk buƙatu da zirga-zirgar amsawa. Don gudanarwa, ana ba da umarnin “nodetool enablefullquerylog|disablefullquerylog|resetfullquerylog”, kuma an ba da kayan aikin fqltool don nazarin log ɗin. Ana ba da umarni don canza log ɗin zuwa nau'i mai iya karantawa (Juji), kwatanta ɓangarorin ayyuka (Compare) da sake aiwatarwa (Sake kunnawa) don nazarin sake haifar da yanayin da ke cikin ainihin kaya.
- Ƙara goyon baya ga tebur mai kama-da-wane waɗanda ke nuna bayanan da ba a adana a cikin SSTables ba, amma fitarwar bayanai ta hanyar API (ma'auni na ayyuka, bayanan saiti, abubuwan cache, bayanai game da abokan ciniki da aka haɗa, da sauransu).
- An inganta ingantaccen ma'aunin ajiyar bayanai, rage yawan amfani da sararin faifai da inganta aikin karantawa.
- Bayanan da ke da alaƙa da maɓalli na tsarin (tsarin.*) yanzu an sanya shi a cikin kundin adireshi na farko ta hanyar tsohuwa maimakon rarrabawa a duk kundayen adireshi, wanda ke ba da damar kumburin ya ci gaba da aiki idan ɗayan ƙarin fayafai ya gaza.
- Ƙara goyan bayan gwaji don Maimaituwar Wuta da Ƙimar Ƙirar Rahusa. Kwafi na wucin gadi ba sa adana duk bayanai kuma suna amfani da dawo da ƙara don dacewa da cikakkun kwafi. Ƙungiyoyin haske suna aiwatar da ingantaccen rubutu wanda ba a rubuta shi zuwa kwafi na ɗan lokaci ba har sai an sami isassun cikakkun kwafi.
- Ƙara goyan bayan gwaji don Java 11.
- Ƙara zaɓin gwaji don kwatanta duk Bishiyar Merkle. Misali, ba da damar zaɓi akan gungu mai kumburi 3 wanda kwafi biyu iri ɗaya ne kuma ɗaya ya tsaya zai haifar da sabuntawar tsayayyen kwafin ta amfani da aikin kwafi ɗaya kawai na kwafin na yanzu.
- Ƙara sabbin ayyuka currentTimestamp, currentDate, currentTime and currentTimeUUID.
- Ƙara tallafi don ayyukan lissafi a cikin tambayoyin CQL.
- An ba da ikon yin ayyukan ƙididdiga tsakanin bayanai tare da nau'ikan "tambarin lokaci"/" kwanan wata" da "lokaci".
- An ƙara yanayin don duba rafukan bayanan da ake buƙata don farfadowa (gyaran nodetool — samfoti) da ikon bincika amincin bayanan da ake maidowa (nodetool gyara — tabbatarwa).
- Tambayoyin SELECT yanzu suna da ikon sarrafa taswira da Saita abubuwa.
- Ƙara goyon baya don daidaita matakin farko na ginin ra'ayi (cassandra.yaml:concurrent_materialized_view_builders).
- Umurnin "nodetool cfstats" ya ƙara tallafi don rarrabuwa ta wasu ma'auni da iyakance adadin layuka da aka nuna.
- Ana ba da saitunan don iyakance haɗin mai amfani zuwa wasu cibiyoyin bayanai kawai.
- Ƙara ikon iyakance ƙarfin (iyakar ƙima) na ƙirƙirar hoto da share ayyukan.
- cqlsh da cqlshlib yanzu suna tallafawa Python 3 (har yanzu ana tallafawa Python 2.7).
- An daina goyan bayan dandalin Windows. Don gudanar da Cassandra akan Windows, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da mahallin Linux da aka ƙirƙira bisa tushen tsarin WSL2 (Windows Subsystem don Linux 2) ko tsarin haɓakawa.
source: budenet.ru