Google ya wallafa sakin Dart 2.14 na shirye-shiryen harshe, wanda ke ci gaba da haɓaka reshe na Dart 2 wanda aka sake fasalin sosai, wanda ya bambanta da ainihin sigar harshen Dart ta hanyar amfani da rubutu mai ƙarfi (nau'ikan za a iya gano su ta atomatik, don haka Ƙayyadaddun nau'ikan ba lallai ba ne, amma ba a daina amfani da bugu mai ƙarfi kuma da farko an ƙididdige nau'in nau'in zuwa mai canzawa kuma daga baya ana amfani da nau'i mai tsauri).
Siffofin harshen Dart:
- Sananniya kuma mai sauƙin koya, na halitta don JavaScript, C da masu shirye-shiryen Java.
- Tabbatar da ƙaddamar da sauri da babban aiki ga duk masu binciken gidan yanar gizo na zamani da nau'ikan yanayi daban-daban, daga na'urori masu ɗaukar hoto zuwa sabar masu ƙarfi.
- Ikon ayyana azuzuwan da musaya waɗanda ke ba da damar ɓoyewa da sake amfani da hanyoyin da bayanai da ake da su.
- Ƙayyadaddun nau'o'in yana ba da sauƙi don yin kuskure da gano kurakurai, yana sa lambar ta zama mafi bayyane kuma mafi iya karantawa, kuma yana sauƙaƙa gyare-gyare da bincike ta masu haɓakawa na ɓangare na uku.
- Nau'o'in tallafi sun haɗa da: nau'ikan hashes daban-daban, arrays da lissafin, jerin gwano, lambobi da nau'ikan kirtani, nau'ikan don tantance kwanan wata da lokaci, maganganu na yau da kullun (RegExp). Yana yiwuwa don ƙirƙirar nau'ikan ku.
- Don tsara kisa na daidaici, an ba da shawarar yin amfani da azuzuwan tare da sifa ta keɓe, lambar wacce aka aiwatar da ita gabaɗaya a keɓantaccen sarari a cikin keɓantaccen wurin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, yin hulɗa tare da babban tsari ta hanyar aika saƙonni.
- Taimako don amfani da ɗakunan karatu waɗanda ke sauƙaƙe tallafi da lalata manyan ayyukan yanar gizo. Ana iya haɗa aiwatar da ayyuka na ɓangare na uku a cikin nau'in ɗakunan karatu na tarayya. Ana iya raba aikace-aikacen zuwa sassa kuma a ba da alhakin ci gaban kowane bangare ga ƙungiyar masu shirye-shirye daban.
- Saitin kayan aikin da aka ƙera don tallafawa ci gaba a cikin harshen Dart, gami da aiwatar da haɓaka haɓaka mai ƙarfi da kayan aikin lalata tare da gyare-gyaren lamba akan tashi ("gyara-da-ci gaba").
- Don sauƙaƙe ci gaba a cikin yaren Dart, ya zo tare da SDK, mashaya mai sarrafa fakiti, dart_analyzer mai lamba, saitin ɗakunan karatu, haɗaɗɗen mahalli na haɓaka DartPad da plugins masu kunna Dart don IntelliJ IDEA, WebStorm, Emacs, Rubutun Maɗaukaki 2 da Vim.
- Ana rarraba ƙarin fakiti tare da ɗakunan karatu da kayan aiki ta wurin ajiyar mashaya, wanda ke da fakiti sama da dubu 20.
Manyan canje-canje a cikin sakin Dart 2.14:
- An ƙara sabon ma'aikacin motsi sau uku (>>>), wanda, ba kamar ma'aikacin ">>" ba, ba ya yin lissafi, amma motsi na hankali wanda ke aiki ba tare da la'akari da alamar alamar ba (ana yin motsi ba tare da rarraba ba. lambobi masu kyau da marasa kyau).
- An cire ƙuntatawa akan nau'in gardama wanda ya hana nau'ikan ayyuka na gabaɗaya yin amfani da su azaman mahawara. Misali, yanzu zaku iya tantance: Latti List (T)>idFunctions; var callback = [ (darajar T) => daraja]; marigayi S Aiki (T)>(S) f;
- Bada izinin tantance mahawara tare da nau'ikan a cikin bayanai kamar @Deprecated. Misali, yanzu zaku iya saka: @TypeHelper (42, "Ma'anar")
- Hannun madaidaicin hash, hashAll da hashAllUnordered an ƙara su zuwa daidaitaccen ɗakin karatu (core) a cikin ajin Abu. Ajin DateTime ya inganta yadda ake tafiyar da lokacin gida lokacin da ake canza agogo tsakanin lokacin rani da lokacin hunturu waɗanda ba za a iya raba su da sa'a ɗaya ba (misali, a Ostiraliya ana amfani da kashe mintuna 30). Kunshin ffi ya ƙara tallafi don tsarin rarraba ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, wanda ke fitar da albarkatu ta atomatik. Kunshin ffigen ya kara da ikon samar da ma'anar nau'in Dart na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in Dart na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in Dart daga harshen C.
- Shahararrun fakitin 250 mafi mashahuri daga ma'ajiyar pub.dev da 94% na saman-1000 an canza su zuwa amfani da yanayin "lafiya mara kyau", wanda zai guje wa hadarurruka da yunƙurin amfani da masu canji waɗanda darajarsu ba ta bayyana ba kuma saita zuwa "Null". "" Yanayin yana nuna cewa masu canji ba za su iya samun ƙima mara kyau ba sai dai idan an sanya musu ƙima a sarari. Yanayin yana mutuƙar mutunta nau'ikan masu canzawa, wanda ke ba mai tarawa damar amfani da ƙarin haɓakawa. Ana duba nau'in yarda a lokacin tattarawa, misali, idan kayi ƙoƙarin sanya ƙimar "Babu" zuwa madaidaici tare da nau'in da ba ya nufin yanayin da ba a bayyana ba, kamar "int", za a nuna kuskure.
- Haɗin kai na ƙa'idodi don mai nazarin lambar (linter) an gabatar da shi, yana ba da tallafi na lokaci guda don bincika ƙa'idodin salon lambar don Dart da tsarin Flutter. Don dalilai na tarihi, ƙa'idodin coding na Flutter da Dart sun bambanta, ƙari, ga Dart akwai ƙa'idodi guda biyu da ake amfani da su - waɗanda suke daga Google da ƙa'idodi daga al'ummar haɓaka Dart. Dart 2.14 yana gabatar da sabon saiti na gama gari don linter, wanda aka yanke shawarar yin amfani da shi ta tsohuwa a cikin sabbin ayyukan Dart kuma a cikin Flutter SDK. Saitin ya haɗa da ainihin ƙa'idodi (kunshin lints/core.yaml), ƙarin ƙa'idodi da aka ba da shawarar (lints/recommended.yaml), da takamaiman shawarwarin Flutter (flutter_lints/flutter.yaml). Ana shawartar masu amfani da ƙa'idodin ƙwararru da su canza zuwa amfani da sabon salon coding bisa shawarwarin daga takaddun Dart.
- A cikin mai tsarawa, an inganta haɓakawa zuwa tsara tubalan code ɗin cascading, wanda zai iya inganta aikin tsarawa sosai da kuma guje wa fassarori mara tushe na mallakar abubuwan magana. Misali, kiran "..doIt" a cikin kalmar "var result = errorState ? foo : bad..doIt()"bai shafi yanayin yanayin toshe "mara kyau" ba, amma duka magana, don haka lokacin tsara shi yanzu ya rabu: var sakamakon = errorState? foo: bad ..doIt();
- An ƙara tallafi ga na'urori masu sarrafawa na Apple M1 (Silicon) zuwa SDK, yana nuna duka ikon gudanar da Dart VM, kayan aiki da abubuwan SDK akan tsarin tare da na'ura mai sarrafa Apple Silicon, da goyan bayan tattara fayilolin aiwatarwa don waɗannan kwakwalwan kwamfuta.
- Umurnin "dart pub" ya kara tallafi don sabon fayil ɗin sabis ".pubignore", wanda ke ba ka damar ayyana jerin fayilolin da za a tsallake yayin buga fakiti zuwa ma'ajiyar pub.dev. Waɗannan saitunan ba sa tsoma baki tare da jerin watsi da ".gitignore" (a wasu yanayi, pub.dev na iya so su guje wa canja wurin fayilolin da ake buƙata a Git, misali, rubutun ciki da aka yi amfani da su yayin haɓakawa).
- An yi aiki don inganta aikin "dart test", wanda a yanzu baya buƙatar gwaje-gwajen sakewa bayan canza pubspec idan lambar sigar ba ta canza ba.
- An daina goyan bayan haɗawa a cikin yanayin daidaitawa na ECMAScript 5 (canjin zai haifar da asarar dacewa tare da mai binciken IE11).
- An ayyana ɗaiɗaikun abubuwan amfani da hannu, dartfmt da dart2native, waɗanda aka maye gurbinsu da ginanniyar umarni da ake kira ta hanyar amfani da dart.
- An soke aikin VM Native Extensions. Don kiran lambar asali daga lambar Dart, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da sabuwar Dart FFI (Ingantacciyar Aiki na Ƙasashen waje).
A lokaci guda, an gabatar da gagarumin sakin tsarin tsarin mai amfani da Flutter 2.5, wanda aka ɗauka azaman madadin React Native kuma yana ba da izini, dangane da tushe guda ɗaya, don sakin aikace-aikacen iOS, Android, Windows, macOS da Linux. dandamali, da kuma ƙirƙirar aikace-aikace don aiki a cikin masu bincike. Harsashi na al'ada don tsarin aiki na microkernel Fuchsia wanda Google ya haɓaka an gina shi akan tushen Flutter.
Ana aiwatar da babban ɓangaren lambar Flutter a cikin yaren Dart, kuma injin lokacin aiki don aiwatar da aikace-aikacen an rubuta shi cikin C++. Lokacin haɓaka aikace-aikace, ban da yaren Dart na asali na Flutter, zaku iya amfani da aikin Dart Foreign Function don kiran lambar C/C++. Ana samun babban aikin kisa ta hanyar haɗa aikace-aikace zuwa lambar asali don dandamalin manufa. A wannan yanayin, shirin baya buƙatar sake tattarawa bayan kowane canji - Dart yana ba da yanayin sakewa mai zafi wanda ke ba ku damar yin canje-canje ga aikace-aikacen da ke gudana kuma nan da nan kimanta sakamakon.
Manyan canje-canje a cikin Flutter 2.5:
- An yi ingantaccen ingantaccen aiki. A kan dandamali na iOS da macOS, an aiwatar da precompilation na shaders don Metal graphics API. Inganta ingancin sarrafa abubuwan da ba a daidaita su ba. An warware matsala tare da jinkiri lokacin da mai tattara shara ya dawo da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya daga hotunan da ba a yi amfani da su ba (misali, yayin sake kunna GIF mai rai na daƙiƙa 20, an rage yawan ayyukan tattara shara daga 400 zuwa 4. Jinkirta lokacin aika saƙonni tsakanin Dart da Manufar- An rage C/Swift zuwa 50% (iOS) ko Java/Kotlin (Android) An ƙara tallafin ginin ƙasa don tsarin bisa guntuwar Apple Silicon.
- Don dandamali na Android, an kafa tallafi don gudanar da aikace-aikacen a cikin yanayin cikakken allo. An ci gaba da aiwatar da tsarin ƙirar "Material You", wanda aka gabatar a matsayin zaɓi na Zane na gaba na gaba. An ƙara sabon jihar MaterialState.scrolledUnder, aiwatar da nuni mai ƙarfi na sandunan gungurawa lokacin da ake sake girman girman, kuma ya ba da shawarar sabon mahalli don nuna banners na sanarwa.
- An faɗaɗa ƙarfin plug-in kamara sosai, yana ƙara kayan aiki don sarrafa autofocus, fallasa, walƙiya, zuƙowa, rage amo da ƙuduri.
- An inganta kayan aikin haɓakawa (DevTools) don haɗawa da sabunta yanayin duba widget din, da kayan aikin gano jinkirin da bin diddigin inuwa.
- Ingantattun plugins don Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kayayyakin Kaya da IntelliJ/Android Studio.
source: budenet.ru