Tun daga shekara ta 2015, rabon makamashin hasken rana da iska a samar da makamashi a duniya ya ninka sau biyu, a cewar cibiyar bincike Ember. A halin yanzu, yana da kusan kashi 10% na yawan makamashin da ake samarwa, yana gabatowa matakin tashoshin makamashin nukiliya.
Madadin hanyoyin samar da makamashi a hankali suna maye gurbin kwal, wanda samarwarsa ya fadi da rikodin 2020% a farkon rabin 8,3 idan aka kwatanta da daidai wannan lokacin na 2019. Iska da hasken rana sun kai kashi 30% na wannan koma baya, a cewar Ember, yayin da akasarin raguwar ya faru ne saboda cutar amai da gudawa ta rage bukatar wutar lantarki.
Binciken Ember ya shafi kasashe 48, wanda ke da kashi 83% na samar da wutar lantarki a duniya. Dangane da yawan wutar lantarki da iska da hasken rana ke samarwa, a yanzu Birtaniya da EU ne ke kan gaba. Wadannan hanyoyin samar da makamashi a halin yanzu suna da kashi 42% na amfani da makamashi a Jamus, 33% a Burtaniya da 21% a cikin EU.
Wannan ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta da manyan masu gurɓatar da iskar carbon a duniya guda uku: China, Amurka da Indiya. A China da Indiya, iska da hasken rana suna samar da kusan kashi goma na dukkan wutar lantarki. Haka kuma, kasar Sin ta dauki fiye da rabin dukkan makamashin kwal a duniya.
A Amurka, kusan kashi 12% na duk wutar lantarki na zuwa ne daga wuraren aikin hasken rana da iska. Sabuntawa zai kasance tushen samar da wutar lantarki cikin sauri a wannan shekara, a cewar wani kiyasin da Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Amurka ta fitar a farkon makon nan. A watan Afrilun 2019, jimillar adadin makamashin da aka samar a Amurka daga tushen kore ya zarce kason kwal a karon farko, wanda ya sanya shekarar da ta gabata ta zama shekarar da ta zama shekarar rikodi na hanyoyin samar da makamashi. A cewar kamfanin dillancin labaran reuters, ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2020, ana sa ran rabon hanyoyin samar da makamashi da makamashin nukiliya a tsarin masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta Amurka zai wuce kason kwal.
Wannan duk abin karfafa gwiwa ne, amma har yanzu da sauran rina a kaba don cimma burin yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi ta birnin Paris na shekarar 2015 na hana duniyar dumamar yanayi sama da ma'aunin ma'aunin celcius sama da ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin Celsius 1,5 a gaban masana'antu. Don cimma wannan burin, dole ne a rage yawan amfani da gawayi da kashi 13% a duk shekara a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa, kuma dole ne a kusan kawar da hayakin carbon dioxide nan da shekarar 2050.
Dave Jones, babban manazarci a Ember ya ce "Gaskiya cewa samar da kwal ya ragu da kashi 8% kawai yayin bala'in duniya yana nuna yadda har yanzu muke cim ma burin." "Muna da mafita, yana aiki, amma bai yi sauri ba."
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source: 3dnews.ru