A labarin da ya gabata mun yi magana akai . A yau mun yanke shawarar mayar da hankali kan tsarin FictionBook2, wanda aka fi sani da FB2, da kuma "majibinsa" FB3.
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Bayyanar tsarin
A tsakiyar 90s, masu goyon baya digitize littattafan Soviet. Sun fassara da adana wallafe-wallafe ta nau'i-nau'i iri-iri. Ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan karatu na farko a Runet - - Yi amfani da fayil ɗin rubutu da aka tsara (TXT).
An zaɓi zaɓin a cikin ni'imarsa saboda juriya ga cin hanci da rashawa na byte da haɓaka - TXT yana buɗewa akan kowane tsarin aiki. Duk da haka, ya sarrafa bayanan rubutu da aka adana. Misali, don matsawa zuwa layi na dubu, layukan 999 da suka gabace shi dole ne a sarrafa su. Littattafai kuma a cikin Word takardun da PDF - na karshen yana da wuya a canza zuwa wasu nau'o'in, kuma kwamfutoci masu rauni sun buɗe kuma Takardun PDF tare da jinkiri.
Hakanan an yi amfani da HTML don “ajiya” adabin lantarki. Ya sanya fihirisa, jujjuya zuwa wasu sifofi, da ƙirƙirar takardu (tagging rubutu) cikin sauƙi, amma ya gabatar da nasa gazawar. Daya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci shine "» misali: ya ba da damar wasu 'yanci lokacin rubuta tags. Wasu daga cikinsu dole ne a rufe, wasu (misali, ) - babu buƙatar rufe shi. Alamun da kansu na iya samun tsari na gida na sabani.
Kuma ko da yake irin wannan aiki tare da fayiloli ba a ƙarfafa ba - irin waɗannan takardun an yi la'akari da su ba daidai ba - daidaitattun masu karatu da ake bukata don ƙoƙarin nuna abun ciki. Wannan shi ne inda matsaloli suka taso, tun da a cikin kowane aikace-aikace an aiwatar da tsarin "zato" ta hanyarsa. A lokaci guda, na'urorin karatu da aikace-aikacen da ake samu a kasuwa a lokacin tsari ɗaya ko biyu na musamman. Idan akwai wani littafi a cikin tsari ɗaya, dole ne a gyara shi don a karanta shi. An yi niyya ne don magance duk waɗannan gazawar , ko FB2, wanda ya karɓi farkon “tambayoyin” rubutu da jujjuyawa.
Lura cewa tsarin yana da sigar farko - - duk da haka, gwaji ne kawai a yanayi, bai daɗe ba, ba a tallafawa a halin yanzu kuma baya dacewa da baya. Saboda haka, FictionBook galibi yana nufin “majibinsa” - tsarin FB2.
FB2 an ƙirƙira shi ta ƙungiyar masu haɓakawa , wanda shine darektan fasaha na kamfanin lita, da Mikhail Matsnev, mahaliccin Haali Reader. Tsarin ya dogara ne akan XML, wanda ke tsara aiki tare da alamun da ba a rufe ba kuma mafi mahimmanci fiye da HTML. Takardar XML tana tare da abin da ake kira XML Schema. Tsarin XML fayil ne na musamman wanda ya ƙunshi duk alamun kuma yana bayyana ƙa'idodin amfani da su (jeri, gida, tilas da zaɓi, da sauransu). A cikin Littafin Fiction, zane yana cikin fayil ɗin FictionBook2.xsd. Ana iya samun misalin tsarin XML a (kantin sayar da littattafan e-littattafai ne ke amfani dashi).
Tsarin takaddar FB2
Rubutu a cikin takarda a cikin tags na musamman - abubuwan nau'ikan sakin layi: , Kuma . Akwai kuma wani kashi , wanda ba shi da abun ciki kuma ana amfani dashi don saka gibi.
Duk takaddun suna farawa da tushen alamar , ƙasa wanda zai iya bayyana , , Kuma .
Tag ya ƙunshi zanen gadon salo don sauƙaƙe jujjuyawa zuwa wasu nau'ikan tsari. IN karya encoded ta amfani da bayanan da za a iya buƙata don ba da daftarin aiki.
Abun ciki ya ƙunshi duk bayanan da ake buƙata game da littafin: nau'in aikin, jerin marubuta (cikakken suna, adireshin imel da gidan yanar gizon), take, toshe tare da kalmomin shiga, annotation. Hakanan yana iya ƙunsar bayani game da canje-canjen da aka yi ga takaddar da bayanin mawallafin littafin idan an buga shi a takarda.
Wannan shi ne abin da sashin toshe yayi kama a cikin FictionBook shigarwa don "Nazari a Scarlet" na Arthur Conan Doyle, wanda aka ɗauka daga :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
<FictionBook
>
<description>
<title-info>
<genre match="100">detective</genre>
<author>
<first-name>Arthur</first-name>
<middle-name>Conan</middle-name>
<last-name>Doyle</last-name>
</author>
<book-title>A Study in Scarlet</book-title>
<annotation>
</annotation>
<date value="1887-01-01">1887</date>
</title-info>
</description>
Babban abin da ke cikin takaddar Littafin Fiction shine . Ya ƙunshi rubutun littafin da kansa. Za a iya samun da yawa daga cikin waɗannan alamun a duk cikin takaddun - ana amfani da ƙarin tubalan don adana bayanan ƙafa, sharhi da bayanin kula.
Littafin fiction kuma yana ba da alamomi da yawa don aiki tare da manyan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa. Sun dogara ne akan ƙayyadaddun bayanai , Ƙungiya ta haɓaka musamman don ƙirƙirar haɗin kai tsakanin albarkatun daban-daban a cikin takaddun XML.
Amfanin tsarin
Ma'aunin FB2 ya haɗa da mafi ƙarancin saitin alamun da ake buƙata (wanda ya isa ya “tsara” almara), wanda ke sauƙaƙe sarrafa shi ta masu karatu. Haka kuma, a cikin yanayin aiki kai tsaye na mai karatu tare da tsarin FB, mai amfani yana da damar tsara kusan duk sigogin nuni.
Tsananin tsarin daftarin aiki yana ba ku damar sarrafa tsarin juzu'i daga tsarin FB zuwa kowane ɗayan. Irin wannan tsari ya sa ya yiwu a yi aiki tare da mutum abubuwa na takardun - kafa masu tacewa ta marubutan littattafai, lakabi, nau'i, da dai sauransu. A saboda wannan dalili, tsarin FB2 ya sami karbuwa a Runet, ya zama ma'auni na asali a cikin ɗakunan karatu na lantarki da ɗakunan karatu na Rasha. a cikin kasashen CIS.
Lalacewar tsarin
Sauƙin tsarin FB2 shine fa'ida da rashin amfaninsa a lokaci guda. Wannan yana iyakance ayyuka don tsararrun rubutun rubutu (misali, bayanin kula a gefe). Ba shi da zane-zane na vector ko goyan baya don lissafin ƙididdiga. A saboda wannan dalili da format don litattafai, littattafan tunani da wallafe-wallafen fasaha (sunan tsarin har ma yana magana game da wannan - littafin almara, ko "littafin almara").
A lokaci guda, don nuna ƙaramin bayanai game da littafin - take, marubuci da murfin - shirin yana buƙatar aiwatar da kusan dukkanin takaddun XML. Wannan saboda metadata yana zuwa a farkon rubutu kuma hotuna suna zuwa a ƙarshen.
FB3 - ci gaban tsarin
Saboda ƙarin buƙatun don tsara rubutun littafi (kuma don rage wasu gazawar FB2), Gribov ya fara aiki akan tsarin FB3. Daga baya ci gaba ya tsaya, amma a cikin 2014 ya kasance .
A cewar marubutan, sun yi nazarin ainihin buƙatun lokacin buga wallafe-wallafen fasaha, sun kalli littattafan rubutu, littattafan tunani, littattafan bayanai da kuma zayyana takamaiman jerin abubuwan da za su ba da damar nuna kowane littafi.
A cikin sabon ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin Littafi Mai-Tsarki babban rumbun adana bayanai ne wanda ake adana metadata, hotuna da rubutu azaman fayiloli daban. Abubuwan buƙatun tsarin fayil ɗin zip da ƙa'idodi na ƙungiyar sa an ƙayyadadden ƙa'ida , wanda ke bayyana Buɗe XML.
An yi gyare-gyare da yawa dangane da tsarawa (tazarar tazara, a ƙarƙashin layi) kuma an ƙara wani sabon abu - "block" - wanda ke tsara guntun littafi na sabani a cikin nau'i na quadrangle kuma za'a iya saka shi cikin rubutu tare da nade. Yanzu akwai goyan baya ga lissafin masu lamba da harsashi.
Ana rarraba FB3 a ƙarƙashin lasisin kyauta kuma buɗaɗɗen tushe ne, don haka duk abubuwan amfani suna samuwa ga masu bugawa da masu amfani: masu canzawa, masu gyara gajimare, masu karatu. A halin yanzu format, и ana iya samuwa a cikin ma'ajiyar GitHub na aikin.
Gabaɗaya, FictionBook3 har yanzu bai fi yaɗuwa fiye da ɗan'uwansa ba, amma da yawa ɗakunan karatu na lantarki sun riga sun ba da littattafai ta wannan tsari. Kuma lita shekaru biyu da suka gabata sun sanar da aniyarsu ta canja duk kasidarsu zuwa wani sabon tsari. Wasu masu karatu sun riga sun goyi bayan duk ayyukan FB3 masu dacewa. Misali, duk samfuran zamani na masu karatun ONYX na iya aiki tare da wannan tsari daga cikin akwatin, misali, ko .
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Faɗin rarraba FictionBook3 zai haifar da yanayin muhalli don cikakken aiki da inganci tare da rubutu akan kowace na'ura tare da iyakataccen albarkatu: baki-da-fari ko ƙaramin nuni, ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da dai sauransu. A cewar masu haɓakawa, littafi da zarar an shimfiɗa shi zai zama mai dacewa kamar yadda zai yiwu a kowane yanayi.
PS Mun kawo hankalinku sake dubawa da yawa na masu karatun ONYX BOOX:
source: www.habr.com